random whitespace

allow filtering by response
better logging on cassettenotfound
2025-12-09 09:13:23 +00:00 · 2016-01-11 15:54:13 -08:00 · 2016-01-11 15:53:04 -08:00 · 2015-10-26 00:36:44 -07:00
97 changed files with 3312 additions and 6790 deletions
--- a/.codecov.yml
+++ b/.codecov.yml
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
 coverage:
  status:
    project:
      default:
        target: 75
        # Allow 0% coverage regression
        threshold: 0
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
 version: 2
 updates:
  - package-ecosystem: pip
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: weekly
  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: weekly
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
 name: Test
 on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
  pull_request:
  workflow_dispatch:
 jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "pypy-3.8"]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3.5.2
      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      - name: Install project dependencies
        run: |
          pip install --upgrade pip
          pip install codecov tox tox-gh-actions
      - name: Run tests with tox
        run: tox
      - name: Run coverage
        run: codecov
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
 *.pyc
 .tox
 .cache
 .pytest_cache/
 build/
 dist/
 *.egg/
 .coverage
 coverage.xml
 htmlcov/
 *.egg-info/
 pytestdebug.log
 pip-wheel-metadata/
 .python-version
 fixtures/
 /docs/_build
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
 language: python
 sudo: false
 before_install: openssl version
 env:
  global:
    - secure: AifoKzwhjV94cmcQZrdQmqRu/9rkZZvWpwBv1daeAQpLOKFPGsOm3D+x2cSw9+iCfkgDZDfqQVv1kCaFVxTll8v8jTq5SJdqEY0NmGWbj/UkNtShh609oRDsuzLxAEwtVKYjf/h8K2BRea+bl1tGkwZ2vtmYS6dxNlAijjWOfds=
    - secure: LBSEg/gMj4u4Hrpo3zs6Y/1mTpd2RtcN49mZIFgTdbJ9IhpiNPqcEt647Lz94F9Eses2x2WbNuKqZKZZReY7QLbEzU1m0nN5jlaKrjcG5NR5clNABfFFyhgc0jBikyS4abAG8jc2efeaTrFuQwdoF4sE8YiVrkiVj2X5Xoi6sBk=
  matrix:
    - WITH_LIB="requests2.2"
    - WITH_LIB="requests2.3"
    - WITH_LIB="requests2.4"
    - WITH_LIB="requests2.5"
    - WITH_LIB="requests2.6"
    - WITH_LIB="requests2.7"
    - WITH_LIB="requests1.x"
    - WITH_LIB="httplib2"
    - WITH_LIB="boto"
    - WITH_LIB="urllib31.7"
    - WITH_LIB="urllib31.9"
    - WITH_LIB="urllib31.10"
    - WITH_LIB="tornado"
 matrix:
  allow_failures:
    - env: WITH_LIB="boto"
  exclude:
    - env: WITH_LIB="boto"
      python: 3.3
    - env: WITH_LIB="boto"
      python: 3.4
    - env: WITH_LIB="requests1.x"
      python: 3.4
 python:
 - 2.6
 - 2.7
 - 3.3
 - 3.4
 - pypy
 install:
 - pip install .
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests1.x" ] ; then pip install requests==1.2.3; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests2.2" ] ; then pip install requests==2.2.1; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests2.3" ] ; then pip install requests==2.3.0; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests2.4" ] ; then pip install requests==2.4.0; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests2.5" ] ; then pip install requests==2.5.0; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests2.6" ] ; then pip install requests==2.6.0; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "requests2.7" ] ; then pip install requests==2.7.0; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "httplib2" ] ; then pip install httplib2; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "boto" ] ; then pip install boto; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "urllib31.7" ] ; then pip install certifi urllib3==1.7.1; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "urllib31.9" ] ; then pip install certifi urllib3==1.9.1; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "urllib31.10" ] ; then pip install certifi urllib3==1.10.2; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "tornado" ] ; then pip install tornado==4.2 pytest-tornado; fi
 - if [ $WITH_LIB = "tornado" -a $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION != "pypy" ] ; then pip install pycurl; fi
 script: python setup.py test
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -2,5 +2,3 @@ include README.rst
 include LICENSE.txt
 include tox.ini
 recursive-include tests *
 recursive-exclude * __pycache__
 recursive-exclude * *.py[co]
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -1,35 +1,23 @@
 |Build Status| |Stories in Ready| |Gitter|
-###########
+VCR.py
-VCR.py 📼
+======
 ###########
 |PyPI| |Python versions| |Build Status| |CodeCov| |Gitter| |CodeStyleBlack|
 ----
 .. image:: https://vcrpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/vcr.svg
   :alt: vcr.py logo
 .. image:: https://raw.github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/master/vcr.png
   :alt: vcr.py
 This is a Python version of `Ruby's VCR
 library <https://github.com/vcr/vcr>`__.
-Source code
+What it does
-  https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy
+------------
 Documentation
  https://vcrpy.readthedocs.io/
 Rationale
 ---------
 VCR.py simplifies and speeds up tests that make HTTP requests. The
 first time you run code that is inside a VCR.py context manager or
 decorated function, VCR.py records all HTTP interactions that take
 place through the libraries it supports and serializes and writes them
 to a flat file (in yaml format by default). This flat file is called a
-cassette. When the relevant piece of code is executed again, VCR.py
+cassette. When the relevant peice of code is executed again, VCR.py
 will read the serialized requests and responses from the
 aforementioned cassette file, and intercept any HTTP requests that it
 recognizes from the original test run and return the responses that
@@ -47,29 +35,748 @@ VCR.py will detect the absence of a cassette file and once again record
 all HTTP interactions, which will update them to correspond to the new
 API.
-Usage with Pytest
+Compatibility Notes
 -------------------
 VCR.py supports Python 2.6 and 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, and
 `pypy <http://pypy.org>`__.
 The following http libraries are supported:
 -  urllib2
 -  urllib3
 -  http.client (python3)
 -  requests (both 1.x and 2.x versions)
 -  httplib2
 -  boto
 -  Tornado's AsyncHTTPClient
 Usage
 -----
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    import urllib2
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert 'Example domains' in response
 Run this test once, and VCR.py will record the HTTP request to
 ``fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yml``. Run it again, and VCR.py will
 replay the response from iana.org when the http request is made. This
 test is now fast (no real HTTP requests are made anymore), deterministic
 (the test will continue to pass, even if you are offline, or iana.org
 goes down for maintenance) and accurate (the response will contain the
 same headers and body you get from a real request).
 You can also use VCR.py as a decorator. The same request above would
 look like this:
 .. code:: python
    @vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml')
    def test_iana():
        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert 'Example domains' in response
 When using the decorator version of ``use_cassette``, it is possible to
 omit the path to the cassette file.
 .. code:: python
    @vcr.use_cassette()
    def test_iana():
        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert 'Example domains' in response
 In this case, the cassette file will be given the same name as the test
 function, and it will be placed in the same directory as the file in
 which the test is defined. See the Automatic Test Naming section below
 for more details.
 Configuration
 -------------
 If you don't like VCR's defaults, you can set options by instantiating a
 ``VCR`` class and setting the options on it.
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        serializer='json',
        cassette_library_dir='fixtures/cassettes',
        record_mode='once',
        match_on=['uri', 'method'],
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json'):
        # your http code here
 Otherwise, you can override options each time you use a cassette.
 .. code:: python
    with vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', serializer='json', record_mode='once'):
        # your http code here
 Note: Per-cassette overrides take precedence over the global config.
 Request matching
 ----------------
 Request matching is configurable and allows you to change which requests
 VCR considers identical. The default behavior is
 ``['method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query']`` which means
 that requests with both the same URL and method (ie POST or GET) are
 considered identical.
 This can be configured by changing the ``match_on`` setting.
 The following options are available :
 -  method (for example, POST or GET)
 -  uri (the full URI.)
 -  host (the hostname of the server receiving the request)
 -  port (the port of the server receiving the request)
 -  path (the path of the request)
 -  query (the query string of the request)
 -  raw\_body (the entire request body as is)
 -  body (the entire request body unmarshalled by content-type
   i.e. xmlrpc, json, form-urlencoded, falling back on raw\_body)
 -  headers (the headers of the request)
   Backwards compatible matchers:
 -  url (the ``uri`` alias)
 If these options don't work for you, you can also register your own
 request matcher. This is described in the Advanced section of this
 README.
 Record Modes
 ------------
 VCR supports 4 record modes (with the same behavior as Ruby's VCR):
 once
 ~~~~
 -  Replay previously recorded interactions.
 -  Record new interactions if there is no cassette file.
 -  Cause an error to be raised for new requests if there is a cassette
   file.
 It is similar to the new\_episodes record mode, but will prevent new,
 unexpected requests from being made (i.e. because the request URI
 changed).
 once is the default record mode, used when you do not set one.
 new\_episodes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 -  Record new interactions.
 -  Replay previously recorded interactions. It is similar to the once
   record mode, but will always record new interactions, even if you
   have an existing recorded one that is similar, but not identical.
 This was the default behavior in versions < 0.3.0
 none
 ~~~~
 -  Replay previously recorded interactions.
 -  Cause an error to be raised for any new requests. This is useful when
   your code makes potentially dangerous HTTP requests. The none record
   mode guarantees that no new HTTP requests will be made.
 all
 ~~~
 -  Record new interactions.
 -  Never replay previously recorded interactions. This can be
   temporarily used to force VCR to re-record a cassette (i.e. to ensure
   the responses are not out of date) or can be used when you simply
   want to log all HTTP requests.
 Advanced Features
 -----------------
-There is a library to provide some pytest fixtures called pytest-recording https://github.com/kiwicom/pytest-recording
+If you want, VCR.py can return information about the cassette it is
 using to record your requests and responses. This will let you record
 your requests and responses and make assertions on them, to make sure
 that your code under test is generating the expected requests and
 responses. This feature is not present in Ruby's VCR, but I think it is
 a nice addition. Here's an example:
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    import urllib2
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
        # cass should have 1 request inside it
        assert len(cass) == 1 
        # the request uri should have been http://www.zombo.com/
        assert cass.requests[0].uri == 'http://www.zombo.com/'
 The ``Cassette`` object exposes the following properties which I
 consider part of the API. The fields are as follows:
 -  ``requests``: A list of vcr.Request objects corresponding to the http
   requests that were made during the recording of the cassette. The
   requests appear in the order that they were originally processed.
 -  ``responses``: A list of the responses made.
 -  ``play_count``: The number of times this cassette has played back a
   response.
 -  ``all_played``: A boolean indicating whether all the responses have
   been played back.
 -  ``responses_of(request)``: Access the responses that match a given
   request
 The ``Request`` object has the following properties:
 -  ``uri``: The full uri of the request. Example:
   "https://google.com/?q=vcrpy"
 -  ``scheme``: The scheme used to make the request (http or https)
 -  ``host``: The host of the request, for example "www.google.com"
 -  ``port``: The port the request was made on
 -  ``path``: The path of the request. For example "/" or "/home.html"
 -  ``query``: The parsed query string of the request. Sorted list of
   name, value pairs.
 -  ``method`` : The method used to make the request, for example "GET"
   or "POST"
 -  ``body``: The body of the request, usually empty except for POST /
   PUT / etc
 Backwards compatible properties:
 -  ``url``: The ``uri`` alias
 -  ``protocol``: The ``scheme`` alias
 Register your own serializer
 ----------------------------
 Don't like JSON or YAML? That's OK, VCR.py can serialize to any format
 you would like. Create your own module or class instance with 2 methods:
 -  ``def deserialize(cassette_string)``
 -  ``def serialize(cassette_dict)``
 Finally, register your class with VCR to use your new serializer.
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    class BogoSerializer(object):
        """
        Must implement serialize() and deserialize() methods
        """
        pass
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_serializer('bogo', BogoSerializer())
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo', serializer='bogo'):
        # your http here
    # After you register, you can set the default serializer to your new serializer
    my_vcr.serializer = 'bogo'
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo'):
        # your http here
 Register your own request matcher
 ---------------------------------
 Create your own method with the following signature
 .. code:: python
    def my_matcher(r1, r2):
 Your method receives the two requests and must return ``True`` if they
 match, ``False`` if they don't.
 Finally, register your method with VCR to use your new request matcher.
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    def jurassic_matcher(r1, r2):
        return r1.uri == r2.uri and 'JURASSIC PARK' in r1.body
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_matcher('jurassic', jurassic_matcher)
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', match_on=['jurassic']):
        # your http here
    # After you register, you can set the default match_on to use your new matcher
    my_vcr.match_on = ['jurassic']
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
        # your http here
 Filter sensitive data from the request
 --------------------------------------
 If you are checking your cassettes into source control, and are using
 some form of authentication in your tests, you can filter out that
 information so it won't appear in your cassette files. There are a few
 ways to do this:
 Filter information from HTTP Headers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Use the ``filter_headers`` configuration option with a list of headers
 to filter.
 .. code:: python
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_headers=['authorization']):
        # sensitive HTTP request goes here
 Filter information from HTTP querystring
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Use the ``filter_query_parameters`` configuration option with a list of
 query parameters to filter.
 .. code:: python
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_query_parameters=['api_key']):
        requests.get('http://api.com/getdata?api_key=secretstring')
 Filter information from HTTP post data
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Use the ``filter_post_data_parameters`` configuration option with a list
 of post data parameters to filter.
 .. code:: python
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_post_data_parameters=['client_secret']):
        requests.post('http://api.com/postdata', data={'api_key': 'secretstring'})
 Custom Request filtering
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 If none of these covers your request filtering needs, you can register a
 callback that will manipulate the HTTP request before adding it to the
 cassette. Use the ``before_record`` configuration option to so this.
 Here is an example that will never record requests to the /login
 endpoint.
 .. code:: python
    def before_record_cb(request):
        if request.path != '/login':
            return request
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        before_record = before_record_cb,
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
        # your http code here
 You can also mutate the response using this callback. For example, you
 could remove all query parameters from any requests to the ``'/login'``
 path.
 .. code:: python
    def scrub_login_request(request):
        if request.path == '/login':
            request.uri, _ =  urllib.splitquery(response.uri)
        return request
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        before_record=scrub_login_request,
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
        # your http code here
 Custom Response Filtering
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 VCR.py also suports response filtering with the
 ``before_record_response`` keyword argument. It's usage is similar to
 that of ``before_record``:
 .. code:: python
    def scrub_string(string, replacement=''):
        def before_record_response(response):
            response['body']['string'] = response['body']['string'].replace(string, replacement)
            return response
        return before_record_response
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        before_record_response=scrub_string(settings.USERNAME, 'username'),
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
         # your http code here    
 Ignore requests
 ---------------
 If you would like to completely ignore certain requests, you can do it
 in a few ways:
 -  Set the ``ignore_localhost`` option equal to True. This will not
   record any requests sent to (or responses from) localhost, 127.0.0.1,
   or 0.0.0.0.
 -  Set the ``ignore_hosts`` configuration option to a list of hosts to
   ignore
 -  Add a ``before_record`` callback that returns None for requests you
   want to ignore
 Requests that are ignored by VCR will not be saved in a cassette, nor
 played back from a cassette. VCR will completely ignore those requests
 as if it didn't notice them at all, and they will continue to hit the
 server as if VCR were not there.
 Custom Patches
 --------------
 If you use a custom ``HTTPConnection`` class, or otherwise make http
 requests in a way that requires additional patching, you can use the
 ``custom_patches`` keyword argument of the ``VCR`` and ``Cassette``
 objects to patch those objects whenever a cassette's context is entered.
 To patch a custom version of ``HTTPConnection`` you can do something
 like this:
 ::
    import where_the_custom_https_connection_lives
    from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
    my_vcr = config.VCR(custom_patches=((where_the_custom_https_connection_lives, 'CustomHTTPSConnection', VCRHTTPSConnection),))
    @my_vcr.use_cassette(...)
 Automatic Cassette Naming
 -------------------------
 VCR.py now allows the omission of the path argument to the use\_cassette
 function. Both of the following are now legal/should work
 .. code:: python
    @my_vcr.use_cassette
    def my_test_function():
        ...
 .. code:: python
    @my_vcr.use_cassette()
    def my_test_function():
        ...
 In both cases, VCR.py will use a path that is generated from the
 provided test function's name. If no ``cassette_library_dir`` has been
 set, the cassette will be in a file with the name of the test function
 in directory of the file in which the test function is declared. If a
 ``cassette_library_dir`` has been set, the cassette will appear in that
 directory in a file with the name of the decorated function.
 It is possible to control the path produced by the automatic naming
 machinery by customizing the ``path_transformer`` and
 ``func_path_generator`` vcr variables. To add an extension to all
 cassette names, use ``VCR.ensure_suffix`` as follows:
 .. code:: python
    my_vcr = VCR(path_transformer=VCR.ensure_suffix('.yaml'))
    @my_vcr.use_cassette
    def my_test_function():
 Installation
 ------------
 VCR.py is a package on PyPI, so you can ``pip install vcrpy`` (first you
 may need to ``brew install libyaml``
 [`Homebrew <http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/>`__\ ])
 Ruby VCR compatibility
 ----------------------
 VCR.py does not aim to match the format of the Ruby VCR YAML files.
 Cassettes generated by Ruby's VCR are not compatible with VCR.py.
 Running VCR's test suite
 ------------------------
 The tests are all run automatically on `Travis
 CI <https://travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy>`__, but you can also run them
 yourself using `py.test <http://pytest.org/>`__ and
 `Tox <http://tox.testrun.org/>`__. Tox will automatically run them in
 all environments VCR.py supports. The test suite is pretty big and slow,
 but you can tell tox to only run specific tests like this:
 ``tox -e py27requests -- -v -k "'test_status_code or test_gzip'"``
 This will run only tests that look like ``test_status_code`` or
 ``test_gzip`` in the test suite, and only in the python 2.7 environment
 that has ``requests`` installed.
 Also, in order for the boto tests to run, you will need an AWS key.
 Refer to the `boto
 documentation <http://boto.readthedocs.org/en/latest/getting_started.html>`__
 for how to set this up. I have marked the boto tests as optional in
 Travis so you don't have to worry about them failing if you submit a
 pull request.
 Logging
 -------
 VCR.py has a few log messages you can turn on to help you figure out if
 HTTP requests are hitting a real server or not. You can turn them on
 like this:
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    import requests
    import logging
    logging.basicConfig() # you need to initialize logging, otherwise you will not see anything from vcrpy
    vcr_log = logging.getLogger("vcr")
    vcr_log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    with vcr.use_cassette('headers.yml'):
            requests.get('http://httpbin.org/headers')
 The first time you run this, you will see:
 ::
    INFO:vcr.stubs:<Request (GET) http://httpbin.org/headers> not in cassette, sending to real server
 The second time, you will see:
 ::
    INFO:vcr.stubs:Playing response for <Request (GET) http://httpbin.org/headers> from cassette
 If you set the loglevel to DEBUG, you will also get information about
 which matchers didn't match. This can help you with debugging custom
 matchers.
 Speed
 -----
 VCR.py runs about 10x faster when pyyaml can use the libyaml extensions. However, just installing ``libyaml`` (Mac) or ``libyaml-dev`` (Linux) is not enough, as pyyaml needs to be rebuild with the proper flag. Note that this flag is cached by pip, so clear the cache first. 
 Are you using libyaml already? This should work:
 .. code:: sh
    python -c 'from yaml import CLoader'
 If not:
 .. code:: sh
    pip uninstall pyyaml
    pip --no-cache-dir install pyyaml
 Upgrade
 -------
 New Cassette Format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The cassette format has changed in *VCR.py 1.x*, the *VCR.py 0.x*
 cassettes cannot be used with *VCR.py 1.x*. The easiest way to upgrade
 is to simply delete your cassettes and re-record all of them. VCR.py
 also provides a migration script that attempts to upgrade your 0.x
 cassettes to the new 1.x format. To use it, run the following command:
 ::
    python -m vcr.migration PATH
 The PATH can be either a path to the directory with cassettes or the
 path to a single cassette.
 *Note*: Back up your cassettes files before migration. The migration
 *should* only modify cassettes using the old 0.x format.
 New serializer / deserializer API
 ---------------------------------
 If you made a custom serializer, you will need to update it to match the
 new API in version 1.0.x
 -  Serializers now take dicts and return strings.
 -  Deserializers take strings and return dicts (instead of requests,
   responses pair)
 Changelog
 ---------
 -  1.7.4 [#217] Make use_cassette decorated functions actually return a
   value (thanks @bcen). [#199] Fix path transfromation defaults.
   Better headers dictionary management.
 -  1.7.3 [#188] ``additional_matchers`` kwarg on ``use_cassette``.
   [#191] Actually support passing multiple before_record_request
   functions (thanks @agriffis).
 -  1.7.2 [#186] Get effective_url in tornado (thanks @mvschaik), [#187]
   Set request_time on Response object in tornado (thanks @abhinav).
 -  1.7.1 [#183] Patch ``fetch_impl`` instead of the entire HTTPClient
   class for Tornado (thanks @abhinav).
 -  1.7.0 [#177] Properly support coroutine/generator decoration. [#178]
   Support distribute (thanks @graingert). [#163] Make compatibility
   between python2 and python3 recorded cassettes more robust (thanks
   @gward).
 -  1.6.1 [#169] Support conditional requirements in old versions of
   pip, Fix RST parse errors generated by pandoc, [Tornado] Fix
   unsupported features exception not being raised, [#166]
   content-aware body matcher.
 -  1.6.0 [#120] Tornado support (thanks @abhinav), [#147] packaging fixes
   (thanks @graingert), [#158] allow filtering post params in requests
   (thanks @MrJohz), [#140] add xmlrpclib support (thanks @Diaoul).
 -  1.5.2 Fix crash when cassette path contains cassette library
   directory (thanks @gazpachoking).
 -  1.5.0 Automatic cassette naming and 'application/json' post data
   filtering (thanks @marco-santamaria).
 -  1.4.2 Fix a bug caused by requests 2.7 and chunked transfer encoding
 -  1.4.1 Include README, tests, LICENSE in package. Thanks @ralphbean.
 -  1.4.0 Filter post data parameters (thanks @eadmundo), support for
   posting files through requests, inject\_cassette kwarg to access
   cassette from ``use_cassette`` decorated function,
   ``with_current_defaults`` actually works (thanks @samstav).
 -  1.3.0 Fix/add support for urllib3 (thanks @aisch), fix default port
   for https (thanks @abhinav).
 -  1.2.0 Add custom\_patches argument to VCR/Cassette objects to allow
   users to stub custom classes when cassettes become active.
 -  1.1.4 Add force reset around calls to actual connection from stubs,
   to ensure compatibility with the version of httplib/urlib2 in python
   2.7.9.
 -  1.1.3 Fix python3 headers field (thanks @rtaboada), fix boto test
   (thanks @telaviv), fix new\_episodes record mode (thanks @jashugan),
   fix Windows connectionpool stub bug (thanks @gazpachoking), add
   support for requests 2.5
 -  1.1.2 Add urllib==1.7.1 support. Make json serialize error handling
   correct Improve logging of match failures.
 -  1.1.1 Use function signature preserving ``wrapt.decorator`` to write
   the decorator version of use\_cassette in order to ensure
   compatibility with py.test fixtures and python 2. Move all request
   filtering into the ``before_record_callable``.
 -  1.1.0 Add ``before_record_response``. Fix several bugs related to the
   context management of cassettes.
 -  1.0.3: Fix an issue with requests 2.4 and make sure case sensitivity
   is consistent across python versions
 -  1.0.2: Fix an issue with requests 2.3
 -  1.0.1: Fix a bug with the new ignore requests feature and the once
   record mode
 -  1.0.0: *BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE*: Please see the 'upgrade' section in
   the README. Take a look at the matcher section as well, you might
   want to update your ``match_on`` settings. Add support for filtering
   sensitive data from requests, matching query strings after the order
   changes and improving the built-in matchers, (thanks to @mshytikov),
   support for ignoring requests to certain hosts, bump supported
   Python3 version to 3.4, fix some bugs with Boto support (thanks
   @marusich), fix error with URL field capitalization in README (thanks
   @simon-weber), added some log messages to help with debugging, added
   ``all_played`` property on cassette (thanks @mshytikov)
 -  0.7.0: VCR.py now supports Python 3! (thanks @asundg) Also I
   refactored the stub connections quite a bit to add support for the
   putrequest and putheader calls. This version also adds support for
   httplib2 (thanks @nilp0inter). I have added a couple tests for boto
   since it is an http client in its own right. Finally, this version
   includes a fix for a bug where requests wasn't being patched properly
   (thanks @msabramo).
 -  0.6.0: Store response headers as a list since a HTTP response can
   have the same header twice (happens with set-cookie sometimes). This
   has the added benefit of preserving the order of headers. Thanks
   @smallcode for the bug report leading to this change. I have made an
   effort to ensure backwards compatibility with the old cassettes'
   header storage mechanism, but if you want to upgrade to the new
   header storage, you should delete your cassettes and re-record them.
   Also this release adds better error messages (thanks @msabramo) and
   adds support for using VCR as a decorator (thanks @smallcode for the
   motivation)
 -  0.5.0: Change the ``response_of`` method to ``responses_of`` since
   cassettes can now contain more than one response for a request. Since
   this changes the API, I'm bumping the version. Also includes 2
   bugfixes: a better error message when attempting to overwrite a
   cassette file, and a fix for a bug with requests sessions (thanks
   @msabramo)
 -  0.4.0: Change default request recording behavior for multiple
   requests. If you make the same request multiple times to the same
   URL, the response might be different each time (maybe the response
   has a timestamp in it or something), so this will make the same
   request multiple times and save them all. Then, when you are
   replaying the cassette, the responses will be played back in the same
   order in which they were received. If you were making multiple
   requests to the same URL in a cassette before version 0.4.0, you
   might need to regenerate your cassette files. Also, removes support
   for the cassette.play\_count counter API, since individual requests
   aren't unique anymore. A cassette might contain the same request
   several times. Also removes secure overwrite feature since that was
   breaking overwriting files in Windows, and fixes a bug preventing
   request's automatic body decompression from working.
 -  0.3.5: Fix compatibility with requests 2.x
 -  0.3.4: Bugfix: close file before renaming it. This fixes an issue on
   Windows. Thanks @smallcode for the fix.
 -  0.3.3: Bugfix for error message when an unreigstered custom matcher
   was used
 -  0.3.2: Fix issue with new config syntax and the ``match_on``
   parameter. Thanks, @chromy!
 -  0.3.1: Fix issue causing full paths to be sent on the HTTP request
   line.
 -  0.3.0: *Backwards incompatible release* - Added support for record
   modes, and changed the default recording behavior to the "once"
   record mode. Please see the documentation on record modes for more.
   Added support for custom request matching, and changed the default
   request matching behavior to match only on the URL and method. Also,
   improved the httplib mocking to add support for the
   ``HTTPConnection.send()`` method. This means that requests won't
   actually be sent until the response is read, since I need to record
   the entire request in order to match up the appropriate response. I
   don't think this should cause any issues unless you are sending
   requests without ever loading the response (which none of the
   standard httplib wrappers do, as far as I know. Thanks to @fatuhoku
   for some of the ideas and the motivation behind this release.
 -  0.2.1: Fixed missing modules in setup.py
 -  0.2.0: Added configuration API, which lets you configure some
   settings on VCR (see the README). Also, VCR no longer saves cassettes
   if they haven't changed at all and supports JSON as well as YAML
   (thanks @sirpengi). Added amazing new skeumorphic logo, thanks
   @hairarrow.
 -  0.1.0: *backwards incompatible release - delete your old cassette
   files*: This release adds the ability to access the cassette to make
   assertions on it, as well as a major code refactor thanks to
   @dlecocq. It also fixes a couple longstanding bugs with redirects and
   HTTPS. [#3 and #4]
 -  0.0.4: If you have libyaml installed, vcrpy will use the c bindings
   instead. Speed up your tests! Thanks @dlecocq
 -  0.0.3: Add support for requests 1.2.3. Support for older versions of
   requests dropped (thanks @vitormazzi and @bryanhelmig)
 -  0.0.2: Add support for requests / urllib3
 -  0.0.1: Initial Release
 License
-------
+=======
 This library uses the MIT license. See `LICENSE.txt <LICENSE.txt>`__ for
 more details
-.. |PyPI| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/vcrpy.svg
+.. |Build Status| image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy.png?branch=master
-   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/vcrpy
+   :target: http://travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy
-.. |Python versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/vcrpy.svg
+.. |Stories in Ready| image:: https://badge.waffle.io/kevin1024/vcrpy.png?label=ready&title=Ready
-   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/vcrpy
+   :target: https://waffle.io/kevin1024/vcrpy
 .. |Build Status| image:: https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/actions/workflows/main.yml/badge.svg
   :target: https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/actions
 .. |Gitter| image:: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
   :alt: Join the chat at https://gitter.im/kevin1024/vcrpy
   :target: https://gitter.im/kevin1024/vcrpy?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
 .. |CodeCov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/kevin1024/vcrpy/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/kevin1024/vcrpy
   :alt: Code Coverage Status
 .. |CodeStyleBlack| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg 
   :target: https://github.com/psf/black
   :alt: Code Style: black
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--- a/docs/advanced.rst
+++ b/docs/advanced.rst
@@ -1,428 +0,0 @@
 Advanced Features
 =================
 If you want, VCR.py can return information about the cassette it is
 using to record your requests and responses. This will let you record
 your requests and responses and make assertions on them, to make sure
 that your code under test is generating the expected requests and
 responses. This feature is not present in Ruby's VCR, but I think it is
 a nice addition. Here's an example:
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    import urllib2
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
        # cass should have 1 request inside it
        assert len(cass) == 1 
        # the request uri should have been http://www.zombo.com/
        assert cass.requests[0].uri == 'http://www.zombo.com/'
 The ``Cassette`` object exposes the following properties which I
 consider part of the API. The fields are as follows:
 -  ``requests``: A list of vcr.Request objects corresponding to the http
   requests that were made during the recording of the cassette. The
   requests appear in the order that they were originally processed.
 -  ``responses``: A list of the responses made.
 -  ``play_count``: The number of times this cassette has played back a
   response.
 -  ``all_played``: A boolean indicating whether all the responses have
   been played back.
 -  ``responses_of(request)``: Access the responses that match a given
   request
 -  ``allow_playback_repeats``: A boolean indicating whether responses
   can be played back more than once.
 The ``Request`` object has the following properties:
 -  ``uri``: The full uri of the request. Example:
   "https://google.com/?q=vcrpy"
 -  ``scheme``: The scheme used to make the request (http or https)
 -  ``host``: The host of the request, for example "www.google.com"
 -  ``port``: The port the request was made on
 -  ``path``: The path of the request. For example "/" or "/home.html"
 -  ``query``: The parsed query string of the request. Sorted list of
   name, value pairs.
 -  ``method`` : The method used to make the request, for example "GET"
   or "POST"
 -  ``body``: The body of the request, usually empty except for POST /
   PUT / etc
 Backwards compatible properties:
 -  ``url``: The ``uri`` alias
 -  ``protocol``: The ``scheme`` alias
 Register your own serializer
 ----------------------------
 Don't like JSON or YAML? That's OK, VCR.py can serialize to any format
 you would like. Create your own module or class instance with 2 methods:
 -  ``def deserialize(cassette_string)``
 -  ``def serialize(cassette_dict)``
 Finally, register your class with VCR to use your new serializer.
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    class BogoSerializer(object):
        """
        Must implement serialize() and deserialize() methods
        """
        pass
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_serializer('bogo', BogoSerializer())
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo', serializer='bogo'):
        # your http here
    # After you register, you can set the default serializer to your new serializer
    my_vcr.serializer = 'bogo'
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo'):
        # your http here
 Register your own request matcher
 ---------------------------------
 Create your own method with the following signature
 .. code:: python
    def my_matcher(r1, r2):
 Your method receives the two requests and can either:
 - Use an ``assert`` statement: return None if they match and raise ``AssertionError`` if not.
 - Return a boolean: ``True`` if they match, ``False`` if not.
 Note: in order to have good feedback when a matcher fails, we recommend using an ``assert`` statement with a clear error message.
 Finally, register your method with VCR to use your new request matcher.
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    def jurassic_matcher(r1, r2):
        assert r1.uri == r2.uri and 'JURASSIC PARK' in r1.body, \
            'required string (JURASSIC PARK) not found in request body'
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_matcher('jurassic', jurassic_matcher)
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', match_on=['jurassic']):
        # your http here
    # After you register, you can set the default match_on to use your new matcher
    my_vcr.match_on = ['jurassic']
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
        # your http here
 Register your own cassette persister
 ------------------------------------
 Create your own persistence class, see the example below:
 Your custom persister must implement both ``load_cassette`` and ``save_cassette``
 methods.  The ``load_cassette`` method must return a deserialized cassette or raise
 ``ValueError`` if no cassette is found.
 Once the persister class is defined, register with VCR like so...
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    class CustomerPersister:
        # implement Persister methods...
    my_vcr.register_persister(CustomPersister)
 Filter sensitive data from the request
 --------------------------------------
 If you are checking your cassettes into source control, and are using
 some form of authentication in your tests, you can filter out that
 information so it won't appear in your cassette files. There are a few
 ways to do this:
 Filter information from HTTP Headers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Use the ``filter_headers`` configuration option with a list of headers
 to filter.
 .. code:: python
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_headers=['authorization']):
        # sensitive HTTP request goes here
 Filter information from HTTP querystring
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Use the ``filter_query_parameters`` configuration option with a list of
 query parameters to filter.
 .. code:: python
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_query_parameters=['api_key']):
        requests.get('http://api.com/getdata?api_key=secretstring')
 Filter information from HTTP post data
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Use the ``filter_post_data_parameters`` configuration option with a list
 of post data parameters to filter.
 .. code:: python
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_post_data_parameters=['client_secret']):
        requests.post('http://api.com/postdata', data={'api_key': 'secretstring'})
 Advanced use of filter_headers, filter_query_parameters and filter_post_data_parameters
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 In all of the above cases, it's also possible to pass a list of ``(key, value)``
 tuples where the value can be any of the following:
 * A new value to replace the original value.
 * ``None`` to remove the key/value pair. (Same as passing a simple key string.)
 * A callable that returns a new value or ``None``.
 So these two calls are the same:
 .. code:: python
    # original (still works)
    vcr = VCR(filter_headers=['authorization'])
    # new
    vcr = VCR(filter_headers=[('authorization', None)])
 Here are two examples of the new functionality:
 .. code:: python
    # replace with a static value (most common)
    vcr = VCR(filter_headers=[('authorization', 'XXXXXX')])
    # replace with a callable, for example when testing
    # lots of different kinds of authorization.
    def replace_auth(key, value, request):
        auth_type = value.split(' ', 1)[0]
        return '{} {}'.format(auth_type, 'XXXXXX')
 Custom Request filtering
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 If none of these covers your request filtering needs, you can register a
 callback with the ``before_record_request`` configuration option to
 manipulate the HTTP request before adding it to the cassette, or return
 ``None`` to ignore it entirely. Here is an example that will never record
 requests to the ``'/login'`` path:
 .. code:: python
    def before_record_cb(request):
        if request.path == '/login':
            return None
        return request
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        before_record_request=before_record_cb,
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
        # your http code here
 You can also mutate the request using this callback. For example, you
 could remove all query parameters from any requests to the ``'/login'``
 path.
 .. code:: python
    def scrub_login_request(request):
        if request.path == '/login':
            request.uri, _ =  urllib.splitquery(request.uri)
        return request
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        before_record_request=scrub_login_request,
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
        # your http code here
 Custom Response Filtering
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can also do response filtering with the
 ``before_record_response`` configuration option. Its usage is
 similar to the above ``before_record_request`` - you can
 mutate the response, or return ``None`` to avoid recording
 the request and response altogether. For example to hide
 sensitive data from the response body:
 .. code:: python
    def scrub_string(string, replacement=''):
        def before_record_response(response):
            response['body']['string'] = response['body']['string'].replace(string, replacement)
            return response
        return before_record_response
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        before_record_response=scrub_string(settings.USERNAME, 'username'),
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
         # your http code here    
 Decode compressed response
 ---------------------------
 When the ``decode_compressed_response`` keyword argument of a ``VCR`` object
 is set to True, VCR will decompress "gzip" and "deflate" response bodies
 before recording. This ensures that these interactions become readable and
 editable after being serialized.
 .. note::
    Decompression is done before any other specified `Custom Response Filtering`_.
 This option should be avoided if the actual decompression of response bodies
 is part of the functionality of the library or app being tested.
 Ignore requests
 ---------------
 If you would like to completely ignore certain requests, you can do it
 in a few ways:
 -  Set the ``ignore_localhost`` option equal to True. This will not
   record any requests sent to (or responses from) localhost, 127.0.0.1,
   or 0.0.0.0.
 -  Set the ``ignore_hosts`` configuration option to a list of hosts to
   ignore
 -  Add a ``before_record_request`` or ``before_record_response`` callback
   that returns ``None`` for requests you want to ignore (see above).
 Requests that are ignored by VCR will not be saved in a cassette, nor
 played back from a cassette. VCR will completely ignore those requests
 as if it didn't notice them at all, and they will continue to hit the
 server as if VCR were not there.
 Custom Patches
 --------------
 If you use a custom ``HTTPConnection`` class, or otherwise make http
 requests in a way that requires additional patching, you can use the
 ``custom_patches`` keyword argument of the ``VCR`` and ``Cassette``
 objects to patch those objects whenever a cassette's context is entered.
 To patch a custom version of ``HTTPConnection`` you can do something
 like this:
 ::
    import where_the_custom_https_connection_lives
    from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
    my_vcr = config.VCR(custom_patches=((where_the_custom_https_connection_lives, 'CustomHTTPSConnection', VCRHTTPSConnection),))
    @my_vcr.use_cassette(...)
 Automatic Cassette Naming
 -------------------------
 VCR.py now allows the omission of the path argument to the use\_cassette
 function. Both of the following are now legal/should work
 .. code:: python
    @my_vcr.use_cassette
    def my_test_function():
        ...
 .. code:: python
    @my_vcr.use_cassette()
    def my_test_function():
        ...
 In both cases, VCR.py will use a path that is generated from the
 provided test function's name. If no ``cassette_library_dir`` has been
 set, the cassette will be in a file with the name of the test function
 in directory of the file in which the test function is declared. If a
 ``cassette_library_dir`` has been set, the cassette will appear in that
 directory in a file with the name of the decorated function.
 It is possible to control the path produced by the automatic naming
 machinery by customizing the ``path_transformer`` and
 ``func_path_generator`` vcr variables. To add an extension to all
 cassette names, use ``VCR.ensure_suffix`` as follows:
 .. code:: python
    my_vcr = VCR(path_transformer=VCR.ensure_suffix('.yaml'))
    @my_vcr.use_cassette
    def my_test_function():
 Rewind Cassette
 ---------------
 VCR.py allows to rewind a cassette in order to replay it inside the same function/test.
 .. code:: python
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
        assert cass.all_played
        cass.rewind()
        assert not cass.all_played
 Playback Repeats
 ----------------
 By default, each response in a cassette can only be matched and played back
 once while the cassette is in use, unless the cassette is rewound.
 If you want to allow playback repeats without rewinding the cassette, use
 the Cassette ``allow_playback_repeats`` option.
 .. code:: python
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml', allow_playback_repeats=True) as cass:
        for x in range(10):
            response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
        assert cass.all_played
 Discards Cassette on Errors
 ---------------------------
 By default VCR will save the cassette file even when there is any error inside
 the enclosing context/test.
 If you want to save the cassette only when the test succeeds, set the Cassette
 ``record_on_exception`` option to ``False``.
 .. code:: python
    try:
        my_vcr = VCR(record_on_exception=False)
        with my_vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
            response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
            raise RuntimeError("Oops, something happened")
    except RuntimeError:
        pass
    # Since there was an exception, the cassette file hasn't been created.
    assert not os.path.exists('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml')
--- a/docs/api.rst
+++ b/docs/api.rst
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
 API
 ===
 :mod:`~vcr.config`
 ------------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.config
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
 :mod:`~vcr.cassette`
 --------------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.cassette
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
 :mod:`~vcr.matchers`
 --------------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.matchers
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
 :mod:`~vcr.filters`
 -------------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.filters
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
 :mod:`~vcr.request`
 -------------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.request
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
 :mod:`~vcr.serialize`
 ---------------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.serialize
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
 :mod:`~vcr.patch`
 -----------------
 .. automodule:: vcr.patch
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
--- a/docs/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/changelog.rst
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
 Changelog
 ---------
 For a full list of triaged issues, bugs and PRs and what release they are targeted for please see the following link.
 `ROADMAP MILESTONES <https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/milestones>`_
 All help in providing PRs to close out bug issues is appreciated. Even if that is providing a repo that fully replicates issues. We have very generous contributors that have added these to bug issues which meant another contributor picked up the bug and closed it out.
 -  4.3.1
    - Support urllib3 v1 and v2.  NOTE: there is an issue running urllib3 v2 on
      Python older than 3.10, so this is currently blocked in the requirements.
      Hopefully we can resolve this situation in the future.  Thanks to @shifqu,
      hartwork, jairhenrique, pquentin, and vEpiphyte for your work on this.
 -  4.3.0
    - Add support for Python 3.11 (Thanks @evgeni)
    - Drop support for botocore <1.11.0 and requests <2.16.2 (thanks @hartwork)
    - Bugfix: decode_compressed_response raises exception on empty responses. Thanks @CharString
    - Don't save requests from decorated tests if decorated test fails (thanks @dan-passaro)
    - Fix not calling all the exit stack when record_on_exception is False (thanks @Terseus)
    - Various CI, documentation, testing, and formatting improvements (Thanks @jairhenrique, @dan-passaro, @hartwork, and Terseus)
 -  4.2.1
    - Fix a bug where the first request in a redirect chain was not being recorded with aiohttp
    - Various typos and small fixes, thanks @jairhenrique, @timgates42
 -  4.2.0
    - Drop support for python < 3.7, thanks @jairhenrique, @IvanMalison, @AthulMuralidhar
    - Various aiohtt bigfixes (thanks @pauloromeira and boechat107)
    - Bugfix: filter_post_data_parameters not working with aiohttp.  Thank you @vprakashplanview, @scop, @jairhenrique, and @cinemascop89
    - Bugfix: Some random misspellings (thanks @scop)
    - Migrate the CI suite to Github Actions from Travis (thanks @jairhenrique and @cclauss)
    - Various documentation and code misspelling fixes (thanks @scop and @Justintime50)
    - Bugfix: httpx support (select between allow_redirects/follow_redirects) (thanks @immerrr)
    - Bugfix: httpx support (select between allow_redirects/follow_redirects) (thanks @immerrr)
 -  4.1.1
    - Fix HTTPX support for versions greater than 0.15 (thanks @jairhenrique)
    - Include a trailing newline on json cassettes (thanks @AaronRobson)
 -  4.1.0
    - Add support for httpx!! (thanks @herdigiorgi)
    - Add the new `allow_playback_repeats` option (thanks @tysonholub)
    - Several aiohttp improvements (cookie support, multiple headers with same key) (Thanks @pauloromeira)
    - Use enums for record modes (thanks @aaronbannin)
    - Bugfix: Do not redirect on 304 in aiohttp (Thanks @royjs)
    - Bugfix: Fix test suite by switching to mockbin (thanks @jairhenrique)
 -  4.0.2
    - Fix mock imports as reported in #504 by @llybin. Thank you.
 -  4.0.1 
    - Fix logo alignment for PyPI 
 -  4.0.0
    - Remove Python2 support (@hugovk)
    - Add Python 3.8 TravisCI support (@neozenith)
    - Updated the logo to a modern material design (@sean0x42)
 -  3.0.0
    - This release is a breaking change as it changes how aiohttp follows redirects and your cassettes may need to be re-recorded with this update.
    - Fix multiple requests being replayed per single request in aiohttp stub #495 (@nickdirienzo)
    - Add support for `request_info` on mocked responses in aiohttp stub #495 (@nickdirienzo)
    - doc: fixed variable name (a -> cass) in an example for rewind #492 (@yarikoptic)
 -  2.1.1 
    - Format code with black (@neozenith)
    - Use latest pypy3 in Travis (@hugovk)
    - Improve documentation about custom matchers (@gward)
    - Fix exception when body is empty (@keithprickett)
    - Add `pytest-recording` to the documentation as an alternative Pytest plugin (@Stranger6667)
    - Fix yarl and python3.5 version issue (@neozenith)
    - Fix header matcher for boto3 - fixes #474 (@simahawk)
 -  2.1.0 
    - Add a `rewind` method to reset a cassette (thanks @khamidou)
    - New error message with more details on why the cassette failed to play a request (thanks @arthurHamon2, @neozenith)
    - Handle connect tunnel URI (thanks @jeking3)
    - Add code coverage to the project (thanks @neozenith)
    - Drop support to python 3.4
    - Add deprecation warning on python 2.7, next major release will drop python 2.7 support
    - Fix build problems on requests tests (thanks to @dunossauro)
    - Fix matching on 'body' failing when Unicode symbols are present in them (thanks @valgur)
    - Fix bugs on aiohttp integration (thanks @graingert, @steinnes, @stj, @lamenezes, @lmazuel)
    - Fix Biopython incompatibility (thanks @rishab121)
    - Fix Boto3 integration (thanks @1oglop1, @arthurHamon2)
 -  2.0.1 
    - Fix bug when using vcrpy with python 3.4
 -  2.0.0 
    - Support python 3.7 (fix httplib2 and urllib2, thanks @felixonmars)
    - [#356] Fixes `before_record_response` so the original response isn't changed (thanks @kgraves)
    - Fix requests stub when using proxy (thanks @samuelfekete @daneoshiga)
    - (only for aiohttp stub) Drop support to python 3.4 asyncio.coroutine (aiohttp doesn't support python it anymore)
    - Fix aiohttp stub to work with aiohttp client (thanks @stj)
    - Fix aiohttp stub to accept content type passed
    - Improve docs (thanks @adamchainz)
 -  1.13.0 
    - Fix support to latest aiohttp version (3.3.2). Fix content-type bug in aiohttp stub. Save URL with query params properly when using aiohttp.
 -  1.12.0 
    - Fix support to latest aiohttp version (3.2.1), Adapted setup to PEP508, Support binary responses on aiohttp, Dropped support for EOL python versions (2.6 and 3.3)
 -  1.11.1 
    - Fix compatibility with newest requests and urllib3 releases
 -  1.11.0 
    - Allow injection of persistence methods + bugfixes (thanks @j-funk and @IvanMalison),
    - Support python 3.6 + CI tests (thanks @derekbekoe and @graingert),
    - Support pytest-asyncio coroutines (thanks @graingert)
 -  1.10.5 
    - Added a fix to httplib2 (thanks @carlosds730), Fix an issue with
    - aiohttp (thanks @madninja), Add missing requirement yarl (thanks @lamenezes),
    - Remove duplicate mock triple (thanks @FooBarQuaxx)
 -  1.10.4 
    - Fix an issue with asyncio aiohttp (thanks @madninja)
 -  1.10.3 
    - Fix some issues with asyncio and params (thanks @anovikov1984 and @lamenezes)
    - Fix some issues with cassette serialize / deserialize and empty response bodies (thanks @gRoussac and @dz0ny)
 -  1.10.2 
    - Fix 1.10.1 release - add aiohttp support back in
 -  1.10.1 
    - [bad release] Fix build for Fedora package + python2 (thanks @puiterwijk and @lamenezes)
 -  1.10.0 
    - Add support for aiohttp (thanks @lamenezes)
 -  1.9.0 
    - Add support for boto3 (thanks @desdm, @foorbarna). 
    - Fix deepcopy issue for response headers when `decode_compressed_response` is enabled (thanks @nickdirienzo)
 -  1.8.0 
    - Fix for Serialization errors with JSON adapter (thanks @aliaksandrb). 
    - Avoid concatenating bytes with strings (thanks @jaysonsantos). 
    - Exclude __pycache__ dirs & compiled files in sdist (thanks @koobs). 
    - Fix Tornado support behavior for Tornado 3 (thanks @abhinav). 
    - decode_compressed_response option and filter (thanks @jayvdb).
 -  1.7.4 [#217] 
    - Make use_cassette decorated functions actually return a value (thanks @bcen). 
    - [#199] Fix path transformation defaults.
    - Better headers dictionary management.
 -  1.7.3 [#188] 
    - ``additional_matchers`` kwarg on ``use_cassette``.
    - [#191] Actually support passing multiple before_record_request functions (thanks @agriffis).
 -  1.7.2 
    - [#186] Get effective_url in tornado (thanks @mvschaik)
    - [#187] Set request_time on Response object in tornado (thanks @abhinav).
 -  1.7.1 
    - [#183] Patch ``fetch_impl`` instead of the entire HTTPClient class for Tornado (thanks @abhinav).
 -  1.7.0 
    - [#177] Properly support coroutine/generator decoration. 
    - [#178] Support distribute (thanks @graingert). [#163] Make compatibility between python2 and python3 recorded cassettes more robust (thanks @gward).
 -  1.6.1 
    - [#169] Support conditional requirements in old versions of pip
    - Fix RST parse errors generated by pandoc
    - [Tornado] Fix unsupported features exception not being raised
    - [#166] content-aware body matcher.
 - 1.6.0
    - [#120] Tornado support (thanks @abhinav)
    - [#147] packaging fixes (thanks @graingert)
    - [#158] allow filtering post params in requests (thanks @MrJohz)
    - [#140] add xmlrpclib support (thanks @Diaoul).
 -  1.5.2
    - Fix crash when cassette path contains cassette library directory (thanks @gazpachoking).
 -  1.5.0
    - Automatic cassette naming and 'application/json' post data filtering (thanks @marco-santamaria).
 -  1.4.2 
    - Fix a bug caused by requests 2.7 and chunked transfer encoding
 -  1.4.1 
    - Include README, tests, LICENSE in package. Thanks @ralphbean.
 -  1.4.0 
    - Filter post data parameters (thanks @eadmundo)
    - Support for posting files through requests, inject\_cassette kwarg to access cassette from ``use_cassette`` decorated function, ``with_current_defaults`` actually works (thanks @samstav).
 -  1.3.0
    - Fix/add support for urllib3 (thanks @aisch)
    - Fix default port  for https (thanks @abhinav).
 -  1.2.0 
    - Add custom\_patches argument to VCR/Cassette objects to allow users to stub custom classes when cassettes become active.
 -  1.1.4
    - Add force reset around calls to actual connection from stubs, to ensure compatibility with the version of httplib/urlib2 in python 2.7.9.
 -  1.1.3
    - Fix python3 headers field (thanks @rtaboada)
    - fix boto test (thanks @telaviv)
    - fix new\_episodes record mode (thanks @jashugan),
    - fix Windows connectionpool stub bug (thanks @gazpachoking)
    - add support for requests 2.5
 -  1.1.2
    - Add urllib==1.7.1 support. 
    - Make json serialize error handling correct
    - Improve logging of match failures.
 -  1.1.1 
    - Use function signature preserving ``wrapt.decorator`` to write the decorator version of use\_cassette in order to ensure compatibility with py.test fixtures and python 2. 
    - Move all request filtering into the ``before_record_callable``.
 -  1.1.0 
    - Add ``before_record_response``. Fix several bugs related to the context management of cassettes.
 -  1.0.3 
    - Fix an issue with requests 2.4 and make sure case sensitivity is consistent across python versions
 -  1.0.2
    - Fix an issue with requests 2.3
 -  1.0.1
    - Fix a bug with the new ignore requests feature and the once record mode
 -  1.0.0 
    - *BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE*: Please see the 'upgrade' section in the README. Take a look at the matcher section as well, you might want to update your ``match_on`` settings. 
    - Add support for filtering sensitive data from requests, matching query strings after the order changes and improving the built-in matchers, (thanks to @mshytikov)
    - Support for ignoring requests to certain hosts, bump supported Python3 version to 3.4, fix some bugs with Boto support (thanks @marusich)
    - Fix error with URL field capitalization in README (thanks @simon-weber)
    - Added some log messages to help with debugging
    - Added ``all_played`` property on cassette (thanks @mshytikov)
 -  0.7.0
    - VCR.py now supports Python 3! (thanks @asundg) 
    - Also I refactored the stub connections quite a bit to add support for the putrequest and putheader calls.
    - This version also adds support for httplib2 (thanks @nilp0inter). 
    - I have added a couple tests for boto since it is an http client in its own right.
    - Finally, this version includes a fix for a bug where requests wasn't being patched properly (thanks @msabramo).
 -  0.6.0
    - Store response headers as a list since a HTTP response can have the same header twice (happens with set-cookie sometimes).
        - This has the added benefit of preserving the order of headers. 
        - Thanks @smallcode for the bug report leading to this change. 
    - I have made an effort to ensure backwards compatibility with the old cassettes' header storage mechanism, but if you want to upgrade to the new header storage, you should delete your cassettes and re-record them.
    - Also this release adds better error messages (thanks @msabramo) 
    - and adds support for using VCR as a decorator (thanks @smallcode for the motivation)
 -  0.5.0
    - Change the ``response_of`` method to ``responses_of`` since cassettes can now contain more than one response for a request. 
        - Since this changes the API, I'm bumping the version. 
    - Also includes 2 bugfixes: 
        - a better error message when attempting to overwrite a cassette file, 
        - and a fix for a bug with requests sessions (thanks @msabramo)
 -  0.4.0
    - Change default request recording behavior for multiple requests.
        - If you make the same request multiple times to the same URL, the response might be different each time (maybe the response has a timestamp in it or something), so this will make the same request multiple times and save them all. 
        - Then, when you are replaying the cassette, the responses will be played back in the same order in which they were received.
        - If you were making multiple requests to the same URL in a cassette before version 0.4.0, you might need to regenerate your cassette files.
        - Also, removes support for the cassette.play\_count counter API, since individual requests aren't unique anymore.
        - A cassette might contain the same request several times.
    - Also removes secure overwrite feature since that was breaking overwriting files in Windows
    - And fixes a bug preventing request's automatic body decompression from working.
 -  0.3.5
    - Fix compatibility with requests 2.x
 -  0.3.4
    - Bugfix: close file before renaming it. This fixes an issue on Windows. Thanks @smallcode for the fix.
 -  0.3.3
    - Bugfix for error message when an unregistered custom matcher was used
 -  0.3.2
    - Fix issue with new config syntax and the ``match_on`` parameter. Thanks, @chromy!
 -  0.3.1
    - Fix issue causing full paths to be sent on the HTTP request line.
 -  0.3.0
    - *Backwards incompatible release*
    - Added support for record modes, and changed the default recording behavior to the "once" record mode. Please see the documentation on record modes for more.
    - Added support for custom request matching, and changed the default request matching behavior to match only on the URL and method. 
    - Also, improved the httplib mocking to add support for the ``HTTPConnection.send()`` method.
        - This means that requests won't actually be sent until the response is read, since I need to record the entire request in order to match up the appropriate response.
        - I don't think this should cause any issues unless you are sending requests without ever loading the response (which none of the standard httplib wrappers do, as far as I know).
    - Thanks to @fatuhoku for some of the ideas and the motivation behind this release.
 -  0.2.1
    - Fixed missing modules in setup.py
 -  0.2.0
    - Added configuration API, which lets you configure some settings on VCR (see the README). 
    - Also, VCR no longer saves cassettes if they haven't changed at all and supports JSON as well as YAML (thanks @sirpengi).
    - Added amazing new skeumorphic logo, thanks @hairarrow.
 -  0.1.0
    - *backwards incompatible release - delete your old cassette files*
    - This release adds the ability to access the cassette to make assertions on it
    - as well as a major code refactor thanks to @dlecocq. 
    - It also fixes a couple longstanding bugs with redirects and HTTPS. [#3 and #4]
 -  0.0.4
    - If you have libyaml installed, vcrpy will use the c bindings instead. Speed up your tests! Thanks @dlecocq
 -  0.0.3
    - Add support for requests 1.2.3. Support for older versions of requests dropped (thanks @vitormazzi and @bryanhelmig)
 -  0.0.2
    - Add support for requests / urllib3
 -  0.0.1
    - Initial Release
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -12,123 +12,98 @@
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
-import codecs
+import sys
 import os
-import re
+import shlex
 here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 def read(*parts):
    # intentionally *not* adding an encoding option to open, See:
    #   https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/201#issuecomment-3145690
    with codecs.open(os.path.join(here, *parts), "r") as fp:
        return fp.read()
 def find_version(*file_paths):
    version_file = read(*file_paths)
    version_match = re.search(r"^__version__ = ['\"]([^'\"]*)['\"]", version_file, re.M)
    if version_match:
        return version_match.group(1)
    raise RuntimeError("Unable to find version string.")
 autodoc_default_options = {
    "members": None,
    "undoc-members": None,
 }
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+#sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
-    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
-    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
    "sphinx.ext.todo",
    "sphinx.ext.githubpages",
 ]
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ["_templates"]
+templates_path = ['_templates']
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = ".rst"
+source_suffix = '.rst'
 # The encoding of source files.
-# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = "index"
+master_doc = 'index'
 # General information about the project.
-project = "vcrpy"
+project = u'vcrpy'
-copyright = "2015, Kevin McCarthy"
+copyright = u'2015, Kevin McCarthy'
-author = "Kevin McCarthy"
+author = u'Kevin McCarthy'
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-#  version = "1.7.4"
+version = '1.7.3'
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-version = release = find_version("..", "vcr", "__init__.py")
+release = '1.7.3'
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = "en"
+language = None
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
-# today = ''
+#today = ''
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
-# default_role = None
+#default_role = None
 # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-# add_function_parentheses = True
+#add_function_parentheses = True
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
 # unit titles (such as .. function::).
-# add_module_names = True
+#add_module_names = True
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
-# show_authors = False
+#show_authors = False
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = "sphinx"
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
-# modindex_common_prefix = []
+#modindex_common_prefix = []
 # If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
-# keep_warnings = False
+#keep_warnings = False
 # If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
 todo_include_todos = False
@@ -136,154 +111,158 @@ todo_include_todos = False
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
-# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
-# https://read-the-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/theme.html#how-do-i-use-this-locally-and-on-read-the-docs
+# a list of builtin themes.
-#  if "READTHEDOCS" not in os.environ:
+html_theme = 'alabaster'
 #      import sphinx_rtd_theme
 #
 #      html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
 #      html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
-# html_theme_options = {}
+#html_theme_options = {}
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
 #html_theme_path = []
 # The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
 # "<project> v<release> documentation".
-# html_title = None
+#html_title = None
 # A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
-# html_short_title = None
+#html_short_title = None
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
-# html_logo = None
+#html_logo = None
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-# html_favicon = None
+#html_favicon = None
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ["_static"]
+html_static_path = ['_static']
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
-# html_extra_path = []
+#html_extra_path = []
 # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
-# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
-# html_use_smartypants = True
+#html_use_smartypants = True
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
-# html_sidebars = {}
+#html_sidebars = {}
 html_sidebars = {"**": ["globaltoc.html", "relations.html", "sourcelink.html", "searchbox.html"]}
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
-# html_additional_pages = {}
+#html_additional_pages = {}
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-# html_domain_indices = True
+#html_domain_indices = True
 # If false, no index is generated.
-# html_use_index = True
+#html_use_index = True
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
-# html_split_index = False
+#html_split_index = False
 # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
-# html_show_sourcelink = True
+#html_show_sourcelink = True
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-# html_show_sphinx = True
+#html_show_sphinx = True
 # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-# html_show_copyright = True
+#html_show_copyright = True
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-# html_use_opensearch = ''
+#html_use_opensearch = ''
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
-# html_file_suffix = None
+#html_file_suffix = None
 # Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
 # Sphinx supports the following languages:
 #   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
 #   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
-# html_search_language = 'en'
+#html_search_language = 'en'
 # A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
 # Now only 'ja' uses this config value
-# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
+#html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
 # The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
 # implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
-# html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
+#html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = "vcrpydoc"
+htmlhelp_basename = 'vcrpydoc'
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 latex_elements = {
-    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+
-    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+#'pointsize': '10pt',
-    # 'preamble': '',
+
-    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+#'preamble': '',
 # Latex figure (float) alignment
 #'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, "vcrpy.tex", "vcrpy Documentation", "Kevin McCarthy", "manual"),
+  (master_doc, 'vcrpy.tex', u'vcrpy Documentation',
   u'Kevin McCarthy', 'manual'),
 ]
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
-# latex_logo = None
+#latex_logo = None
 # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
 # not chapters.
-# latex_use_parts = False
+#latex_use_parts = False
 # If true, show page references after internal links.
-# latex_show_pagerefs = False
+#latex_show_pagerefs = False
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-# latex_show_urls = False
+#latex_show_urls = False
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-# latex_appendices = []
+#latex_appendices = []
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-# latex_domain_indices = True
+#latex_domain_indices = True
 # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [(master_doc, "vcrpy", "vcrpy Documentation", [author], 1)]
+man_pages = [
    (master_doc, 'vcrpy', u'vcrpy Documentation',
     [author], 1)
 ]
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-# man_show_urls = False
+#man_show_urls = False
 # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
@@ -292,30 +271,23 @@ man_pages = [(master_doc, "vcrpy", "vcrpy Documentation", [author], 1)]
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-    (
+  (master_doc, 'vcrpy', u'vcrpy Documentation',
-        master_doc,
+   author, 'vcrpy', 'One line description of project.',
-        "vcrpy",
+   'Miscellaneous'),
        "vcrpy Documentation",
        author,
        "vcrpy",
        "One line description of project.",
        "Miscellaneous",
    ),
 ]
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-# texinfo_appendices = []
+#texinfo_appendices = []
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-# texinfo_domain_indices = True
+#texinfo_domain_indices = True
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
-# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
-intersphinx_mapping = {"https://docs.python.org/": None}
+intersphinx_mapping = {'https://docs.python.org/': None}
 html_theme = "alabaster"
--- a/docs/configuration.rst
+++ b/docs/configuration.rst
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
 Configuration
 =============
 If you don't like VCR's defaults, you can set options by instantiating a
 ``VCR`` class and setting the options on it.
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
        serializer='json',
        cassette_library_dir='fixtures/cassettes',
        record_mode='once',
        match_on=['uri', 'method'],
    )
    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json'):
        # your http code here
 Otherwise, you can override options each time you use a cassette.
 .. code:: python
    with vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', serializer='json', record_mode='once'):
        # your http code here
 Note: Per-cassette overrides take precedence over the global config.
 Request matching
 ----------------
 Request matching is configurable and allows you to change which requests
 VCR considers identical. The default behavior is
 ``['method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query']`` which means
 that requests with both the same URL and method (ie POST or GET) are
 considered identical.
 This can be configured by changing the ``match_on`` setting.
 The following options are available :
 -  method (for example, POST or GET)
 -  uri (the full URI)
 -  scheme (for example, HTTP or HTTPS)
 -  host (the hostname of the server receiving the request)
 -  port (the port of the server receiving the request)
 -  path (the path of the request)
 -  query (the query string of the request)
 -  raw\_body (the entire request body as is)
 -  body (the entire request body unmarshalled by content-type
   i.e. xmlrpc, json, form-urlencoded, falling back on raw\_body)
 -  headers (the headers of the request)
   Backwards compatible matchers:
 -  url (the ``uri`` alias)
 If these options don't work for you, you can also register your own
 request matcher. This is described in the Advanced section of this
 README.
--- a/docs/contributing.rst
+++ b/docs/contributing.rst
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
 Contributing
 ============
 .. image:: _static/vcr.svg
   :alt: vcr.py logo
   :align: right
 🚀 Milestones
 --------------
 For anyone interested in the roadmap and projected release milestones please see the following link:
 `MILESTONES <https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/milestones>`_
 ----
 🎁 Contributing Issues and PRs
 -------------------------------
 - Issues and PRs will get triaged and assigned to the appropriate milestone.
 - PRs get priority over issues.
 - The maintainers have limited bandwidth and do so **voluntarily**.
 So whilst reporting issues are valuable, please consider:
 - contributing an issue with a toy repo that replicates the issue.
 - contributing PRs is a more valuable donation of your time and effort.
 Thanks again for your interest and support in VCRpy. 
 We really appreciate it.
 ----
 👥 Collaborators
 -----------------
 We also have a large test matrix to cover and would like members to volunteer covering these roles.
 ============ ==================== ================= ================== ======================
 **Library**  **Issue Triager(s)** **Maintainer(s)** **PR Reviewer(s)** **Release Manager(s)**
 ------------ -------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------------------
 ``core``     Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
 ``requests`` @neozenith           Needs support     @neozenith         @neozenith
 ``aiohttp``  Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
 ``urllib3``  Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
 ``httplib2`` Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
 ``tornado4`` Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
 ``boto3``    Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
 ============ ==================== ================= ================== ======================
 Role Descriptions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 **Issue Triager:**
 Simply adding these three labels for incoming issues means a lot for maintaining this project:
 -  ``bug`` or ``enhancement``
 - Which library does it affect? ``core``, ``aiohttp``, ``requests``, ``urllib3``, ``tornado4``, ``httplib2``
 - If it is a bug, is it ``Verified Can Replicate`` or ``Requires Help Replicating``
 - Thanking people for raising issues. Feedback is always appreciated.
 - Politely asking if they are able to link to an example repo that replicates the issue if they haven't already. Being able to *clone and go* helps the next person and we like that. 😃 
 **Maintainer:**
 This involves creating PRs to address bugs and enhancement requests. It also means maintaining the test suite, docstrings and documentation .
 **PR Reviewer:**
 The PR reviewer is a second set of eyes to see if:
 - Are there tests covering the code paths added/modified?
 - Do the tests and modifications make sense seem appropriate?
 - Add specific feedback, even on approvals, why it is accepted. eg "I like how you use a context manager there. 😄 " 
 - Also make sure they add a line to `docs/changelog.rst` to claim credit for their contribution.
 **Release Manager:**
 - Ensure CI is passing.
 - Create a release on github and tag it with the changelog release notes.
 - ``python setup.py build sdist bdist_wheel``
 - ``twine upload dist/*``
 - Go to ReadTheDocs build page and trigger a build https://readthedocs.org/projects/vcrpy/builds/
 ----
 Running VCR's test suite
 ------------------------
 The tests are all run automatically on `Travis
 CI <https://travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy>`__, but you can also run them
 yourself using `pytest <http://pytest.org/>`__ and
 `Tox <http://tox.testrun.org/>`__. 
 Tox will automatically run them in all environments VCR.py supports if they are available on your `PATH`. Alternatively you can use `tox-pyenv <https://pypi.org/project/tox-pyenv/>`_ with 
 `pyenv <https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv>`_. 
 We recommend you read the documentation for each and see the section further below.
 The test suite is pretty big and slow, but you can tell tox to only run specific tests like this::
    tox -e {pyNN}-{HTTP_LIBRARY} -- <pytest flags passed through>
    tox -e py37-requests -- -v -k "'test_status_code or test_gzip'"
    tox -e py37-requests -- -v --last-failed
 This will run only tests that look like ``test_status_code`` or
 ``test_gzip`` in the test suite, and only in the python 3.7 environment
 that has ``requests`` installed.
 Also, in order for the boto tests to run, you will need an AWS key.
 Refer to the `boto
 documentation <https://boto.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html>`__
 for how to set this up. I have marked the boto tests as optional in
 Travis so you don't have to worry about them failing if you submit a
 pull request.
 Using PyEnv with VCR's test suite
 ---------------------------------
 PyEnv is a tool for managing multiple installation of python on your system.
 See the full documentation at their `github <https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv>`_ 
 but we are also going to use `tox-pyenv <https://pypi.org/project/tox-pyenv/>`_ 
 in this example::
    git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv ~/.pyenv
    # Add ~/.pyenv/bin to your PATH
    export PATH="$PATH:~/.pyenv/bin"
    # Setup shim paths
    eval "$(pyenv init -)"
    # Setup your local system tox tooling
    pip install tox tox-pyenv
    # Install supported versions (at time of writing), this does not activate them
    pyenv install 3.7.5 3.8.0 pypy3.8
    # This activates them
    pyenv local 3.7.5 3.8.0 pypy3.8
    # Run the whole test suite
    tox
    # Run the whole test suite or just part of it
    tox -e lint
    tox -e py37-requests
 Troubleshooting on MacOSX
 -------------------------
 If you have this kind of error when running tox :
 .. code:: python
    __main__.ConfigurationError: Curl is configured to use SSL, but we have
    not been able to determine which SSL backend it is using. Please see PycURL documentation for how to specify the SSL backend manually.
 Then you need to define some environment variables:
 .. code:: bash
    export PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl
    export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
    export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
 Reference : `stackoverflow issue <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51019622/curl-is-configured-to-use-ssl-but-we-have-not-been-able-to-determine-which-ssl>`__
--- a/docs/debugging.rst
+++ b/docs/debugging.rst
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
 Debugging
 =========
 VCR.py has a few log messages you can turn on to help you figure out if
 HTTP requests are hitting a real server or not. You can turn them on
 like this:
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    import requests
    import logging
    logging.basicConfig() # you need to initialize logging, otherwise you will not see anything from vcrpy
    vcr_log = logging.getLogger("vcr")
    vcr_log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    with vcr.use_cassette('headers.yml'):
        requests.get('http://httpbin.org/headers')
 The first time you run this, you will see::
    INFO:vcr.stubs:<Request (GET) http://httpbin.org/headers> not in cassette, sending to real server
 The second time, you will see::
    INFO:vcr.stubs:Playing response for <Request (GET) http://httpbin.org/headers> from cassette
 If you set the loglevel to DEBUG, you will also get information about
 which matchers didn't match. This can help you with debugging custom
 matchers.
 CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
 ----------------------------------------
 When a request failed to be found in an existing cassette,
 VCR.py tries to get the request(s) that may be similar to the one being searched.
 The goal is to see which matcher(s) failed and understand what part of the failed request may have changed.
 It can return multiple similar requests with :
 - the matchers that have succeeded
 - the matchers that have failed
 - for each failed matchers, why it has failed with an assertion message
 CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException message example :
 .. code::
    CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException: Can't overwrite existing cassette ('cassette.yaml') in your current record mode ('once').
    No match for the request (<Request (GET) https://www.googleapis.com/?alt=json&maxResults=200>) was found.
    Found 1 similar requests with 1 different matchers :
    1 - (<Request (GET) https://www.googleapis.com/?alt=json&maxResults=500>).
    Matchers succeeded : ['method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path']
    Matchers failed :
    query - assertion failure :
    [('alt', 'json'), ('maxResults', '200')] != [('alt', 'json'), ('maxResults', '500')]
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -1,25 +1,19 @@
-.. include:: ../README.rst
+vcrpy
 =====
-Contents
+Contents:
 ========
 .. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 3
+   :maxdepth: 2
   vcr
   installation
   usage
   configuration
   advanced
   api
   debugging
   contributing
   changelog
 ==================
 Indices and tables
 ==================
 * :ref:`genindex`
 * :ref:`modindex`
 * :ref:`search`
--- a/docs/installation.rst
+++ b/docs/installation.rst
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
 Installation
 ============
 VCR.py is a package on `PyPI <https://pypi.python.org>`__, so you can install
 with pip::
    pip install vcrpy
 Compatibility
 -------------
 VCR.py supports Python 3.7+, and `pypy <http://pypy.org>`__.
 The following HTTP libraries are supported:
 -  ``aiohttp``
 -  ``boto``
 -  ``boto3``
 -  ``http.client``
 -  ``httplib2``
 -  ``requests`` (both 1.x and 2.x versions)
 -  ``tornado.httpclient``
 -  ``urllib2``
 -  ``urllib3``
 -  ``httpx``
 Speed
 -----
 VCR.py runs about 10x faster when `pyyaml <http://pyyaml.org>`__ can use the
 `libyaml extensions <http://pyyaml.org/wiki/LibYAML>`__. In order for this to
 work, libyaml needs to be available when pyyaml is built. Additionally the flag
 is cached by pip, so you might need to explicitly avoid the cache when
 rebuilding pyyaml.
 1. Test if pyyaml is built with libyaml. This should work::
     python -c 'from yaml import CLoader'
 2. Install libyaml according to your Linux distribution, or using `Homebrew
   <http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/>`__ on Mac::
     brew install libyaml         # Mac with Homebrew
     apt-get install libyaml-dev  # Ubuntu
     dnf install libyaml-devel      # Fedora
 3. Rebuild pyyaml with libyaml::
     pip uninstall pyyaml
     pip --no-cache-dir install pyyaml
 Upgrade
 -------
 New Cassette Format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The cassette format has changed in *VCR.py 1.x*, the *VCR.py 0.x*
 cassettes cannot be used with *VCR.py 1.x*. The easiest way to upgrade
 is to simply delete your cassettes and re-record all of them. VCR.py
 also provides a migration script that attempts to upgrade your 0.x
 cassettes to the new 1.x format. To use it, run the following command::
    python -m vcr.migration PATH
 The PATH can be either a path to the directory with cassettes or the
 path to a single cassette.
 *Note*: Back up your cassettes files before migration. The migration
 *should* only modify cassettes using the old 0.x format.
 New serializer / deserializer API
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 If you made a custom serializer, you will need to update it to match the
 new API in version 1.0.x
 -  Serializers now take dicts and return strings.
 -  Deserializers take strings and return dicts (instead of requests,
   responses pair)
 Ruby VCR compatibility
 ----------------------
 VCR.py does not aim to match the format of the Ruby VCR YAML files.
 Cassettes generated by Ruby's VCR are not compatible with VCR.py.
--- a/docs/usage.rst
+++ b/docs/usage.rst
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
 Usage
 =====
 .. code:: python
    import vcr
    import urllib
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
        response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert 'Example domains' in response
 Run this test once, and VCR.py will record the HTTP request to
 ``fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml``. Run it again, and VCR.py will
 replay the response from iana.org when the http request is made. This
 test is now fast (no real HTTP requests are made anymore), deterministic
 (the test will continue to pass, even if you are offline, or iana.org
 goes down for maintenance) and accurate (the response will contain the
 same headers and body you get from a real request).
 You can also use VCR.py as a decorator. The same request above would
 look like this:
 .. code:: python
    @vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml')
    def test_iana():
        response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert 'Example domains' in response
 When using the decorator version of ``use_cassette``, it is possible to
 omit the path to the cassette file.
 .. code:: python
    @vcr.use_cassette()
    def test_iana():
        response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert 'Example domains' in response
 In this case, the cassette file will be given the same name as the test
 function, and it will be placed in the same directory as the file in
 which the test is defined. See the Automatic Test Naming section below
 for more details.
 Record Modes
 ------------
 VCR supports 4 record modes (with the same behavior as Ruby's VCR):
 once
 ~~~~
 -  Replay previously recorded interactions.
 -  Record new interactions if there is no cassette file.
 -  Cause an error to be raised for new requests if there is a cassette
   file.
 It is similar to the new\_episodes record mode, but will prevent new,
 unexpected requests from being made (e.g. because the request URI
 changed).
 once is the default record mode, used when you do not set one.
 new\_episodes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 -  Record new interactions.
 -  Replay previously recorded interactions. It is similar to the once
   record mode, but will always record new interactions, even if you
   have an existing recorded one that is similar, but not identical.
 This was the default behavior in versions < 0.3.0
 none
 ~~~~
 -  Replay previously recorded interactions.
 -  Cause an error to be raised for any new requests. This is useful when
   your code makes potentially dangerous HTTP requests. The none record
   mode guarantees that no new HTTP requests will be made.
 all
 ~~~
 -  Record new interactions.
 -  Never replay previously recorded interactions. This can be
   temporarily used to force VCR to re-record a cassette (i.e. to ensure
   the responses are not out of date) or can be used when you simply
   want to log all HTTP requests.
 Unittest Integration
 --------------------
 While it's possible to use the context manager or decorator forms with unittest,
 there's also a ``VCRTestCase`` provided separately by `vcrpy-unittest
 <https://github.com/agriffis/vcrpy-unittest>`__.
 Pytest Integration
 ------------------
 A Pytest plugin is available here : `pytest-vcr
 <https://github.com/ktosiek/pytest-vcr>`__.
 Alternative plugin, that also provides network access blocking: `pytest-recording
 <https://github.com/kiwicom/pytest-recording>`__.
--- a/docs/vcr.rst
+++ b/docs/vcr.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
 :mod:`~vcr.config`
 =================
 .. automodule:: vcr.config
   :members:
   :special-members: __init__
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 [tool.black]
 line-length=110
 [tool.isort]
 line_length = 110
 known_first_party = "vcrpy"
 multi_line_output = 3
 use_parentheses = true
 include_trailing_comma = true
--- a/runtests.sh
+++ b/runtests.sh
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # https://blog.ionelmc.ro/2015/04/14/tox-tricks-and-patterns/#when-it-inevitably-leads-to-shell-scripts
 # If you are getting an INVOCATION ERROR for this script then there is 
 # a good chance you are running on Windows.
 # You can and should use WSL for running tox on Windows when it calls bash scripts.
 REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=`python -m pytest_httpbin.certs` pytest $*
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,34 +1,17 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import logging
-from setuptools import find_packages, setup
+from setuptools import setup, find_packages
 from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
 import pkg_resources
-long_description = open("README.rst", "r").read()
+long_description = open('README.rst', 'r').read()
 here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 def read(*parts):
    # intentionally *not* adding an encoding option to open, See:
    #   https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/201#issuecomment-3145690
    with codecs.open(os.path.join(here, *parts), "r") as fp:
        return fp.read()
 def find_version(*file_paths):
    version_file = read(*file_paths)
    version_match = re.search(r"^__version__ = ['\"]([^'\"]*)['\"]", version_file, re.M)
    if version_match:
        return version_match.group(1)
    raise RuntimeError("Unable to find version string.")
 class PyTest(TestCommand):
    def finalize_options(self):
        TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
        self.test_args = []
@@ -37,74 +20,60 @@ class PyTest(TestCommand):
    def run_tests(self):
        # import here, cause outside the eggs aren't loaded
        import pytest
        errno = pytest.main(self.test_args)
        sys.exit(errno)
-install_requires = [
+install_requires = ['PyYAML', 'wrapt', 'six>=1.5']
-    "PyYAML",
+
-    "wrapt",
+
-    "six>=1.5",
+extras_require = {
-    "yarl",
+    ':python_version in "2.4, 2.5, 2.6"':
-    # Support for urllib3 >=2 needs Python >=3.10
+        ['contextlib2', 'backport_collections', 'mock'],
-    # so we need to block urllib3 >=2 for Python <3.10 for now.
+    ':python_version in "2.7, 3.1, 3.2"': ['contextlib2', 'mock'],
-    # Note that vcrpy would work fine without any urllib3 around,
+}
-    # so this block and the dependency can be dropped at some point
+
-    # in the future. For more Details:
+
-    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/699#issuecomment-1551439663
+try:
-    "urllib3 <2; python_version <'3.10'",
+    if 'bdist_wheel' not in sys.argv:
-]
+        for key, value in extras_require.items():
            if key.startswith(':') and pkg_resources.evaluate_marker(key[1:]):
                install_requires.extend(value)
 except Exception:
    logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
        'Something went wrong calculating platform specific dependencies, so '
        "you're getting them all!"
    )
    for key, value in extras_require.items():
        if key.startswith(':'):
            install_requires.extend(value)
 tests_require = [
    "aiohttp",
    "boto3",
    "httplib2",
    "httpx",
    "pytest",
    "pytest-aiohttp",
    "pytest-httpbin",
    "requests",
    "tornado",
    # Needed to un-break httpbin 0.7.0. For httpbin >=0.7.1 and after,
    # this pin and the dependency itself can be removed, provided
    # that the related bug in httpbin has been fixed:
    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/645#issuecomment-1562489489
    # https://github.com/postmanlabs/httpbin/issues/673
    # https://github.com/postmanlabs/httpbin/pull/674
    "Werkzeug==2.0.3",
 ]
 setup(
-    name="vcrpy",
+    name='vcrpy',
-    version=find_version("vcr", "__init__.py"),
+    version='1.7.4',
-    description=("Automatically mock your HTTP interactions to simplify and speed up testing"),
+    description=(
        "Automatically mock your HTTP interactions to simplify and "
        "speed up testing"
    ),
    long_description=long_description,
-    long_description_content_type="text/x-rst",
+    author='Kevin McCarthy',
-    author="Kevin McCarthy",
+    author_email='me@kevinmccarthy.org',
-    author_email="me@kevinmccarthy.org",
+    url='https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy',
-    url="https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy",
+    packages=find_packages(exclude=("tests*",)),
    packages=find_packages(exclude=["tests*"]),
    python_requires=">=3.7",
    install_requires=install_requires,
-    license="MIT",
+    extras_require=extras_require,
-    tests_require=tests_require,
+    license='MIT',
    tests_require=['pytest', 'mock', 'pytest-localserver'],
    cmdclass={'test': PyTest},
    classifiers=[
-        "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
-        "Environment :: Console",
+        'Environment :: Console',
-        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        "Programming Language :: Python",
+        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
+        'Topic :: Software Development :: Testing',
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+        'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    ]
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
        "Topic :: Software Development :: Testing",
        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    ],
 )
--- a/tests/assertions.py
+++ b/tests/assertions.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass):
 def assert_is_json(a_string):
    try:
-        json.loads(a_string.decode("utf-8"))
+        json.loads(a_string.decode('utf-8'))
    except Exception:
        assert False
    assert True
--- a/tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ interactions:
    method: GET
    uri: http://httpbin.org/ip
  response:
-    body: {string: "{\n  \"origin\": \"217.122.164.194\"\n}"}
+    body: {string: !!python/unicode "{\n  \"origin\": \"217.122.164.194\"\n}"}
    headers:
      access-control-allow-origin: ['*']
      content-type: [application/json]
--- a/tests/integration/aiohttp_utils.py
+++ b/tests/integration/aiohttp_utils.py
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
 # flake8: noqa
 import asyncio
 import aiohttp
 async def aiohttp_request(loop, method, url, output="text", encoding="utf-8", content_type=None, **kwargs):
    session = aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop)
    response_ctx = session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
    response = await response_ctx.__aenter__()
    if output == "text":
        content = await response.text()
    elif output == "json":
        content_type = content_type or "application/json"
        content = await response.json(encoding=encoding, content_type=content_type)
    elif output == "raw":
        content = await response.read()
    elif output == "stream":
        content = await response.content.read()
    response_ctx._resp.close()
    await session.close()
    return response, content
 def aiohttp_app():
    async def hello(request):
        return aiohttp.web.Response(text="hello")
    async def json(request):
        return aiohttp.web.json_response({})
    async def json_empty_body(request):
        return aiohttp.web.json_response()
    app = aiohttp.web.Application()
    app.router.add_get("/", hello)
    app.router.add_get("/json", json)
    app.router.add_get("/json/empty", json_empty_body)
    return app
--- a/tests/integration/cassettes/test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml
+++ b/tests/integration/cassettes/test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
 interactions:
 - request:
    body: ''
    headers:
      accept:
      - '*/*'
      accept-encoding:
      - gzip, deflate, br
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      host:
      - httpbin.org
      user-agent:
      - python-httpx/0.12.1
    method: GET
    uri: https://mockbin.org/headers
  response:
    content: "{\n  \"headers\": {\n    \"Accept\": \"*/*\", \n    \"Accept-Encoding\"\
      : \"gzip, deflate, br\", \n    \"Host\": \"httpbin.org\", \n    \"User-Agent\"\
      : \"python-httpx/0.12.1\", \n    \"X-Amzn-Trace-Id\": \"Root=1-5ea778c9-ea76170da792abdbf7614067\"\
      \n  }\n}\n"
    headers:
      access-control-allow-credentials:
      - 'true'
      access-control-allow-origin:
      - '*'
      connection:
      - keep-alive
      content-length:
      - '226'
      content-type:
      - application/json
      date:
      - Tue, 28 Apr 2020 00:28:57 GMT
      server:
      - gunicorn/19.9.0
      via:
      - my_own_proxy
    http_version: HTTP/1.1
    status_code: 200
 version: 1
--- a/tests/integration/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/integration/conftest.py
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
 import os
 import ssl
 import pytest
@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
 def scheme(request):
    """Fixture that returns both http and https."""
    return request.param
@pytest.fixture
 def mockbin(scheme):
    return scheme + "://mockbin.org"
@pytest.fixture
 def mockbin_request_url(mockbin):
    return mockbin + "/request"
@pytest.fixture
 def httpbin_ssl_context():
    ssl_ca_location = os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"]
    ssl_cert_location = os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"].replace("cacert.pem", "cert.pem")
    ssl_key_location = os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"].replace("cacert.pem", "key.pem")
    ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=ssl_ca_location)
    ssl_context.load_cert_chain(ssl_cert_location, ssl_key_location)
    return ssl_context
--- a/tests/integration/test_aiohttp.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_aiohttp.py
@@ -1,420 +0,0 @@
 import contextlib
 import logging
 import urllib.parse
 import pytest
 asyncio = pytest.importorskip("asyncio")
 aiohttp = pytest.importorskip("aiohttp")
 import vcr  # noqa: E402
 from .aiohttp_utils import aiohttp_app, aiohttp_request  # noqa: E402
 def run_in_loop(fn):
    with contextlib.closing(asyncio.new_event_loop()) as loop:
        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
        task = loop.create_task(fn(loop))
        return loop.run_until_complete(task)
 def request(method, url, output="text", **kwargs):
    def run(loop):
        return aiohttp_request(loop, method, url, output=output, **kwargs)
    return run_in_loop(run)
 def get(url, output="text", **kwargs):
    return request("GET", url, output=output, **kwargs)
 def post(url, output="text", **kwargs):
    return request("POST", url, output="text", **kwargs)
 def test_status(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))):
        response, _ = get(url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
        assert cassette_response.status == response.status
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
@pytest.mark.parametrize("auth", [None, aiohttp.BasicAuth("vcrpy", "test")])
 def test_headers(tmpdir, auth, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
        response, _ = get(url, auth=auth)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))) as cassette:
        if auth is not None:
            request = cassette.requests[0]
            assert "AUTHORIZATION" in request.headers
        cassette_response, _ = get(url, auth=auth)
        assert dict(cassette_response.headers) == dict(response.headers)
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
        assert "istr" not in cassette.data[0]
        assert "yarl.URL" not in cassette.data[0]
 def test_case_insensitive_headers(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))):
        _, _ = get(url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
        assert "Content-Type" in cassette_response.headers
        assert "content-type" in cassette_response.headers
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_text(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))):
        _, response_text = get(url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_response_text = get(url)
        assert cassette_response_text == response_text
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_json(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))):
        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_binary(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url + "/image/png"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("binary.yaml"))):
        _, response_binary = get(url, output="raw")
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("binary.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_response_binary = get(url, output="raw")
        assert cassette_response_binary == response_binary
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_stream(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("stream.yaml"))):
        _, body = get(url, output="raw")  # Do not use stream here, as the stream is exhausted by vcr
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("stream.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_body = get(url, output="stream")
        assert cassette_body == body
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
@pytest.mark.parametrize("body", ["data", "json"])
 def test_post(tmpdir, body, caplog, mockbin_request_url):
    caplog.set_level(logging.INFO)
    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post.yaml"))):
        _, response_json = post(url, **{body: data})
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post.yaml"))) as cassette:
        request = cassette.requests[0]
        assert request.body == data
        _, cassette_response_json = post(url, **{body: data})
        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
    assert next(
        (
            log
            for log in caplog.records
            if log.getMessage() == "<Request (POST) {}> not in cassette, sending to real server".format(url)
        ),
        None,
    ), "Log message not found."
 def test_params(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url + "?d=d"
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    params = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": "c"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
        assert response_json["queryString"] == {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "c", "d": "d"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_params_same_url_distinct_params(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    params = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": "c"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
    other_params = {"other": "params"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
            get(url, output="text", params=other_params)
 def test_params_on_url(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    url = mockbin_request_url + "?a=1&b=foo"
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
        request = cassette.requests[0]
        assert request.url == url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
        request = cassette.requests[0]
        assert request.url == url
        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_aiohttp_test_client(aiohttp_client, tmpdir):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    app = aiohttp_app()
    url = "/"
    client = loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))):
        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
    assert response.status == 200
    response_text = loop.run_until_complete(response.text())
    assert response_text == "hello"
    response_text = loop.run_until_complete(response.text(errors="replace"))
    assert response_text == "hello"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
    request = cassette.requests[0]
    assert request.url == str(client.make_url(url))
    response_text = loop.run_until_complete(response.text())
    assert response_text == "hello"
    assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_aiohttp_test_client_json(aiohttp_client, tmpdir):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    app = aiohttp_app()
    url = "/json/empty"
    client = loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))):
        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
    assert response.status == 200
    response_json = loop.run_until_complete(response.json())
    assert response_json is None
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
    request = cassette.requests[0]
    assert request.url == str(client.make_url(url))
    response_json = loop.run_until_complete(response.json())
    assert response_json is None
    assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_redirect(tmpdir, mockbin):
    url = mockbin + "/redirect/302/2"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("redirect.yaml"))):
        response, _ = get(url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("redirect.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
        assert cassette_response.status == response.status
        assert len(cassette_response.history) == len(response.history)
        assert len(cassette) == 3
        assert cassette.play_count == 3
    # Assert that the real response and the cassette response have a similar
    # looking request_info.
    assert cassette_response.request_info.url == response.request_info.url
    assert cassette_response.request_info.method == response.request_info.method
    assert {k: v for k, v in cassette_response.request_info.headers.items()} == {
        k: v for k, v in response.request_info.headers.items()
    }
    assert cassette_response.request_info.real_url == response.request_info.real_url
 def test_not_modified(tmpdir, mockbin):
    """It doesn't try to redirect on 304"""
    url = mockbin + "/status/304"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("not_modified.yaml"))):
        response, _ = get(url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("not_modified.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
        assert cassette_response.status == 304
        assert response.status == 304
        assert len(cassette_response.history) == len(response.history)
        assert len(cassette) == 1
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_double_requests(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    """We should capture, record, and replay all requests and response chains,
    even if there are duplicate ones.
    We should replay in the order we saw them.
    """
    url = mockbin_request_url
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))):
        _, response_text1 = get(url, output="text")
        _, response_text2 = get(url, output="text")
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))) as cassette:
        resp, cassette_response_text = get(url, output="text")
        assert resp.status == 200
        assert cassette_response_text == response_text1
        # We made only one request, so we should only play 1 recording.
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
        # Now make the second test to url
        resp, cassette_response_text = get(url, output="text")
        assert resp.status == 200
        assert cassette_response_text == response_text2
        # Now that we made both requests, we should have played both.
        assert cassette.play_count == 2
 def test_cookies(httpbin_both, httpbin_ssl_context, tmpdir):
    async def run(loop):
        cookies_url = httpbin_both.url + (
            "/response-headers?"
            "set-cookie=" + urllib.parse.quote("cookie_1=val_1; Path=/") + "&"
            "Set-Cookie=" + urllib.parse.quote("Cookie_2=Val_2; Path=/")
        )
        home_url = httpbin_both.url + "/"
        tmp = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yaml"))
        req_cookies = {"Cookie_3": "Val_3"}
        req_headers = {"Cookie": "Cookie_4=Val_4"}
        # ------------------------- Record -------------------------- #
        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp) as cassette:
            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
                home_resp = await session.get(
                    home_url, cookies=req_cookies, headers=req_headers, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context
                )
                assert cassette.play_count == 0
        assert_responses(cookies_resp, home_resp)
        # -------------------------- Play --------------------------- #
        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cassette:
            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
                home_resp = await session.get(
                    home_url, cookies=req_cookies, headers=req_headers, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context
                )
                assert cassette.play_count == 2
        assert_responses(cookies_resp, home_resp)
    def assert_responses(cookies_resp, home_resp):
        assert cookies_resp.cookies.get("cookie_1").value == "val_1"
        assert cookies_resp.cookies.get("Cookie_2").value == "Val_2"
        request_cookies = home_resp.request_info.headers["cookie"]
        assert "cookie_1=val_1" in request_cookies
        assert "Cookie_2=Val_2" in request_cookies
        assert "Cookie_3=Val_3" in request_cookies
        assert "Cookie_4=Val_4" in request_cookies
    run_in_loop(run)
 def test_cookies_redirect(httpbin_both, httpbin_ssl_context, tmpdir):
    async def run(loop):
        # Sets cookie as provided by the query string and redirects
        cookies_url = httpbin_both.url + "/cookies/set?Cookie_1=Val_1"
        tmp = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yaml"))
        # ------------------------- Record -------------------------- #
        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp) as cassette:
            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
                assert not cookies_resp.cookies
                cookies = session.cookie_jar.filter_cookies(cookies_url)
                assert cookies["Cookie_1"].value == "Val_1"
                assert cassette.play_count == 0
            cassette.requests[1].headers["Cookie"] == "Cookie_1=Val_1"
        # -------------------------- Play --------------------------- #
        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cassette:
            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
                assert not cookies_resp.cookies
                cookies = session.cookie_jar.filter_cookies(cookies_url)
                assert cookies["Cookie_1"].value == "Val_1"
                assert cassette.play_count == 2
            cassette.requests[1].headers["Cookie"] == "Cookie_1=Val_1"
        # Assert that it's ignoring expiration date
        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cassette:
            cassette.responses[0]["headers"]["set-cookie"] = [
                "Cookie_1=Val_1; Expires=Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT"
            ]
            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
                assert not cookies_resp.cookies
                cookies = session.cookie_jar.filter_cookies(cookies_url)
                assert cookies["Cookie_1"].value == "Val_1"
    run_in_loop(run)
 def test_not_allow_redirects(tmpdir, mockbin):
    url = mockbin + "/redirect/308/5"
    path = str(tmpdir.join("redirects.yaml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(path):
        response, _ = get(url, allow_redirects=False)
        assert response.url.path == "/redirect/308/5"
        assert response.status == 308
    with vcr.use_cassette(path) as cassette:
        response, _ = get(url, allow_redirects=False)
        assert response.url.path == "/redirect/308/5"
        assert response.status == 308
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
--- a/tests/integration/test_basic.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_basic.py
@@ -1,89 +1,100 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""Basic tests for cassettes"""
+'''Basic tests for cassettes'''
 # External imports
 import os
-from urllib.request import urlopen
+from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
-def test_nonexistent_directory(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_nonexistent_directory(tmpdir):
-    """If we load a cassette in a nonexistent directory, it can save ok"""
+    '''If we load a cassette in a nonexistent directory, it can save ok'''
-    # Check to make sure directory doesn't exist
+    # Check to make sure directory doesnt exist
-    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent")))
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('nonexistent')))
    # Run VCR to create dir and cassette file
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('nonexistent', 'cassette.yml'))):
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
    # This should have made the file and the directory
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml")))
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('nonexistent', 'cassette.yml')))
-def test_unpatch(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_unpatch(tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that our cassette gets unpatched when we're done"""
+    '''Ensure that our cassette gets unpatched when we're done'''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("unpatch.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('unpatch.yaml'))) as cass:
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
    # Make the same request, and assert that we haven't served any more
    # requests out of cache
-    urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+    urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
    assert cass.play_count == 0
-def test_basic_json_use(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_basic_use(tmpdir):
-    """
+    '''
    Copied from the docs
    '''
    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
        response = urlopen(
            'http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved'
        ).read()
        assert b'Example domains' in response
 def test_basic_json_use(tmpdir):
    '''
    Ensure you can load a json serialized cassette
-    """
+    '''
-    test_fixture = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.json"))
+    test_fixture = 'fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.json'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(test_fixture, serializer="json"):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(test_fixture, serializer='json'):
-        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-        assert b"difficult sometimes" in response
+        assert b'difficult sometimes' in response
-def test_patched_content(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_patched_content(tmpdir):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that what you pull from a cassette is what came from the
    request
-    """
+    '''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 0
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response2 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response2 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
        cass._save(force=True)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response3 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response3 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
    assert response == response2
    assert response2 == response3
-def test_patched_content_json(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_patched_content_json(tmpdir):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that what you pull from a json cassette is what came from the
    request
-    """
+    '''
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.json"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.json'))
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
-        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 0
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
-        response2 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response2 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
        cass._save(force=True)
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
-        response3 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response3 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
    assert response == response2
--- a/tests/integration/test_boto.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_boto.py
@@ -1,82 +1,77 @@
 import pytest
 boto = pytest.importorskip("boto")
-from configparser import DuplicateSectionError  # NOQA
+import boto
-
+import boto.iam
-import boto  # NOQA
+from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection
-import boto.iam  # NOQA
+from boto.s3.key import Key
-from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection  # NOQA
+from ConfigParser import DuplicateSectionError
-from boto.s3.key import Key  # NOQA
+import vcr
 import vcr  # NOQA
 def test_boto_stubs(tmpdir):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-stubs.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-stubs.yml'))):
        # Perform the imports within the patched context so that
        # CertValidatingHTTPSConnection refers to the patched version.
        from boto.https_connection import CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
        from vcr.stubs.boto_stubs import VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
        # Prove that the class was patched by the stub and that we can instantiate it.
        assert issubclass(CertValidatingHTTPSConnection, VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection)
-        CertValidatingHTTPSConnection("hostname.does.not.matter")
+        CertValidatingHTTPSConnection('hostname.does.not.matter')
 def test_boto_without_vcr():
    s3_conn = S3Connection()
-    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket('boto-demo-1394171994')  # a bucket you can access
    k = Key(s3_bucket)
-    k.key = "test.txt"
+    k.key = 'test.txt'
-    k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+    k.set_contents_from_string('hello world i am a string')
 def test_boto_medium_difficulty(tmpdir):
    s3_conn = S3Connection()
-    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket('boto-demo-1394171994')  # a bucket you can access
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-medium.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-medium.yml'))) as cass:
        k = Key(s3_bucket)
-        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.key = 'test.txt'
-        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+        k.set_contents_from_string('hello world i am a string')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-medium.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-medium.yml'))) as cass:
        k = Key(s3_bucket)
-        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.key = 'test.txt'
-        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+        k.set_contents_from_string('hello world i am a string')
 def test_boto_hardcore_mode(tmpdir):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-hardcore.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-hardcore.yml'))) as cass:
        s3_conn = S3Connection()
-        s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+        s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket('boto-demo-1394171994')  # a bucket you can access
        k = Key(s3_bucket)
-        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.key = 'test.txt'
-        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+        k.set_contents_from_string('hello world i am a string')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-hardcore.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-hardcore.yml'))) as cass:
        s3_conn = S3Connection()
-        s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+        s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket('boto-demo-1394171994')  # a bucket you can access
        k = Key(s3_bucket)
-        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.key = 'test.txt'
-        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+        k.set_contents_from_string('hello world i am a string')
 def test_boto_iam(tmpdir):
    try:
-        boto.config.add_section("Boto")
+        boto.config.add_section('Boto')
    except DuplicateSectionError:
        pass
    # Ensure that boto uses HTTPS
-    boto.config.set("Boto", "is_secure", "true")
+    boto.config.set('Boto', 'is_secure', 'true')
    # Ensure that boto uses CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
-    boto.config.set("Boto", "https_validate_certificates", "true")
+    boto.config.set('Boto', 'https_validate_certificates', 'true')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-iam.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-iam.yml'))) as cass:
-        iam_conn = boto.iam.connect_to_region("universal")
+        iam_conn = boto.iam.connect_to_region('universal')
        iam_conn.get_all_users()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-iam.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('boto-iam.yml'))) as cass:
-        iam_conn = boto.iam.connect_to_region("universal")
+        iam_conn = boto.iam.connect_to_region('universal')
        iam_conn.get_all_users()
--- a/tests/integration/test_boto3.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_boto3.py
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
 import os
 import pytest
 boto3 = pytest.importorskip("boto3")
 import boto3  # NOQA
 import botocore  # NOQA
 import vcr  # NOQA
 try:
    from botocore import awsrequest  # NOQA
    botocore_awsrequest = True
 except ImportError:
    botocore_awsrequest = False
 # skip tests if boto does not use vendored requests anymore
 # https://github.com/boto/botocore/pull/1495
 boto3_skip_vendored_requests = pytest.mark.skipif(
    botocore_awsrequest,
    reason="botocore version {ver} does not use vendored requests anymore.".format(ver=botocore.__version__),
 )
 boto3_skip_awsrequest = pytest.mark.skipif(
    not botocore_awsrequest,
    reason="botocore version {ver} still uses vendored requests.".format(ver=botocore.__version__),
 )
 IAM_USER_NAME = "vcrpy"
@pytest.fixture
 def iam_client():
    def _iam_client(boto3_session=None):
        if boto3_session is None:
            boto3_session = boto3.Session(
                aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "default"),
                aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "default"),
                aws_session_token=None,
                region_name=os.environ.get("AWS_DEFAULT_REGION", "default"),
            )
        return boto3_session.client("iam")
    return _iam_client
@pytest.fixture
 def get_user(iam_client):
    def _get_user(client=None, user_name=IAM_USER_NAME):
        if client is None:
            # Default client set with fixture `iam_client`
            client = iam_client()
        return client.get_user(UserName=user_name)
    return _get_user
@pytest.mark.skipif(
    os.environ.get("TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST") != "false",
    reason="Encrypted Environment Variables from Travis Repository Settings"
    " are disabled on PRs from forks. "
    "https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/pull-requests/#pull-requests-and-security-restrictions",
 )
 def test_boto_medium_difficulty(tmpdir, get_user):
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-medium.yml"))):
        response = get_user()
        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-medium.yml"))) as cass:
        response = get_user()
        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
        assert cass.all_played
@pytest.mark.skipif(
    os.environ.get("TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST") != "false",
    reason="Encrypted Environment Variables from Travis Repository Settings"
    " are disabled on PRs from forks. "
    "https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/pull-requests/#pull-requests-and-security-restrictions",
 )
 def test_boto_hardcore_mode(tmpdir, iam_client, get_user):
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-hardcore.yml"))):
        ses = boto3.Session(
            aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
            aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
            region_name=os.environ.get("AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"),
        )
        client = iam_client(ses)
        response = get_user(client=client)
        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-hardcore.yml"))) as cass:
        ses = boto3.Session(
            aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
            aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
            aws_session_token=None,
            region_name=os.environ.get("AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"),
        )
        client = iam_client(ses)
        response = get_user(client=client)
        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
        assert cass.all_played
--- a/tests/integration/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_config.py
@@ -1,54 +1,50 @@
 import json
 import os
-from urllib.request import urlopen
+import json
 import pytest
 import vcr
 from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
-def test_set_serializer_default_config(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_set_serializer_default_config(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(serializer="json")
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(serializer='json')
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))):
-        assert my_vcr.serializer == "json"
+        assert my_vcr.serializer == 'json'
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
-    with open(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))) as f:
+    with open(str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))) as f:
-        file_content = f.read()
+        assert json.loads(f.read())
        assert file_content.endswith("\n")
        assert json.loads(file_content)
-def test_default_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_default_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join("subdir")))
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join('subdir')))
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.json"):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json'):
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("subdir").join("test.json")))
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('subdir').join('test.json')))
-def test_override_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_override_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join("subdir")))
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join('subdir')))
-    cld = str(tmpdir.join("subdir2"))
+    cld = str(tmpdir.join('subdir2'))
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.json", cassette_library_dir=cld):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json', cassette_library_dir=cld):
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("subdir2").join("test.json")))
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('subdir2').join('test.json')))
-    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("subdir").join("test.json")))
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('subdir').join('test.json')))
-def test_override_match_on(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_override_match_on(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(match_on=["method"])
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(match_on=['method'])
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))):
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))) as cass:
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))) as cass:
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
    assert len(cass) == 1
    assert cass.play_count == 1
@@ -58,25 +54,5 @@ def test_missing_matcher():
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_matcher("awesome", object)
    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.yaml", match_on=["notawesome"]):
+        with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.yaml", match_on=['notawesome']):
            pass
 def test_dont_record_on_exception(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(record_on_exception=False)
    @my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave.yml")))
    def some_test():
        assert b"Not in content" in urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
        some_test()
    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave.yml")))
    # Make sure context decorator has the same behavior
    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
        with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml"))):
            assert b"Not in content" in urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml")))
--- a/tests/integration/test_disksaver.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_disksaver.py
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""Basic tests about save behavior"""
+'''Basic tests about save behavior'''
 # External imports
 import os
 import time
-from urllib.request import urlopen
+from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
-def test_disk_saver_nowrite(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_disk_saver_nowrite(tmpdir):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that when you close a cassette without changing it it doesn't
    rewrite the file
-    """
+    '''
-    fname = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))
+    fname = str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))
    with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
+        urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 0
    last_mod = os.path.getmtime(fname)
    with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
+        urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
        assert cass.dirty is False
    last_mod2 = os.path.getmtime(fname)
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ def test_disk_saver_nowrite(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    assert last_mod == last_mod2
-def test_disk_saver_write(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_disk_saver_write(tmpdir):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that when you close a cassette after changing it it does
    rewrite the file
-    """
+    '''
-    fname = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))
+    fname = str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))
    with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
+        urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 0
    last_mod = os.path.getmtime(fname)
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ def test_disk_saver_write(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
    # the mtime doesn't change
    time.sleep(1)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(fname, record_mode=vcr.mode.ANY) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(fname, record_mode='any') as cass:
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
+        urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url + "/get").read()
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
        assert cass.dirty
    last_mod2 = os.path.getmtime(fname)
--- a/tests/integration/test_filter.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_filter.py
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 import base64
 import json
 from urllib.error import HTTPError
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
 import pytest
-from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response, assert_is_json
+from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request
-
+from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlencode
 from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError
 import vcr
 import json
 def _request_with_auth(url, username, password):
    request = Request(url)
-    base64string = base64.b64encode(username.encode("ascii") + b":" + password.encode("ascii"))
+    base64string = base64.b64encode(
        username.encode('ascii') + b':' + password.encode('ascii')
    )
    request.add_header(b"Authorization", b"Basic " + base64string)
    return urlopen(request)
@@ -21,124 +20,74 @@ def _find_header(cassette, header):
    return any(header in request.headers for request in cassette.requests)
-def test_filter_basic_auth(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_filter_basic_auth(tmpdir):
-    url = httpbin.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = 'http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("basic_auth_filter.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('basic_auth_filter.yaml'))
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(match_on=["uri", "method", "headers"])
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(match_on=['uri', 'method', 'headers'])
    # 2 requests, one with auth failure and one with auth success
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=['authorization']):
        with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
-            resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "wrongpasswd")
+            resp = _request_with_auth(url, 'user', 'wrongpasswd')
            assert resp.getcode() == 401
-        resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "passwd")
+        resp = _request_with_auth(url, 'user', 'passwd')
        assert resp.getcode() == 200
    # make same 2 requests, this time both served from cassette.
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]) as cass:
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=['authorization']) as cass:
        with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
-            resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "wrongpasswd")
+            resp = _request_with_auth(url, 'user', 'wrongpasswd')
            assert resp.getcode() == 401
-        resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "passwd")
+        resp = _request_with_auth(url, 'user', 'passwd')
        assert resp.getcode() == 200
        # authorization header should not have been recorded
-        assert not _find_header(cass, "authorization")
+        assert not _find_header(cass, 'authorization')
        assert len(cass) == 2
-def test_filter_querystring(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_filter_querystring(tmpdir):
-    url = httpbin.url + "/?foo=bar"
+    url = 'http://httpbin.org/?foo=bar'
-    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_qs.yaml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_query_parameters=["foo"]):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_query_parameters=['foo']):
        urlopen(url)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_query_parameters=["foo"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_query_parameters=['foo']) as cass:
        urlopen(url)
-        assert "foo" not in cass.requests[0].url
+        assert 'foo' not in cass.requests[0].url
-def test_filter_post_data(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_filter_post_data(tmpdir):
-    url = httpbin.url + "/post"
+    url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
-    data = urlencode({"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}).encode("utf-8")
+    data = urlencode({'id': 'secret', 'foo': 'bar'}).encode('utf-8')
-    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_pd.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_pd.yaml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=['id']):
        urlopen(url, data)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=['id']) as cass:
-        assert b"id=secret" not in cass.requests[0].body
+        assert b'id=secret' not in cass.requests[0].body
-def test_filter_json_post_data(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_filter_json_post_data(tmpdir):
-    data = json.dumps({"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}).encode("utf-8")
+    data = json.dumps({'id': 'secret', 'foo': 'bar'}).encode('utf-8')
-    request = Request(httpbin.url + "/post", data=data)
+    request = Request('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)
-    request.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+    request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
-    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_jpd.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_jpd.yaml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=['id']):
        urlopen(request)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=['id']) as cass:
        assert b'"id": "secret"' not in cass.requests[0].body
-def test_filter_callback(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_filter_callback(tmpdir):
-    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
+    url = 'http://httpbin.org/get'
-    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("basic_auth_filter.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('basic_auth_filter.yaml'))
    def before_record_cb(request):
-        if request.path != "/get":
+        if request.path != '/get':
            return request
    # Test the legacy keyword.
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(before_record=before_record_cb)
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]) as cass:
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=['authorization']) as cass:
        urlopen(url)
        assert len(cass) == 0
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(before_record_request=before_record_cb)
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]) as cass:
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=['authorization']) as cass:
        urlopen(url)
        assert len(cass) == 0
 def test_decompress_gzip(tmpdir, httpbin):
    url = httpbin.url + "/gzip"
    request = Request(url, headers={"Accept-Encoding": ["gzip, deflate"]})
    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("gzip_response.yaml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
        urlopen(request)
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
        decoded_response = urlopen(url).read()
        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
    assert_is_json(decoded_response)
 def test_decomptess_empty_body(tmpdir, httpbin):
    url = httpbin.url + "/gzip"
    request = Request(url, headers={"Accept-Encoding": ["gzip, deflate"]}, method="HEAD")
    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("gzip_empty_response.yaml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
        response = urlopen(request).read()
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
        decoded_response = urlopen(request).read()
        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
    assert decoded_response == response
 def test_decompress_deflate(tmpdir, httpbin):
    url = httpbin.url + "/deflate"
    request = Request(url, headers={"Accept-Encoding": ["gzip, deflate"]})
    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("deflate_response.yaml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
        urlopen(request)
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
        decoded_response = urlopen(url).read()
        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
    assert_is_json(decoded_response)
 def test_decompress_regular(tmpdir, httpbin):
    """Test that it doesn't try to decompress content that isn't compressed"""
    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("noncompressed_response.yaml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
        urlopen(url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
        resp = urlopen(url).read()
        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
    assert_is_json(resp)
--- a/tests/integration/test_http
+++ b/tests/integration/test_http
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
 interactions:
 - request:
    body: null
    headers: {}
    method: GET
    uri: https://httpbin.org/get?ham=spam
  response:
    body: {string: "{\n  \"args\": {\n    \"ham\": \"spam\"\n  }, \n  \"headers\"\
        : {\n    \"Accept\": \"*/*\", \n    \"Accept-Encoding\": \"gzip, deflate\"\
        , \n    \"Connection\": \"close\", \n    \"Host\": \"httpbin.org\", \n   \
        \ \"User-Agent\": \"Python/3.5 aiohttp/2.0.1\"\n  }, \n  \"origin\": \"213.86.221.35\"\
        , \n  \"url\": \"https://httpbin.org/get?ham=spam\"\n}\n"}
    headers: {Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: 'true', Access-Control-Allow-Origin: '*',
      Connection: keep-alive, Content-Length: '299', Content-Type: application/json,
      Date: 'Wed, 22 Mar 2017 20:08:29 GMT', Server: gunicorn/19.7.1, Via: 1.1 vegur}
    status: {code: 200, message: OK}
    url: !!python/object/new:yarl.URL
      state: !!python/tuple
      - !!python/object/new:urllib.parse.SplitResult [https, httpbin.org, /get, ham=spam,
        '']
      - false
 version: 1
--- a/tests/integration/test_httplib2.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_httplib2.py
@@ -1,148 +1,151 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""Integration tests with httplib2"""
+'''Integration tests with httplib2'''
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 # External imports
 from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlencode
 import pytest
 import pytest_httpbin.certs
 from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
 from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
 httplib2 = pytest.importorskip("httplib2")
-def http():
+@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
 def scheme(request):
    """
-    Returns an httplib2 HTTP instance
+    Fixture that returns both http and https
    with the certificate replaced by the httpbin one.
    """
-    kwargs = {"ca_certs": pytest_httpbin.certs.where()}
+    return request.param
    return httplib2.Http(**kwargs)
-def test_response_code(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_response_code(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch"""
+    '''Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        code = resp.status
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        assert code == resp.status
-def test_random_body(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_random_body(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache"""
+    '''Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, content = http().request(url)
+        _, content = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        body = content
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, content = http().request(url)
+        _, content = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        assert body == content
-def test_response_headers(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_response_headers(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can get information from the response"""
+    '''Ensure we can get information from the response'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        headers = resp.items()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        assert set(headers) == set(resp.items())
 def test_effective_url(scheme, tmpdir):
    '''Ensure that the effective_url is captured'''
    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=/html'
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
        effective_url = resp['content-location']
        assert effective_url == scheme + '://httpbin.org/html'
-def test_effective_url(tmpdir):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
-    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
-    url = "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301"
+        assert effective_url == resp['content-location']
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+def test_multiple_requests(scheme, tmpdir):
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+    '''Ensure that we can cache multiple requests'''
-        effective_url = resp["content-location"]
+    urls = [
-        assert effective_url == "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301/0"
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/',
-
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/',
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/get',
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-        assert effective_url == resp["content-location"]
+    ]
-
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('multiple.yaml'))) as cass:
-
+        [httplib2.Http().request(url) for url in urls]
 def test_multiple_requests(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
    """Ensure that we can cache multiple requests"""
    urls = [httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url + "/get", httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"]
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("multiple.yaml"))) as cass:
        [http().request(url) for url in urls]
    assert len(cass) == len(urls)
-def test_get_data(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_get_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works with query data"""
+    '''Ensure that it works with query data'''
-    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
+    data = urlencode({'some': 1, 'data': 'here'})
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/get?" + data
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/get?' + data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('get_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, res1 = http().request(url)
+        _, res1 = httplib2.Http().request(url)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('get_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, res2 = http().request(url)
+        _, res2 = httplib2.Http().request(url)
    assert res1 == res2
-def test_post_data(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_post_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works when posting data"""
+    '''Ensure that it works when posting data'''
-    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
+    data = urlencode({'some': 1, 'data': 'here'})
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, res1 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+        _, res1 = httplib2.Http().request(url, "POST", data)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, res2 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+        _, res2 = httplib2.Http().request(url, "POST", data)
    assert res1 == res2
    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-def test_post_unicode_data(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_post_unicode_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works when posting unicode data"""
+    '''Ensure that it works when posting unicode data'''
-    data = urlencode({"snowman": "☃".encode()})
+    data = urlencode({'snowman': u'☃'.encode('utf-8')})
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, res1 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+        _, res1 = httplib2.Http().request(url, "POST", data)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        _, res2 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+        _, res2 = httplib2.Http().request(url, "POST", data)
    assert res1 == res2
    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
    # First fetch a url under https, and then again under https and then
    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        http().request(httpbin_secure.url)
+        httplib2.Http().request('https://httpbin.org/')
-        http().request(httpbin.url)
+        httplib2.Http().request('http://httpbin.org/')
        assert len(cass) == 2
        assert cass.play_count == 0
-def test_decorator(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_decorator(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Test the decorator version of VCR.py"""
+    '''Test the decorator version of VCR.py'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml')))
    def inner1():
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
-        return resp["status"]
+        return resp['status']
-    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml')))
    def inner2():
-        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        resp, _ = httplib2.Http().request(url)
-        return resp["status"]
+        return resp['status']
    assert inner1() == inner2()
--- a/tests/integration/test_httpx.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_httpx.py
@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
 import os
 import pytest
 asyncio = pytest.importorskip("asyncio")
 httpx = pytest.importorskip("httpx")
 import vcr  # noqa: E402
 from vcr.stubs.httpx_stubs import HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM  # noqa: E402
 class BaseDoRequest:
    _client_class = None
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._client_args = args
        self._client_kwargs = kwargs
    def _make_client(self):
        return self._client_class(*self._client_args, **self._client_kwargs)
 class DoSyncRequest(BaseDoRequest):
    _client_class = httpx.Client
    def __enter__(self):
        return self
    def __exit__(self, *args):
        pass
    @property
    def client(self):
        try:
            return self._client
        except AttributeError:
            self._client = self._make_client()
            return self._client
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.client.request(*args, timeout=60, **kwargs)
 class DoAsyncRequest(BaseDoRequest):
    _client_class = httpx.AsyncClient
    def __enter__(self):
        # Need to manage both loop and client, because client's implementation
        # will fail if the loop is closed before the client's end of life.
        self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
        asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
        self._client = self._make_client()
        self._loop.run_until_complete(self._client.__aenter__())
        return self
    def __exit__(self, *args):
        try:
            self._loop.run_until_complete(self._client.__aexit__(*args))
        finally:
            del self._client
            self._loop.close()
            del self._loop
    @property
    def client(self):
        try:
            return self._client
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError('To access async client, use "with do_request() as client"')
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if hasattr(self, "_loop"):
            return self._loop.run_until_complete(self.client.request(*args, **kwargs))
        # Use one-time context and dispose of the loop/client afterwards
        with self:
            return self(*args, **kwargs)
 def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
    if "do_request" in metafunc.fixturenames:
        metafunc.parametrize("do_request", [DoAsyncRequest, DoSyncRequest])
@pytest.fixture
 def yml(tmpdir, request):
    return str(tmpdir.join(request.function.__name__ + ".yaml"))
 def test_status(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
    url = mockbin
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))):
        response = do_request()("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
        assert cassette_response.status_code == response.status_code
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_case_insensitive_headers(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
    url = mockbin
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))):
        do_request()("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
        assert "Content-Type" in cassette_response.headers
        assert "content-type" in cassette_response.headers
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_content(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
    url = mockbin
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cointent.yaml"))):
        response = do_request()("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cointent.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
        assert cassette_response.content == response.content
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_json(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
    url = mockbin + "/request"
    headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))):
        response = do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
        assert cassette_response.json() == response.json()
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_params_same_url_distinct_params(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
    url = mockbin + "/request"
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    params = {"a": 1, "b": False, "c": "c"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        response = do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
        assert cassette_response.request.url == response.request.url
        assert cassette_response.json() == response.json()
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
    params = {"other": "params"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
        with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
            do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
 def test_redirect(mockbin, yml, do_request):
    url = mockbin + "/redirect/303/2"
    redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: True}
    response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
        assert cassette_response.status_code == response.status_code
        assert len(cassette_response.history) == len(response.history)
        assert len(cassette) == 3
        assert cassette.play_count == 3
    # Assert that the real response and the cassette response have a similar
    # looking request_info.
    assert cassette_response.request.url == response.request.url
    assert cassette_response.request.method == response.request.method
    assert {k: v for k, v in cassette_response.request.headers.items()} == {
        k: v for k, v in response.request.headers.items()
    }
 def test_work_with_gzipped_data(mockbin, do_request, yml):
    url = mockbin + "/gzip?foo=bar"
    headers = {"accept-encoding": "deflate, gzip"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
        do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
        assert cassette_response.headers["content-encoding"] == "gzip"
        assert cassette_response.read()
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
@pytest.mark.parametrize("url", ["https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/" + str(i) for i in range(3, 6)])
 def test_simple_fetching(do_request, yml, url):
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
        do_request()("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
        assert str(cassette_response.request.url) == url
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
 def test_behind_proxy(do_request):
    # This is recorded because otherwise we should have a live proxy somewhere.
    yml = (
        os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + "/cassettes/" + "test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml"
    )
    url = "https://mockbin.org/headers"
    proxy = "http://localhost:8080"
    proxies = {"http://": proxy, "https://": proxy}
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
        response = do_request(proxies=proxies, verify=False)("GET", url)
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
        cassette_response = do_request(proxies=proxies, verify=False)("GET", url)
        assert str(cassette_response.request.url) == url
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
        assert cassette_response.headers["Via"] == "my_own_proxy", str(cassette_response.headers)
        assert cassette_response.request.url == response.request.url
 def test_cookies(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
    def client_cookies(client):
        return [c for c in client.client.cookies]
    def response_cookies(response):
        return [c for c in response.cookies]
    url = mockbin + "/bin/26148652-fe25-4f21-aaf5-689b5b4bf65f"
    headers = {"cookie": "k1=v1;k2=v2"}
    with do_request(headers=headers) as client:
        assert client_cookies(client) == []
        redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: True}
        testfile = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yml"))
        with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
            r1 = client("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
            assert response_cookies(r1) == ["k1", "k2"]
            r2 = client("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
            assert response_cookies(r2) == ["k1", "k2"]
            assert client_cookies(client) == ["k1", "k2"]
    with do_request(headers=headers) as new_client:
        assert client_cookies(new_client) == []
        with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cassette:
            cassette_response = new_client("GET", url)
            assert cassette.play_count == 1
            assert response_cookies(cassette_response) == ["k1", "k2"]
            assert client_cookies(new_client) == ["k1", "k2"]
 def test_relative_redirects(tmpdir, scheme, do_request, mockbin):
    redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: True}
    url = mockbin + "/redirect/301?to=/redirect/301?to=/request"
    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("relative_redirects.yml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
        assert len(response.history) == 2, response
        assert response.json()["url"].endswith("request")
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cassette:
        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
        assert len(response.history) == 2
        assert response.json()["url"].endswith("request")
        assert cassette.play_count == 3
 def test_redirect_wo_allow_redirects(do_request, mockbin, yml):
    url = mockbin + "/redirect/308/5"
    redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: False}
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
        assert str(response.url).endswith("308/5")
        assert response.status_code == 308
    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
        assert str(response.url).endswith("308/5")
        assert response.status_code == 308
        assert cassette.play_count == 1
--- a/tests/integration/test_ignore.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_ignore.py
@@ -1,68 +1,55 @@
-import socket
+import base64
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+import pytest
-from urllib.request import urlopen
+from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request
-
+from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError
 import vcr
-@contextmanager
+def test_ignore_localhost(tmpdir, httpserver):
-def overridden_dns(overrides):
+    httpserver.serve_content('Hello!')
-    """
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_qs.yaml'))
-    Monkeypatch socket.getaddrinfo() to override DNS lookups (name will resolve
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
-    to address)
+        urlopen(httpserver.url)
-    """
+        assert len(cass) == 0
-    real_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org')
-
+        assert len(cass) == 1
    def fake_getaddrinfo(*args, **kwargs):
        if args[0] in overrides:
            address = overrides[args[0]]
            return [(2, 1, 6, "", (address, args[1]))]
        return real_getaddrinfo(*args, **kwargs)
    socket.getaddrinfo = fake_getaddrinfo
    yield
    socket.getaddrinfo = real_getaddrinfo
-def test_ignore_localhost(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_ignore_httpbin(tmpdir, httpserver):
-    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+    httpserver.serve_content('Hello!')
-        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_qs.yaml'))
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(
-            urlopen("http://localhost:{}/".format(httpbin.port))
+        cass_file,
-            assert len(cass) == 0
+        ignore_hosts=['httpbin.org']
-            urlopen("http://httpbin.org:{}/".format(httpbin.port))
+    ) as cass:
-            assert len(cass) == 1
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org')
        assert len(cass) == 0
        urlopen(httpserver.url)
        assert len(cass) == 1
-def test_ignore_httpbin(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_ignore_localhost_and_httpbin(tmpdir, httpserver):
-    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+    httpserver.serve_content('Hello!')
-        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_qs.yaml'))
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_hosts=["httpbin.org"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(
-            urlopen("http://httpbin.org:{}/".format(httpbin.port))
+        cass_file,
-            assert len(cass) == 0
+        ignore_hosts=['httpbin.org'],
-            urlopen("http://localhost:{}/".format(httpbin.port))
+        ignore_localhost=True
-            assert len(cass) == 1
+    ) as cass:
        urlopen('http://httpbin.org')
        urlopen(httpserver.url)
        assert len(cass) == 0
-
+def test_ignore_localhost_twice(tmpdir, httpserver):
-def test_ignore_localhost_and_httpbin(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    httpserver.serve_content('Hello!')
-    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join('filter_qs.yaml'))
-        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_hosts=["httpbin.org"], ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
+        urlopen(httpserver.url)
-            urlopen("http://httpbin.org:{}".format(httpbin.port))
+        assert len(cass) == 0
-            urlopen("http://localhost:{}".format(httpbin.port))
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org')
-            assert len(cass) == 0
+        assert len(cass) == 1
-
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
-
+        assert len(cass) == 1
-def test_ignore_localhost_twice(tmpdir, httpbin):
+        urlopen(httpserver.url)
-    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org')
-        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+        assert len(cass) == 1
        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
            urlopen("http://localhost:{}".format(httpbin.port))
            assert len(cass) == 0
            urlopen("http://httpbin.org:{}".format(httpbin.port))
            assert len(cass) == 1
        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
            assert len(cass) == 1
            urlopen("http://localhost:{}".format(httpbin.port))
            urlopen("http://httpbin.org:{}".format(httpbin.port))
            assert len(cass) == 1
--- a/tests/integration/test_matchers.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_matchers.py
@@ -1,48 +1,47 @@
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 import pytest
 import vcr
-
+import pytest
-DEFAULT_URI = "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2"  # base uri for testing
+from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
-def _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+DEFAULT_URI = 'http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2'  # base uri for testing
    return uri.replace("http://httpbin.org", httpbin.url).replace("https://httpbin.org", httpbin_secure.url)
@pytest.fixture
-def cassette(tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+def cassette(tmpdir):
    """
-    Helper fixture used to prepare the cassette
+    Helper fixture used to prepare the cassete
    returns path to the recorded cassette
    """
-    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+    cassette_path = str(tmpdir.join('test.yml'))
-
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette_path, record_mode='all'):
-    cassette_path = str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))
+        urlopen(DEFAULT_URI)
    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette_path, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL):
        urlopen(default_uri)
    return cassette_path
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("matcher, matching_uri, not_matching_uri", [
-    "matcher, matching_uri, not_matching_uri",
+    ('uri',
-    [
+     'http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2',
-        ("uri", "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2", "http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1"),
+     'http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1'),
-        ("scheme", "http://google.com/post?a=b", "https://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2"),
+    ('scheme',
-        ("host", "https://httpbin.org/post?a=b", "http://google.com/get?p1=q1&p2=q2"),
+     'http://google.com/post?a=b',
-        ("path", "https://google.com/get?a=b", "http://httpbin.org/post?p1=q1&p2=q2"),
+     'https://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2'),
-        ("query", "https://google.com/get?p2=q2&p1=q1", "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&a=b"),
+    ('host',
-    ],
+     'https://httpbin.org/post?a=b',
-)
+     'http://google.com/get?p1=q1&p2=q2'),
-def test_matchers(httpbin, httpbin_secure, cassette, matcher, matching_uri, not_matching_uri):
+    ('port',
-    matching_uri = _replace_httpbin(matching_uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+     'https://google.com:80/post?a=b',
-    not_matching_uri = _replace_httpbin(not_matching_uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+     'http://httpbin.org:5000/get?p1=q1&p2=q2'),
-    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+    ('path',
-
+     'https://google.com/get?a=b',
     'http://httpbin.org/post?p1=q1&p2=q2'),
    ('query',
     'https://google.com/get?p2=q2&p1=q1',
     'http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&a=b')
    ])
 def test_matchers(cassette, matcher, matching_uri, not_matching_uri):
    # play cassette with default uri
    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=[matcher]) as cass:
-        urlopen(default_uri)
+        urlopen(DEFAULT_URI)
        assert cass.play_count == 1
    # play cassette with matching on uri
@@ -56,51 +55,45 @@ def test_matchers(httpbin, httpbin_secure, cassette, matcher, matching_uri, not_
            urlopen(not_matching_uri)
-def test_method_matcher(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+def test_method_matcher(cassette):
    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
    # play cassette with matching on method
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=["method"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=['method']) as cass:
-        urlopen("https://google.com/get?a=b")
+        urlopen('https://google.com/get?a=b')
        assert cass.play_count == 1
    # should fail if method does not match
    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=["method"]) as cass:
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=['method']) as cass:
            # is a POST request
-            urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")
+            urlopen(DEFAULT_URI, data=b'')
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("uri", [
-    "uri", [DEFAULT_URI, "http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1", "http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1"]
+    DEFAULT_URI,
-)
+    'http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1',
-def test_default_matcher_matches(cassette, uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    'http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1',
-    uri = _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+])
-
+def test_default_matcher_matches(cassette, uri):
    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette) as cass:
        urlopen(uri)
        assert cass.play_count == 1
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("uri", [
-    "uri",
+    'https://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2',
-    [
+    'http://google.com/get?p1=q1&p2=q2',
-        "https://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2",
+    'http://httpbin.org:5000/get?p1=q1&p2=q2',
-        "http://google.com/get?p1=q1&p2=q2",
+    'http://httpbin.org/post?p1=q1&p2=q2',
-        "http://httpbin.org/post?p1=q1&p2=q2",
+    'http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&a=b'
-        "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&a=b",
+])
-    ],
+def test_default_matcher_does_not_match(cassette, uri):
 )
 def test_default_matcher_does_not_match(cassette, uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
    uri = _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
            urlopen(uri)
-def test_default_matcher_does_not_match_on_method(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+def test_default_matcher_does_not_match_on_method(cassette):
    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
            # is a POST request
-            urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")
+            urlopen(DEFAULT_URI, data=b'')
--- a/tests/integration/test_multiple.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_multiple.py
@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 import pytest
 import vcr
 from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
-def test_making_extra_request_raises_exception(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_making_extra_request_raises_exception(tmpdir):
    # make two requests in the first request that are considered
    # identical (since the match is based on method)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json")), match_on=["method"]):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.json')), match_on=['method']):
-        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/200")
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/status/200')
-        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/201")
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/status/201')
    # Now, try to make three requests.  The first two should return the
    # correct status codes in order, and the third should raise an
    # exception.
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json")), match_on=["method"]):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.json')), match_on=['method']):
-        assert urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/200").getcode() == 200
+        assert urlopen('http://httpbin.org/status/200').getcode() == 200
-        assert urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/201").getcode() == 201
+        assert urlopen('http://httpbin.org/status/201').getcode() == 201
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
-            urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/200")
+            urlopen('http://httpbin.org/status/200')
--- a/tests/integration/test_proxy.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_proxy.py
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Test using a proxy."""
 import http.server
 import multiprocessing
 import socketserver
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 import pytest
 import vcr
 # Conditional imports
 requests = pytest.importorskip("requests")
 class Proxy(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    """
    Simple proxy server.
    (Inspired by: http://effbot.org/librarybook/simplehttpserver.htm).
    """
    def do_GET(self):
        upstream_response = urlopen(self.path)
        try:
            status = upstream_response.status
            headers = upstream_response.headers.items()
        except AttributeError:
            # In Python 2 the response is an addinfourl instance.
            status = upstream_response.code
            headers = upstream_response.info().items()
        self.send_response(status, upstream_response.msg)
        for header in headers:
            self.send_header(*header)
        self.end_headers()
        self.copyfile(upstream_response, self.wfile)
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def proxy_server():
    httpd = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("", 0), Proxy)
    proxy_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=httpd.serve_forever)
    proxy_process.start()
    yield "http://{}:{}".format(*httpd.server_address)
    proxy_process.terminate()
 def test_use_proxy(tmpdir, httpbin, proxy_server):
    """Ensure that it works with a proxy."""
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("proxy.yaml"))):
        response = requests.get(httpbin.url, proxies={"http": proxy_server})
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("proxy.yaml"))) as cassette:
        cassette_response = requests.get(httpbin.url, proxies={"http": proxy_server})
    assert cassette_response.headers == response.headers
    assert cassette.play_count == 1
--- a/tests/integration/test_record_mode.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_record_mode.py
@@ -1,66 +1,65 @@
-from urllib.request import urlopen
+import os
 import pytest
 import vcr
 from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
-def test_once_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_once_record_mode(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="once"):
        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="once") as cass:
        # make the same request again
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        # the first time, it's played from the cassette.
        # but, try to access something else from the same cassette, and an
        # exception is raised.
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
-            urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+            response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get').read()
-def test_once_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_once_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="once"):
        # get two of the same file
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response1 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response2 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="once") as cass:
        # do it again
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-def test_once_mode_three_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_once_mode_three_times(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="once"):
        # get three of the same file
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response1 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response2 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response2 = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-def test_new_episodes_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_new_episodes_record_mode(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="new_episodes"):
        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="new_episodes") as cass:
        # make the same request again
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        # all responses have been played
        assert cass.all_played
        # in the "new_episodes" record mode, we can add more requests to
-        # a cassette without repercussions.
+        # a cassette without repurcussions.
-        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get').read()
        # one of the responses has been played
        assert cass.play_count == 1
@@ -68,19 +67,19 @@ def test_new_episodes_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
        # not all responses have been played
        assert not cass.all_played
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="new_episodes") as cass:
        # the cassette should now have 2 responses
        assert len(cass.responses) == 2
-def test_new_episodes_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_new_episodes_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    url = httpbin.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = 'http://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="new_episodes"):
        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
        original_first_response = urlopen(url).read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="new_episodes"):
        # make the same request again
        assert urlopen(url).read() == original_first_response
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ def test_new_episodes_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
        # to the cassette without repercussions
        original_second_response = urlopen(url).read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="once"):
        # make the same request again
        assert urlopen(url).read() == original_first_response
        assert urlopen(url).read() == original_second_response
@@ -98,20 +97,20 @@ def test_new_episodes_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
            urlopen(url).read()
-def test_all_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_all_record_mode(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="all"):
        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="all") as cass:
        # make the same request again
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        # in the "all" record mode, we can add more requests to
-        # a cassette without repercussions.
+        # a cassette without repurcussions.
-        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get').read()
        # The cassette was never actually played, even though it existed.
        # that's because, in "all" mode, the requests all go directly to
@@ -119,26 +118,26 @@ def test_all_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
        assert cass.play_count == 0
-def test_none_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_none_record_mode(tmpdir):
    # Cassette file doesn't exist, yet we are trying to make a request.
    # raise hell.
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="none"):
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
-            urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+            response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-def test_none_record_mode_with_existing_cassette(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_none_record_mode_with_existing_cassette(tmpdir):
    # create a cassette file
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('recordmode.yml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="all"):
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
    # play from cassette file
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode="none") as cass:
-        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
        # but if I try to hit the net, raise an exception.
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
-            urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+            response = urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get').read()
--- a/tests/integration/test_register_matcher.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_register_matcher.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 import vcr
 from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
 def true_matcher(r1, r2):
@@ -11,27 +10,27 @@ def false_matcher(r1, r2):
    return False
-def test_registered_true_matcher(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_registered_true_matcher(tmpdir):
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
-    my_vcr.register_matcher("true", true_matcher)
+    my_vcr.register_matcher('true', true_matcher)
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('test.yml'))
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=["true"]):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=['true']) as cass:
        # These 2 different urls are stored as the same request
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url + "/get")
+        urlopen('https://httpbin.org/get')
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=["true"]):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=['true']) as cass:
        # I can get the response twice even though I only asked for it once
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('https://httpbin.org/get')
-def test_registered_false_matcher(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+def test_registered_false_matcher(tmpdir):
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
-    my_vcr.register_matcher("false", false_matcher)
+    my_vcr.register_matcher('false', false_matcher)
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('test.yml'))
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=["false"]) as cass:
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=['false']) as cass:
        # These 2 different urls are stored as different requests
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
-        urlopen(mockbin_request_url + "/get")
+        urlopen('https://httpbin.org/get')
        assert len(cass) == 2
--- a/tests/integration/test_register_persister.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_register_persister.py
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Tests for cassettes with custom persistence"""
 # External imports
 import os
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
 from vcr.persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
 class CustomFilesystemPersister(object):
    """Behaves just like default FilesystemPersister but adds .test extension
    to the cassette file"""
    @staticmethod
    def load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer):
        cassette_path += ".test"
        return FilesystemPersister.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
    @staticmethod
    def save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer):
        cassette_path += ".test"
        FilesystemPersister.save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer)
 def test_save_cassette_with_custom_persister(tmpdir, httpbin):
    """Ensure you can save a cassette using custom persister"""
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_persister(CustomFilesystemPersister)
    # Check to make sure directory doesn't exist
    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent")))
    # Run VCR to create dir and cassette file using new save_cassette callback
    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml"))):
        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
    # Callback should have made the file and the directory
    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml.test")))
 def test_load_cassette_with_custom_persister(tmpdir, httpbin):
    """
    Ensure you can load a cassette using custom persister
    """
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
    my_vcr.register_persister(CustomFilesystemPersister)
    test_fixture = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.json.test"))
    with my_vcr.use_cassette(test_fixture, serializer="json"):
        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
        assert b"difficult sometimes" in response
--- a/tests/integration/test_register_serializer.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_register_serializer.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import vcr
-class MockSerializer:
+class MockSerializer(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.serialize_count = 0
        self.deserialize_count = 0
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class MockSerializer:
    def deserialize(self, cassette_string):
        self.serialize_count += 1
        self.cassette_string = cassette_string
-        return {"interactions": []}
+        return {'interactions':[]}
    def serialize(self, cassette_dict):
        self.deserialize_count += 1
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ class MockSerializer:
 def test_registered_serializer(tmpdir):
    ms = MockSerializer()
    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
-    my_vcr.register_serializer("mock", ms)
+    my_vcr.register_serializer('mock', ms)
-    tmpdir.join("test.mock").write("test_data")
+    tmpdir.join('test.mock').write('test_data')
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.mock")), serializer="mock"):
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.mock')), serializer='mock'):
        # Serializer deserialized once
        assert ms.serialize_count == 1
        # and serialized the test data string
-        assert ms.cassette_string == "test_data"
+        assert ms.cassette_string == 'test_data'
        # and hasn't serialized yet
        assert ms.deserialize_count == 0
--- a/tests/integration/test_request.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_request.py
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 import vcr
 from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
-def test_recorded_request_uri_with_redirected_request(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_recorded_request_uri_with_redirected_request(tmpdir):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.yml'))) as cass:
        assert len(cass) == 0
-        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/redirect/3")
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/redirect/3')
-        assert cass.requests[0].uri == httpbin.url + "/redirect/3"
+        assert cass.requests[0].uri == 'http://httpbin.org/redirect/3'
-        assert cass.requests[3].uri == httpbin.url + "/get"
+        assert cass.requests[3].uri == 'http://httpbin.org/get'
        assert len(cass) == 4
-def test_records_multiple_header_values(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_records_multiple_header_values(tmpdir, httpserver):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))) as cass:
+    httpserver.serve_content('Hello!', headers=[('foo', 'bar'), ('foo', 'baz')])
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.yml'))) as cass:
        assert len(cass) == 0
-        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/response-headers?foo=bar&foo=baz")
+
        urlopen(httpserver.url)
        assert len(cass) == 1
-        assert cass.responses[0]["headers"]["foo"] == ["bar", "baz"]
+        assert cass.responses[0]['headers']['foo'] == ['bar', 'baz']
--- a/tests/integration/test_requests.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_requests.py
@@ -1,84 +1,77 @@
-"""Test requests' interaction with vcr"""
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 '''Test requests' interaction with vcr'''
 import pytest
 import vcr
 from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json
 import vcr
 requests = pytest.importorskip("requests")
 from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError  # noqa E402
-def test_status_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
-    """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
+def scheme(request):
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/"
+    '''Fixture that returns both http and https.'''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    return request.param
 def test_status_code(scheme, tmpdir):
    '''Ensure that we can read the status code'''
    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))):
        status_code = requests.get(url).status_code
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))):
        assert status_code == requests.get(url).status_code
-def test_headers(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_headers(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
+    '''Ensure that we can read the headers back'''
-    url = httpbin_both + "/"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))):
        headers = requests.get(url).headers
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))):
        assert headers == requests.get(url).headers
-def test_body(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_body(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
+    '''Ensure the responses are all identical enough'''
-    url = httpbin_both + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))):
        content = requests.get(url).content
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))):
        assert content == requests.get(url).content
-
+def test_effective_url(scheme, tmpdir):
-def test_get_empty_content_type_json(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    '''Ensure that the effective_url is captured'''
-    """Ensure GET with application/json content-type and empty request body doesn't crash"""
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=/html'
-    url = httpbin_both + "/status/200"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('url.yaml'))):
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_empty_json.yaml")), match_on=("body",)):
        status = requests.get(url, headers=headers).status_code
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_empty_json.yaml")), match_on=("body",)):
        assert status == requests.get(url, headers=headers).status_code
 def test_effective_url(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
    url = httpbin_both.url + "/redirect-to?url=/html"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))):
        effective_url = requests.get(url).url
-        assert effective_url == httpbin_both.url + "/html"
+        assert effective_url == scheme + '://httpbin.org/html'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('url.yaml'))):
        assert effective_url == requests.get(url).url
-
+def test_auth(tmpdir, scheme):
-def test_auth(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    '''Ensure that we can handle basic auth'''
-    """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
+    auth = ('user', 'passwd')
-    auth = ("user", "passwd")
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    url = httpbin_both + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))):
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
        one = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))):
        two = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
        assert one.content == two.content
        assert one.status_code == two.status_code
-def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
+    '''Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses'''
-    auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
+    auth = ('user', 'wrongwrongwrong')
-    url = httpbin_both + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth-failed.yaml'))) as cass:
        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
        one = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
@@ -87,56 +80,26 @@ def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
        assert one.status_code == two.status_code == 401
-def test_post(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_post(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
+    '''Ensure that we can post and cache the results'''
-    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
-    url = httpbin_both + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))):
        req1 = requests.post(url, data).content
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))):
        req2 = requests.post(url, data).content
    assert req1 == req2
-def test_post_chunked_binary(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_redirects(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can send chunked binary without breaking while trying to concatenate bytes with str."""
+    '''Ensure that we can handle redirects'''
-    data1 = iter([b"data", b"to", b"send"])
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=bytes/1024'
-    data2 = iter([b"data", b"to", b"send"])
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))):
    url = httpbin.url + "/post"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
        req1 = requests.post(url, data1).content
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
        req2 = requests.post(url, data2).content
    assert req1 == req2
@pytest.mark.skipif("sys.version_info >= (3, 6)", strict=True, raises=ConnectionError)
 def test_post_chunked_binary_secure(tmpdir, httpbin_secure):
    """Ensure that we can send chunked binary without breaking while trying to concatenate bytes with str."""
    data1 = iter([b"data", b"to", b"send"])
    data2 = iter([b"data", b"to", b"send"])
    url = httpbin_secure.url + "/post"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
        req1 = requests.post(url, data1).content
        print(req1)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
        req2 = requests.post(url, data2).content
    assert req1 == req2
 def test_redirects(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
    """Ensure that we can handle redirects"""
    url = httpbin_both + "/redirect-to?url=bytes/1024"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
        content = requests.get(url).content
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))) as cass:
        assert content == requests.get(url).content
        # Ensure that we've now cached *two* responses. One for the redirect
        # and one for the final fetch
@@ -144,152 +107,139 @@ def test_redirects(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
        assert cass.play_count == 2
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, httpbin):
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
    # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        requests.get(httpbin_secure + "/")
+        requests.get('https://httpbin.org/')
-        requests.get(httpbin + "/")
+        requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
        assert cass.play_count == 0
        assert len(cass) == 2
-def test_gzip(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_gzip(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that requests (actually urllib3) is able to automatically decompress
    the response body
-    """
+    '''
-    url = httpbin_both + "/gzip"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/gzip'
    response = requests.get(url)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))):
        response = requests.get(url)
        assert_is_json(response.content)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))):
        assert_is_json(response.content)
-def test_session_and_connection_close(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_session_and_connection_close(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """
+    '''
    This tests the issue in https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/48
    If you use a requests.session and the connection is closed, then an
    exception is raised in the urllib3 module vendored into requests:
    `AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'settimeout'`
-    """
+    '''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("session_connection_closed.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('session_connection_closed.yaml'))):
        session = requests.session()
-        session.get(httpbin + "/get", headers={"Connection": "close"})
+        session.get('http://httpbin.org/get', headers={'Connection': 'close'})
-        session.get(httpbin + "/get", headers={"Connection": "close"})
+        session.get('http://httpbin.org/get', headers={'Connection': 'close'})
-def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(tmpdir, httpbin_secure):
+def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(tmpdir):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cert_validation_disabled.yaml'))):
-        requests.get(httpbin_secure.url, verify=False)
+        requests.get('https://httpbin.org', verify=False)
-def test_session_can_make_requests_after_requests_unpatched(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_session_can_make_requests_after_requests_unpatched(tmpdir):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test_session_after_unpatched.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test_session_after_unpatched.yaml'))):
        session = requests.session()
-        session.get(httpbin + "/get")
+        session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test_session_after_unpatched.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test_session_after_unpatched.yaml'))):
        session = requests.session()
-        session.get(httpbin + "/get")
+        session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
-    session.get(httpbin + "/status/200")
+    session.get('http://httpbin.org/status/200')
-def test_session_created_before_use_cassette_is_patched(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_session_created_before_use_cassette_is_patched(tmpdir, scheme):
-    url = httpbin_both + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
    # Record arbitrary, random data to the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("session_created_outside.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('session_created_outside.yaml'))):
        session = requests.session()
        body = session.get(url).content
    # Create a session outside of any cassette context manager
    session = requests.session()
    # Make a request to make sure that a connectionpool is instantiated
-    session.get(httpbin_both + "/get")
+    session.get(scheme + '://httpbin.org/get')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("session_created_outside.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('session_created_outside.yaml'))):
        # These should only be the same if the patching succeeded.
        assert session.get(url).content == body
-def test_nested_cassettes_with_session_created_before_nesting(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_nested_cassettes_with_session_created_before_nesting(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """
+    '''
    This tests ensures that a session that was created while one cassette was
    active is patched to the use the responses of a second cassette when it
    is enabled.
-    """
+    '''
-    url = httpbin_both + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("first_nested.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('first_nested.yaml'))):
        session = requests.session()
        first_body = session.get(url).content
-        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("second_nested.yaml"))):
+        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('second_nested.yaml'))):
            second_body = session.get(url).content
            third_body = requests.get(url).content
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("second_nested.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('second_nested.yaml'))):
        session = requests.session()
        assert session.get(url).content == second_body
-        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("first_nested.yaml"))):
+        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('first_nested.yaml'))):
            assert session.get(url).content == first_body
        assert session.get(url).content == third_body
    # Make sure that the session can now get content normally.
-    assert "User-agent" in session.get(httpbin_both.url + "/robots.txt").text
+    session.get('http://www.reddit.com')
-def test_post_file(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_post_file(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we handle posting a file."""
+    '''Ensure that we handle posting a file.'''
-    url = httpbin_both + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_file.yaml"))) as cass, open("tox.ini", "rb") as f:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_file.yaml'))) as cass:
-        original_response = requests.post(url, f).content
+        # Don't use 2.7+ only style ',' separated with here because we support python 2.6
        with open('tox.ini') as f:
            original_response = requests.post(url, f).content
    # This also tests that we do the right thing with matching the body when they are files.
-    with vcr.use_cassette(
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_file.yaml')),
-        str(tmpdir.join("post_file.yaml")),
+                          match_on=('method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'body')) as cass:
-        match_on=("method", "scheme", "host", "port", "path", "query", "body"),
+        with open('tox.ini', 'rb') as f:
    ) as cass:
        with open("tox.ini", "rb") as f:
            tox_content = f.read()
        assert cass.requests[0].body.read() == tox_content
-        with open("tox.ini", "rb") as f:
+        with open('tox.ini', 'rb') as f:
            new_response = requests.post(url, f).content
        assert original_response == new_response
-def test_filter_post_params(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+def test_filter_post_params(tmpdir, scheme):
-    """
+    '''
    This tests the issue in https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/158
    Ensure that a post request made through requests can still be filtered.
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=['id']) as cass:
        assert b'id=secret' not in cass.requests[0].body
-    """
+    '''
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    cass_loc = str(tmpdir.join("filter_post_params.yaml"))
+    cass_loc = str(tmpdir.join('filter_post_params.yaml'))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_loc, filter_post_data_parameters=["key"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_loc, filter_post_data_parameters=['key']) as cass:
-        requests.post(url, data={"key": "value"})
+        requests.post(url, data={'key': 'value'})
-    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_loc, filter_post_data_parameters=["key"]) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_loc, filter_post_data_parameters=['key']) as cass:
-        assert b"key=value" not in cass.requests[0].body
+        assert b'key=value' not in cass.requests[0].body
 def test_post_unicode_match_on_body(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
    """Ensure that matching on POST body that contains Unicode characters works."""
    data = {"key1": "value1", "●‿●": "٩(●̮̮̃•̃)۶"}
    url = httpbin_both + "/post"
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml")), additional_matchers=("body",)):
        req1 = requests.post(url, data).content
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml")), additional_matchers=("body",)):
        req2 = requests.post(url, data).content
    assert req1 == req2
--- a/tests/integration/test_stubs.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_stubs.py
@@ -1,135 +1,42 @@
 import http.client as httplib
 import json
 import zlib
 from assertions import assert_is_json
 import vcr
 import six.moves.http_client as httplib
-
+def _headers_are_case_insensitive():
-def _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port):
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection('httpbin.org')
-    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+    conn.request('GET', "/cookies/set?k1=v1")
    conn.request("GET", "/cookies/set?k1=v1")
    r1 = conn.getresponse()
-    cookie_data1 = r1.getheader("set-cookie")
+    cookie_data1 = r1.getheader('set-cookie')
-    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection('httpbin.org')
-    conn.request("GET", "/cookies/set?k1=v1")
+    conn.request('GET', "/cookies/set?k1=v1")
    r2 = conn.getresponse()
-    cookie_data2 = r2.getheader("Set-Cookie")
+    cookie_data2 = r2.getheader('Set-Cookie')
    return cookie_data1 == cookie_data2
-
+def test_case_insensitivity(tmpdir):
-def test_case_insensitivity(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('case_insensitivity.yml'))
    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("case_insensitivity.yml"))
    # check if headers are case insensitive outside of vcrpy
-    host, port = httpbin.host, httpbin.port
+    outside = _headers_are_case_insensitive()
    outside = _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port)
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
        # check if headers are case insensitive inside of vcrpy
-        inside = _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port)
+        inside = _headers_are_case_insensitive()
        # check if headers are case insensitive after vcrpy deserializes headers
-        inside2 = _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port)
+        inside2 = _headers_are_case_insensitive()
    # behavior should be the same both inside and outside
    assert outside == inside == inside2
-
+def _multiple_header_value(httpserver):
-def _multiple_header_value(httpbin):
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection('%s:%s' % httpserver.server_address)
-    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(httpbin.host, httpbin.port)
+    conn.request('GET', "/")
    conn.request("GET", "/response-headers?foo=bar&foo=baz")
    r = conn.getresponse()
-    return r.getheader("foo")
+    return r.getheader('foo')
-
+def test_multiple_headers(tmpdir, httpserver):
-def test_multiple_headers(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('multiple_headers.yaml'))
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("multiple_headers.yaml"))
+    httpserver.serve_content('Hello!', headers=[('foo', 'bar'), ('foo', 'baz')])
-    outside = _multiple_header_value(httpbin)
+    outside = _multiple_header_value(httpserver)
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
-        inside = _multiple_header_value(httpbin)
+        inside = _multiple_header_value(httpserver)
    assert outside == inside
 def test_original_decoded_response_is_not_modified(tmpdir, httpbin):
    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("decoded_response.yml"))
    host, port = httpbin.host, httpbin.port
    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
    conn.request("GET", "/gzip")
    outside = conn.getresponse()
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, decode_compressed_response=True):
        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
        conn.request("GET", "/gzip")
        inside = conn.getresponse()
        # Assert that we do not modify the original response while appending
        # to the cassette.
        assert "gzip" == inside.headers["content-encoding"]
        # They should effectively be the same response.
        inside_headers = (h for h in inside.headers.items() if h[0].lower() != "date")
        outside_headers = (h for h in outside.getheaders() if h[0].lower() != "date")
        assert set(inside_headers) == set(outside_headers)
        inside = zlib.decompress(inside.read(), 16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
        outside = zlib.decompress(outside.read(), 16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
        assert inside == outside
    # Even though the above are raw bytes, the JSON data should have been
    # decoded and saved to the cassette.
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
        conn.request("GET", "/gzip")
        inside = conn.getresponse()
        assert "content-encoding" not in inside.headers
        assert_is_json(inside.read())
 def _make_before_record_response(fields, replacement="[REDACTED]"):
    def before_record_response(response):
        string_body = response["body"]["string"].decode("utf8")
        body = json.loads(string_body)
        for field in fields:
            if field in body:
                body[field] = replacement
        response["body"]["string"] = json.dumps(body).encode()
        return response
    return before_record_response
 def test_original_response_is_not_modified_by_before_filter(tmpdir, httpbin):
    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("sensitive_data_scrubbed_response.yml"))
    host, port = httpbin.host, httpbin.port
    field_to_scrub = "url"
    replacement = "[YOU_CANT_HAVE_THE_MANGO]"
    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
    conn.request("GET", "/get")
    outside = conn.getresponse()
    callback = _make_before_record_response([field_to_scrub], replacement)
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, before_record_response=callback):
        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
        conn.request("GET", "/get")
        inside = conn.getresponse()
        # The scrubbed field should be the same, because no cassette existed.
        # Furthermore, the responses should be identical.
        inside_body = json.loads(inside.read().decode("utf-8"))
        outside_body = json.loads(outside.read().decode("utf-8"))
        assert not inside_body[field_to_scrub] == replacement
        assert inside_body[field_to_scrub] == outside_body[field_to_scrub]
    # Ensure that when a cassette exists, the scrubbed response is returned.
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, before_record_response=callback):
        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
        conn.request("GET", "/get")
        inside = conn.getresponse()
        inside_body = json.loads(inside.read().decode("utf-8"))
        assert inside_body[field_to_scrub] == replacement
--- a/tests/integration/test_tornado.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_tornado.py
@@ -1,109 +1,112 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""Test requests' interaction with vcr"""
+'''Test requests' interaction with vcr'''
 import json
 import pytest
 from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json
 import vcr
 from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
-tornado = pytest.importorskip("tornado")
+from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json
 http = pytest.importorskip("tornado.httpclient")
 # whether the current version of Tornado supports the raise_error argument for
 # fetch().
 supports_raise_error = tornado.version_info >= (4,)
-
+@pytest.fixture(params=['simple', 'curl', 'default'])
@pytest.fixture(params=["simple", "curl", "default"])
 def get_client(request):
-    if request.param == "simple":
+    if request.param == 'simple':
        from tornado import simple_httpclient as simple
-
+        return (lambda: simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient())
-        return lambda: simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient()
+    elif request.param == 'curl':
    elif request.param == "curl":
        curl = pytest.importorskip("tornado.curl_httpclient")
-        return lambda: curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient()
+        return (lambda: curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient())
    else:
-        return lambda: http.AsyncHTTPClient()
+        return (lambda: http.AsyncHTTPClient())
 def get(client, url, **kwargs):
-    fetch_kwargs = {}
+    raise_error = kwargs.pop('raise_error', True)
-    if supports_raise_error:
+    return client.fetch(
-        fetch_kwargs["raise_error"] = kwargs.pop("raise_error", True)
+        http.HTTPRequest(url, method='GET', **kwargs),
-
+        raise_error=raise_error,
-    return client.fetch(http.HTTPRequest(url, method="GET", **kwargs), **fetch_kwargs)
+    )
 def post(client, url, data=None, **kwargs):
    if data:
-        kwargs["body"] = json.dumps(data)
+        kwargs['body'] = json.dumps(data)
-    return client.fetch(http.HTTPRequest(url, method="POST", **kwargs))
+    return client.fetch(http.HTTPRequest(url, method='POST', **kwargs))
@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
 def scheme(request):
    '''Fixture that returns both http and https.'''
    return request.param
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_status_code(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
+    '''Ensure that we can read the status code'''
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))):
        status_code = (yield get(get_client(), url)).code
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
        assert status_code == (yield get(get_client(), url)).code
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_headers(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
+    '''Ensure that we can read the headers back'''
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))):
        headers = (yield get(get_client(), url)).headers
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
        assert headers == (yield get(get_client(), url)).headers
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_body(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
+    '''Ensure the responses are all identical enough'''
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))):
        content = (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
        assert content == (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_effective_url(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+    '''Ensure that the effective_url is captured'''
-    url = scheme + "://mockbin.org/redirect/301?url=/html"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=/html'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('url.yaml'))):
        effective_url = (yield get(get_client(), url)).effective_url
-        assert effective_url == scheme + "://mockbin.org/redirect/301/0"
+        assert effective_url == scheme + '://httpbin.org/html'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('url.yaml'))) as cass:
        assert effective_url == (yield get(get_client(), url)).effective_url
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_auth(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
+    '''Ensure that we can handle basic auth'''
-    auth = ("user", "passwd")
+    auth = ('user', 'passwd')
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))):
-        one = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+        one = yield get(
            get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1]
        )
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))) as cass:
-        two = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+        two = yield get(
            get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1]
        )
        assert one.body == two.body
        assert one.code == two.code
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@@ -111,22 +114,28 @@ def test_auth(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_auth_failed(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
+    '''Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses'''
-    auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
+    auth = ('user', 'wrongwrongwrong')
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth-failed.yaml'))) as cass:
        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        with pytest.raises(http.HTTPError) as exc_info:
+        one = yield get(
-            yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+            get_client(),
-        one = exc_info.value.response
+            url,
-        assert exc_info.value.code == 401
+            auth_username=auth[0],
            auth_password=auth[1],
            raise_error=False
        )
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth-failed.yaml'))) as cass:
-        with pytest.raises(http.HTTPError) as exc_info:
+        two = yield get(
-            two = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+            get_client(),
-        two = exc_info.value.response
+            url,
-        assert exc_info.value.code == 401
+            auth_username=auth[0],
            auth_password=auth[1],
            raise_error=False
        )
        assert one.body == two.body
        assert one.code == two.code == 401
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@@ -134,13 +143,13 @@ def test_auth_failed(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_post(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
+    '''Ensure that we can post and cache the results'''
-    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))):
        req1 = (yield post(get_client(), url, data)).body
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))) as cass:
        req2 = (yield post(get_client(), url, data)).body
    assert req1 == req2
@@ -149,82 +158,77 @@ def test_post(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_redirects(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that we can handle redirects"""
+    '''Ensure that we can handle redirects'''
-    url = scheme + "://mockbin.org/redirect/301?url=bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))):
        content = (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('requests.yaml'))) as cass:
        assert content == (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
        assert cass.play_count == 1
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_cross_scheme(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
    # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'https://httpbin.org/')
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/')
        assert cass.play_count == 0
        assert len(cass) == 2
    # Then repeat the same requests and ensure both were replayed.
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'https://httpbin.org/')
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/')
        assert cass.play_count == 2
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_gzip(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that httpclient is able to automatically decompress the response
    body
-    """
+    '''
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/gzip"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/gzip'
-    # use_gzip was renamed to decompress_response in 4.0
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))):
-    kwargs = {}
+        response = yield get(get_client(), url, decompress_response=True)
    if tornado.version_info < (4,):
        kwargs["use_gzip"] = True
    else:
        kwargs["decompress_response"] = True
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
        response = yield get(get_client(), url, **kwargs)
        assert_is_json(response.body)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response = yield get(get_client(), url, **kwargs)
+        response = yield get(get_client(), url, decompress_response=True)
        assert_is_json(response.body)
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
-    cass_path = str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))
+    cass_path = str(tmpdir.join('cert_validation_disabled.yaml'))
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_path):
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org", validate_cert=False)
+        yield get(get_client(), 'https://httpbin.org', validate_cert=False)
    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_path) as cass:
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org", validate_cert=False)
+        yield get(get_client(), 'https://httpbin.org', validate_cert=False)
        assert 1 == cass.play_count
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_unsupported_features_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
+    '''Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
-    supported is raised inside the future."""
+    supported is raised inside the future.'''
    def callback(chunk):
        assert False, "Did not expect to be called."
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("invalid.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('invalid.yaml'))):
-        future = get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org", streaming_callback=callback)
+        future = get(
            get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org', streaming_callback=callback
        )
    with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
        yield future
@@ -232,18 +236,20 @@ def test_unsupported_features_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
    assert "not yet supported by VCR" in str(excinfo)
@pytest.mark.skipif(not supports_raise_error, reason="raise_error unavailable in tornado <= 3")
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_unsupported_features_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
+    '''Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
-    supported is not raised if raise_error=False."""
+    supported is not raised if raise_error=False.'''
    def callback(chunk):
        assert False, "Did not expect to be called."
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("invalid.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('invalid.yaml'))):
        response = yield get(
-            get_client(), "http://httpbin.org", streaming_callback=callback, raise_error=False
+            get_client(),
            'http://httpbin.org',
            streaming_callback=callback,
            raise_error=False,
        )
    assert "not yet supported by VCR" in str(response.error)
@@ -251,51 +257,56 @@ def test_unsupported_features_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is raised inside
+    '''Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is raised inside
-    the future."""
+    the future.'''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('overwrite.yaml'))):
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/get')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('overwrite.yaml'))):
-        future = get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/headers")
+        future = get(get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/headers')
    with pytest.raises(CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
        yield future
@pytest.mark.skipif(not supports_raise_error, reason="raise_error unavailable in tornado <= 3")
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is not raised if
+    '''Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is not raised if
-    raise_error=False in the fetch() call."""
+    raise_error=False in the fetch() call.'''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('overwrite.yaml'))):
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/get", raise_error=False)
+        yield get(
            get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/get', raise_error=False
        )
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('overwrite.yaml'))):
-        response = yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/headers", raise_error=False)
+        response = yield get(
            get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/headers', raise_error=False
        )
    assert isinstance(response.error, CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException)
@pytest.mark.gen_test
-@vcr.use_cassette(path_transformer=vcr.default_vcr.ensure_suffix(".yaml"))
+@vcr.use_cassette(path_transformer=vcr.default_vcr.ensure_suffix('.yaml'))
 def test_tornado_with_decorator_use_cassette(get_client):
-    response = yield get_client().fetch(http.HTTPRequest("http://www.google.com/", method="GET"))
+    response = yield get_client().fetch(
-    assert response.body.decode("utf-8") == "not actually google"
+        http.HTTPRequest('http://www.google.com/', method='GET')
    )
    assert response.body.decode('utf-8') == "not actually google"
@pytest.mark.gen_test
-@vcr.use_cassette(path_transformer=vcr.default_vcr.ensure_suffix(".yaml"))
+@vcr.use_cassette(path_transformer=vcr.default_vcr.ensure_suffix('.yaml'))
 def test_tornado_exception_can_be_caught(get_client):
    try:
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/status/500")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/status/500')
    except http.HTTPError as e:
        assert e.code == 500
    try:
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/status/404")
+        yield get(get_client(), 'http://httpbin.org/status/404')
    except http.HTTPError as e:
        assert e.code == 404
@@ -304,41 +315,41 @@ def test_tornado_exception_can_be_caught(get_client):
 def test_existing_references_get_patched(tmpdir):
    from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('data.yaml'))):
        client = AsyncHTTPClient()
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, 'http://httpbin.org/get')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, 'http://httpbin.org/get')
        assert cass.play_count == 1
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_existing_instances_get_patched(get_client, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that existing instances of AsyncHTTPClient get patched upon
+    '''Ensure that existing instances of AsyncHTTPClient get patched upon
-    entering VCR context."""
+    entering VCR context.'''
    client = get_client()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('data.yaml'))):
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, 'http://httpbin.org/get')
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, 'http://httpbin.org/get')
        assert cass.play_count == 1
@pytest.mark.gen_test
 def test_request_time_is_set(get_client, tmpdir):
-    """Ensures that the request_time on HTTPResponses is set."""
+    '''Ensures that the request_time on HTTPResponses is set.'''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('data.yaml'))):
        client = get_client()
-        response = yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        response = yield get(client, 'http://httpbin.org/get')
        assert response.request_time is not None
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('data.yaml'))) as cass:
        client = get_client()
-        response = yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        response = yield get(client, 'http://httpbin.org/get')
        assert response.request_time is not None
        assert cass.play_count == 1
--- a/tests/integration/test_urllib2.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_urllib2.py
@@ -1,145 +1,137 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""Integration tests with urllib2"""
+'''Integration tests with urllib2'''
-import ssl
+import pytest
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
-from urllib.request import urlopen
+from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlencode
 import pytest_httpbin.certs
 from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
-
+from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
 def urlopen_with_cafile(*args, **kwargs):
    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=pytest_httpbin.certs.where())
    context.check_hostname = False
    kwargs["context"] = context
    try:
        return urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
    except TypeError:
        # python2/pypi don't let us override this
        del kwargs["cafile"]
        return urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
-def test_response_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
-    """Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch"""
+def scheme(request):
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    """
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    Fixture that returns both http and https
-        code = urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
+    """
-
+    return request.param
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
        assert code == urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
-def test_random_body(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_response_code(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache"""
+    '''Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
-        body = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
+        code = urlopen(url).getcode()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
-        assert body == urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
+        assert code == urlopen(url).getcode()
-def test_response_headers(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_random_body(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can get information from the response"""
+    '''Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
-        open1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).info().items()
+        body = urlopen(url).read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
-        open2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).info().items()
+        assert body == urlopen(url).read()
 def test_response_headers(scheme, tmpdir):
    '''Ensure we can get information from the response'''
    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
        open1 = urlopen(url).info().items()
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
        open2 = urlopen(url).info().items()
        assert sorted(open1) == sorted(open2)
 def test_effective_url(scheme, tmpdir):
    '''Ensure that the effective_url is captured'''
    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=/html'
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
        effective_url = urlopen(url).geturl()
        assert effective_url == scheme + '://httpbin.org/html'
-def test_effective_url(tmpdir):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
-    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+        assert effective_url == urlopen(url).geturl()
    url = "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301"
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+def test_multiple_requests(scheme, tmpdir):
-        effective_url = urlopen_with_cafile(url).geturl()
+    '''Ensure that we can cache multiple requests'''
-        assert effective_url == "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301/0"
+    urls = [
-
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/',
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/',
-        assert effective_url == urlopen_with_cafile(url).geturl()
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/get',
-
+        scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-
+    ]
-def test_multiple_requests(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('multiple.yaml'))) as cass:
-    """Ensure that we can cache multiple requests"""
+        [urlopen(url) for url in urls]
    urls = [httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url + "/get", httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"]
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("multiple.yaml"))) as cass:
        [urlopen_with_cafile(url) for url in urls]
    assert len(cass) == len(urls)
-def test_get_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_get_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works with query data"""
+    '''Ensure that it works with query data'''
-    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
+    data = urlencode({'some': 1, 'data': 'here'})
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/get?" + data
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/get?' + data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('get_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
+        res1 = urlopen(url).read()
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('get_data.yaml'))) as cass:
        res2 = urlopen(url).read()
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
    assert res1 == res2
-def test_post_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_post_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works when posting data"""
+    '''Ensure that it works when posting data'''
-    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"}).encode("utf-8")
+    data = urlencode({'some': 1, 'data': 'here'}).encode('utf-8')
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
+        res1 = urlopen(url, data).read()
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
+        res2 = urlopen(url, data).read()
        assert len(cass) == 1
    assert res1 == res2
    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-def test_post_unicode_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+def test_post_unicode_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works when posting unicode data"""
+    '''Ensure that it works when posting unicode data'''
-    data = urlencode({"snowman": "☃".encode()}).encode("utf-8")
+    data = urlencode({'snowman': u'☃'.encode('utf-8')}).encode('utf-8')
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
+        res1 = urlopen(url, data).read()
-
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        res2 = urlopen(url, data).read()
        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
        assert len(cass) == 1
    assert res1 == res2
    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, httpbin):
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
    # First fetch a url under https, and then again under https and then
    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        urlopen_with_cafile(httpbin_secure.url)
+        urlopen('https://httpbin.org/')
-        urlopen_with_cafile(httpbin.url)
+        urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
        assert len(cass) == 2
        assert cass.play_count == 0
 def test_decorator(scheme, tmpdir):
    '''Test the decorator version of VCR.py'''
    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-def test_decorator(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml')))
    """Test the decorator version of VCR.py"""
    url = httpbin_both.url
    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
    def inner1():
-        return urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
+        return urlopen(url).getcode()
-    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml')))
    def inner2():
-        return urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
+        return urlopen(url).getcode()
    assert inner1() == inner2()
--- a/tests/integration/test_urllib3.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_urllib3.py
@@ -1,164 +1,148 @@
-"""Integration tests with urllib3"""
+'''Integration tests with urllib3'''
 # coding=utf-8
 import pytest
 import pytest_httpbin
 from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json
 import vcr
-from vcr.patch import force_reset
+from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json
-from vcr.stubs.compat import get_headers
+certifi = pytest.importorskip("certifi")
 urllib3 = pytest.importorskip("urllib3")
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
 def scheme(request):
    """
    Fixture that returns both http and https
    """
    return request.param
@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
 def verify_pool_mgr():
    return urllib3.PoolManager(
-        cert_reqs="CERT_REQUIRED", ca_certs=pytest_httpbin.certs.where()  # Force certificate check.
+        cert_reqs='CERT_REQUIRED', # Force certificate check.
        ca_certs=certifi.where()
    )
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
 def pool_mgr():
-    return urllib3.PoolManager(cert_reqs="CERT_NONE")
+    return urllib3.PoolManager()
-def test_status_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_status_code(scheme, tmpdir, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
+    '''Ensure that we can read the status code'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))):
-        status_code = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).status
+        status_code = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).status
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))):
-        assert status_code == verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).status
+        assert status_code == verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).status
-def test_headers(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_headers(scheme, tmpdir, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
+    '''Ensure that we can read the headers back'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))):
-        headers = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).headers
+        headers = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).headers
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))):
-        new_headers = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).headers
+        assert headers == verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).headers
        assert sorted(get_headers(headers)) == sorted(get_headers(new_headers))
-def test_body(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_body(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
+    '''Ensure the responses are all identical enough'''
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))):
-        content = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+        content = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))):
-        assert content == verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+        assert content == verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).data
-def test_auth(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_auth(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
+    '''Ensure that we can handle basic auth'''
-    auth = ("user", "passwd")
+    auth = ('user', 'passwd')
-    headers = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth="{}:{}".format(*auth))
+    headers = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth='{0}:{1}'.format(*auth))
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))):
-        one = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        one = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url, headers=headers)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))):
-        two = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        two = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url, headers=headers)
        assert one.data == two.data
        assert one.status == two.status
-def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
+    '''Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses'''
-    auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
+    auth = ('user', 'wrongwrongwrong')
-    headers = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth="{}:{}".format(*auth))
+    headers = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth='{0}:{1}'.format(*auth))
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth-failed.yaml'))) as cass:
        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        one = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        one = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url, headers=headers)
-        two = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        two = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url, headers=headers)
        assert one.data == two.data
        assert one.status == two.status == 401
-def test_post(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_post(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
+    '''Ensure that we can post and cache the results'''
-    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('verify_pool_mgr.yaml'))):
-        req1 = verify_pool_mgr.request("POST", url, data).data
+        req1 = verify_pool_mgr.request('POST', url, data).data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('verify_pool_mgr.yaml'))):
-        req2 = verify_pool_mgr.request("POST", url, data).data
+        req2 = verify_pool_mgr.request('POST', url, data).data
    assert req1 == req2
-def test_redirects(tmpdir, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_redirects(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that we can handle redirects"""
+    '''Ensure that we can handle redirects'''
-    url = "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=bytes/1024'
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('verify_pool_mgr.yaml'))):
        content = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('verify_pool_mgr.yaml'))) as cass:
-        content = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+        assert content == verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url).data
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))) as cass:
        assert content == verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
        # Ensure that we've now cached *two* responses. One for the redirect
        # and one for the final fetch
-
+        assert len(cass) == 2
-    assert len(cass) == 2
+        assert cass.play_count == 2
    assert cass.play_count == 2
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
    # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", httpbin_secure.url)
+        verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/')
-        verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", httpbin.url)
+        verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/')
        assert cass.play_count == 0
        assert len(cass) == 2
-def test_gzip(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+def test_gzip(tmpdir, scheme, verify_pool_mgr):
-    """
+    '''
    Ensure that requests (actually urllib3) is able to automatically decompress
    the response body
-    """
+    '''
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/gzip"
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/gzip'
-    response = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url)
+    response = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))):
-        response = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url)
+        response = verify_pool_mgr.request('GET', url)
        assert_is_json(response.data)
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))):
        assert_is_json(response.data)
-def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, pool_mgr):
+def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(tmpdir, pool_mgr):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cert_validation_disabled.yaml'))):
-        pool_mgr.request("GET", httpbin_secure.url)
+        pool_mgr.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org')
 def test_urllib3_force_reset():
    conn = urllib3.connection
    http_original = conn.HTTPConnection
    https_original = conn.HTTPSConnection
    verified_https_original = conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
    with vcr.use_cassette(path="test"):
        first_cassette_HTTPConnection = conn.HTTPConnection
        first_cassette_HTTPSConnection = conn.HTTPSConnection
        first_cassette_VerifiedHTTPSConnection = conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
        with force_reset():
            assert conn.HTTPConnection is http_original
            assert conn.HTTPSConnection is https_original
            assert conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection is verified_https_original
        assert conn.HTTPConnection is first_cassette_HTTPConnection
        assert conn.HTTPSConnection is first_cassette_HTTPSConnection
        assert conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection is first_cassette_VerifiedHTTPSConnection
--- a/tests/integration/test_wild.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_wild.py
@@ -1,108 +1,89 @@
 import http.client as httplib
 import multiprocessing
 from xmlrpc.client import ServerProxy
 from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
 import pytest
 from six.moves import xmlrpc_client
 requests = pytest.importorskip("requests")
-import vcr  # NOQA
+import vcr
 try:
    import httplib
 except ImportError:
    import http.client as httplib
 def test_domain_redirect():
-    """Ensure that redirects across domains are considered unique"""
+    '''Ensure that redirects across domains are considered unique'''
    # In this example, seomoz.org redirects to moz.com, and if those
    # requests are considered identical, then we'll be stuck in a redirect
    # loop.
-    url = "http://seomoz.org/"
+    url = 'http://seomoz.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette("tests/fixtures/wild/domain_redirect.yaml") as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette('tests/fixtures/wild/domain_redirect.yaml') as cass:
-        requests.get(url, headers={"User-Agent": "vcrpy-test"})
+        requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': 'vcrpy-test'})
        # Ensure that we've now served two responses. One for the original
        # redirect, and a second for the actual fetch
        assert len(cass) == 2
-def test_flickr_multipart_upload(httpbin, tmpdir):
+def test_flickr_multipart_upload():
    """
    The python-flickr-api project does a multipart
    upload that confuses vcrpy
    """
    def _pretend_to_be_flickr_library():
        content_type, body = "text/plain", "HELLO WORLD"
-        h = httplib.HTTPConnection(httpbin.host, httpbin.port)
+        h = httplib.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
-        headers = {"Content-Type": content_type, "content-length": str(len(body))}
+        headers = {
            "Content-Type": content_type,
            "content-length": str(len(body))
        }
        h.request("POST", "/post/", headers=headers)
        h.send(body)
        r = h.getresponse()
        data = r.read()
        h.close()
-        return data
+    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/flickr.yaml') as cass:
    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("flickr.yml"))
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
        _pretend_to_be_flickr_library()
        assert len(cass) == 1
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
+    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/flickr.yaml') as cass:
        assert len(cass) == 1
        _pretend_to_be_flickr_library()
        assert cass.play_count == 1
 def test_flickr_should_respond_with_200(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("flickr.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('flickr.yml'))
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
-        r = requests.post("https://api.flickr.com/services/upload", verify=False)
+        r = requests.post("http://api.flickr.com/services/upload")
        assert r.status_code == 200
-def test_cookies(tmpdir, httpbin):
+def test_cookies(tmpdir):
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yml"))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('cookies.yml'))
    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
        s = requests.Session()
-        s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies/set?k1=v1&k2=v2")
+        r1 = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/set?k1=v1&k2=v2")
-        assert s.cookies.keys() == ["k1", "k2"]
+        r2 = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")
-
+        assert len(r2.json()['cookies']) == 2
        r2 = s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies")
        assert sorted(r2.json()["cookies"].keys()) == ["k1", "k2"]
 def test_amazon_doctype(tmpdir):
    # amazon gzips its homepage.  For some reason, in requests 2.7, it's not
    # getting gunzipped.
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("amz.yml"))):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('amz.yml'))):
-        r = requests.get("http://www.amazon.com", verify=False)
+        r = requests.get('http://www.amazon.com')
-    assert "html" in r.text
+    assert 'html' in r.text
-def start_rpc_server(q):
+def test_xmlrpclib(tmpdir):
-    httpd = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('xmlrpcvideo.yaml'))):
-    httpd.register_function(pow)
+        roundup_server = xmlrpc_client.ServerProxy('http://bugs.python.org/xmlrpc', allow_none=True)
-    q.put("http://{}:{}".format(*httpd.server_address))
+        original_schema = roundup_server.schema()
    httpd.serve_forever()
-
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('xmlrpcvideo.yaml'))) as cassette:
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+        roundup_server = xmlrpc_client.ServerProxy('http://bugs.python.org/xmlrpc', allow_none=True)
-def rpc_server():
+        second_schema = roundup_server.schema()
    q = multiprocessing.Queue()
    proxy_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=start_rpc_server, args=(q,))
    try:
        proxy_process.start()
        yield q.get()
    finally:
        proxy_process.terminate()
 def test_xmlrpclib(tmpdir, rpc_server):
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("xmlrpcvideo.yaml"))):
        roundup_server = ServerProxy(rpc_server, allow_none=True)
        original_schema = roundup_server.pow(2, 4)
    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("xmlrpcvideo.yaml"))):
        roundup_server = ServerProxy(rpc_server, allow_none=True)
        second_schema = roundup_server.pow(2, 4)
    assert original_schema == second_schema
--- a/tests/unit/test_cassettes.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_cassettes.py
@@ -1,50 +1,45 @@
 import contextlib
 import copy
 import http.client as httplib
 import inspect
 import os
 from unittest import mock
 from six.moves import http_client as httplib
 import pytest
 import yaml
 from vcr.compat import mock, contextlib
 from vcr.cassette import Cassette
 from vcr.errors import UnhandledHTTPRequestError
 from vcr.patch import force_reset
 from vcr.matchers import path, method, query, host
 from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
 def test_cassette_load(tmpdir):
-    a_file = tmpdir.join("test_cassette.yml")
+    a_file = tmpdir.join('test_cassette.yml')
-    a_file.write(
+    a_file.write(yaml.dump({'interactions': [
-        yaml.dump(
+        {'request': {'body': '', 'uri': 'foo', 'method': 'GET', 'headers': {}},
-            {
+         'response': 'bar'}
-                "interactions": [
+    ]}))
                    {"request": {"body": "", "uri": "foo", "method": "GET", "headers": {}}, "response": "bar"}
                ]
            }
        )
    )
    a_cassette = Cassette.load(path=str(a_file))
    assert len(a_cassette) == 1
 def test_cassette_not_played():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
    assert not a.play_count
 def test_cassette_append():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert a.requests == ["foo"]
+    assert a.requests == ['foo']
-    assert a.responses == ["bar"]
+    assert a.responses == ['bar']
 def test_cassette_len():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    a.append("foo2", "bar2")
+    a.append('foo2', 'bar2')
    assert len(a) == 2
@@ -52,34 +47,34 @@ def _mock_requests_match(request1, request2, matchers):
    return request1 == request2
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_contains():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert "foo" in a
+    assert 'foo' in a
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_responses_of():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert a.responses_of("foo") == ["bar"]
+    assert a.responses_of('foo') == ['bar']
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_get_missing_response():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError):
-        a.responses_of("foo")
+        a.responses_of('foo')
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_cant_read_same_request_twice():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    a.play_response("foo")
+    a.play_response('foo')
    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError):
-        a.play_response("foo")
+        a.play_response('foo')
 def make_get_request():
@@ -88,144 +83,104 @@ def make_get_request():
    return conn.getresponse()
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", return_value=True)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', return_value=True)
-@mock.patch(
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.load_cassette', lambda *args, **kwargs: (('foo',), (mock.MagicMock(),)))
-    "vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.load_cassette",
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for', return_value=True)
-    classmethod(lambda *args, **kwargs: (("foo",), (mock.MagicMock(),))),
+@mock.patch('vcr.stubs.VCRHTTPResponse')
 )
@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for", return_value=True)
@mock.patch("vcr.stubs.VCRHTTPResponse")
 def test_function_decorated_with_use_cassette_can_be_invoked_multiple_times(*args):
-    decorated_function = Cassette.use(path="test")(make_get_request)
+    decorated_function = Cassette.use(path='test')(make_get_request)
    for i in range(4):
-        decorated_function()
+         decorated_function()
 def test_arg_getter_functionality():
-    arg_getter = mock.Mock(return_value={"path": "test"})
+    arg_getter = mock.Mock(return_value={'path': 'test'})
    context_decorator = Cassette.use_arg_getter(arg_getter)
    with context_decorator as cassette:
-        assert cassette._path == "test"
+        assert cassette._path == 'test'
-    arg_getter.return_value = {"path": "other"}
+    arg_getter.return_value = {'path': 'other'}
    with context_decorator as cassette:
-        assert cassette._path == "other"
+        assert cassette._path == 'other'
-    arg_getter.return_value = {"path": "other", "filter_headers": ("header_name",)}
+    arg_getter.return_value = {'path': 'other', 'filter_headers': ('header_name',)}
    @context_decorator
    def function():
        pass
-    with mock.patch.object(Cassette, "load", return_value=mock.MagicMock(inject=False)) as cassette_load:
+    with mock.patch.object(
        Cassette, 'load',
        return_value=mock.MagicMock(inject=False)
    ) as cassette_load:
        function()
        cassette_load.assert_called_once_with(**arg_getter.return_value)
 def test_cassette_not_all_played():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
    assert not a.all_played
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_all_played():
-    a = Cassette("test")
+    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    a.play_response("foo")
+    a.play_response('foo')
    assert a.all_played
@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_allow_playback_repeats():
    a = Cassette("test", allow_playback_repeats=True)
    a.append("foo", "bar")
    a.append("other", "resp")
    for x in range(10):
        assert a.play_response("foo") == "bar"
    assert a.play_count == 10
    assert a.all_played is False
    assert a.play_response("other") == "resp"
    assert a.play_count == 11
    assert a.all_played
    a.allow_playback_repeats = False
    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError) as e:
        a.play_response("foo")
    assert str(e.value) == "\"The cassette ('test') doesn't contain the request ('foo') asked for\""
    a.rewind()
    assert a.all_played is False
    assert a.play_response("foo") == "bar"
    assert a.all_played is False
    assert a.play_response("other") == "resp"
    assert a.all_played
@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_rewound():
    a = Cassette("test")
    a.append("foo", "bar")
    a.play_response("foo")
    assert a.all_played
    a.rewind()
    assert not a.all_played
 def test_before_record_response():
-    before_record_response = mock.Mock(return_value="mutated")
+    before_record_response = mock.Mock(return_value='mutated')
-    cassette = Cassette("test", before_record_response=before_record_response)
+    cassette = Cassette('test', before_record_response=before_record_response)
-    cassette.append("req", "res")
+    cassette.append('req', 'res')
-    before_record_response.assert_called_once_with("res")
+    before_record_response.assert_called_once_with('res')
-    assert cassette.responses[0] == "mutated"
+    assert cassette.responses[0] == 'mutated'
 def assert_get_response_body_is(value):
    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
    conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
-    assert conn.getresponse().read().decode("utf8") == value
+    assert conn.getresponse().read().decode('utf8') == value
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for", return_value=True)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for', return_value=True)
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette._save", return_value=True)
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.Cassette._save', return_value=True)
 def test_nesting_cassette_context_managers(*args):
-    first_response = {
+    first_response = {'body': {'string': b'first_response'}, 'headers': {},
-        "body": {"string": b"first_response"},
+                      'status': {'message': 'm', 'code': 200}}
        "headers": {},
        "status": {"message": "m", "code": 200},
    }
    second_response = copy.deepcopy(first_response)
-    second_response["body"]["string"] = b"second_response"
+    second_response['body']['string'] = b'second_response'
    with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
-        first_cassette = exit_stack.enter_context(Cassette.use(path="test"))
+        first_cassette = exit_stack.enter_context(Cassette.use(path='test'))
-        exit_stack.enter_context(
+        exit_stack.enter_context(mock.patch.object(first_cassette, 'play_response',
-            mock.patch.object(first_cassette, "play_response", return_value=first_response)
+                                                    return_value=first_response))
-        )
+        assert_get_response_body_is('first_response')
        assert_get_response_body_is("first_response")
-        # Make sure a second cassette can supersede the first
+        # Make sure a second cassette can supercede the first
-        with Cassette.use(path="test") as second_cassette:
+        with Cassette.use(path='test') as second_cassette:
-            with mock.patch.object(second_cassette, "play_response", return_value=second_response):
+            with mock.patch.object(second_cassette, 'play_response', return_value=second_response):
-                assert_get_response_body_is("second_response")
+                assert_get_response_body_is('second_response')
        # Now the first cassette should be back in effect
-        assert_get_response_body_is("first_response")
+        assert_get_response_body_is('first_response')
 def test_nesting_context_managers_by_checking_references_of_http_connection():
    original = httplib.HTTPConnection
-    with Cassette.use(path="test"):
+    with Cassette.use(path='test'):
        first_cassette_HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTPConnection
-        with Cassette.use(path="test"):
+        with Cassette.use(path='test'):
            second_cassette_HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTPConnection
            assert second_cassette_HTTPConnection is not first_cassette_HTTPConnection
-            with Cassette.use(path="test"):
+            with Cassette.use(path='test'):
                assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not second_cassette_HTTPConnection
                with force_reset():
                    assert httplib.HTTPConnection is original
@@ -234,38 +189,37 @@ def test_nesting_context_managers_by_checking_references_of_http_connection():
 def test_custom_patchers():
-    class Test:
+    class Test(object):
        attribute = None
-
+    with Cassette.use(path='custom_patches',
-    with Cassette.use(path="custom_patches", custom_patches=((Test, "attribute", VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
+                      custom_patches=((Test, 'attribute', VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
        old_attribute = Test.attribute
-        with Cassette.use(path="custom_patches", custom_patches=((Test, "attribute", VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
+        with Cassette.use(path='custom_patches',
                          custom_patches=((Test, 'attribute', VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
            assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
            assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
-            assert Test.attribute is not old_attribute
+            assert  Test.attribute is not old_attribute
        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
-        assert Test.attribute is old_attribute
+        assert  Test.attribute is old_attribute
 def test_decorated_functions_are_reentrant():
    info = {"second": False}
    original_conn = httplib.HTTPConnection
-
+    @Cassette.use(path='whatever', inject=True)
    @Cassette.use(path="whatever", inject=True)
    def test_function(cassette):
-        if info["second"]:
+        if info['second']:
-            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not info["first_conn"]
+            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not info['first_conn']
        else:
-            info["first_conn"] = httplib.HTTPConnection
+            info['first_conn'] = httplib.HTTPConnection
-            info["second"] = True
+            info['second'] = True
            test_function()
-            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is info["first_conn"]
+            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is info['first_conn']
    test_function()
    assert httplib.HTTPConnection is original_conn
@@ -273,57 +227,54 @@ def test_decorated_functions_are_reentrant():
 def test_cassette_use_called_without_path_uses_function_to_generate_path():
    @Cassette.use(inject=True)
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == "function_name"
+        assert cassette._path == 'function_name'
    function_name()
 def test_path_transformer_with_function_path():
-    def path_transformer(path):
+    path_transformer = lambda path: os.path.join('a', path)
        return os.path.join("a", path)
    @Cassette.use(inject=True, path_transformer=path_transformer)
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join("a", "function_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join('a', 'function_name')
    function_name()
 def test_path_transformer_with_context_manager():
-    with Cassette.use(path="b", path_transformer=lambda *args: "a") as cassette:
+    with Cassette.use(
-        assert cassette._path == "a"
+        path='b', path_transformer=lambda *args: 'a'
    ) as cassette:
        assert cassette._path == 'a'
 def test_path_transformer_None():
-    with Cassette.use(path="a", path_transformer=None) as cassette:
+    with Cassette.use(
-        assert cassette._path == "a"
+        path='a', path_transformer=None,
    ) as cassette:
        assert cassette._path == 'a'
 def test_func_path_generator():
    def generator(function):
-        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(function)), function.__name__)
+        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(function)),
-
+                                            function.__name__)
    @Cassette.use(inject=True, func_path_generator=generator)
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "function_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'function_name')
    function_name()
 def test_use_as_decorator_on_coroutine():
-    original_http_connection = httplib.HTTPConnection
+    original_http_connetion = httplib.HTTPConnection
    @Cassette.use(inject=True)
    def test_function(cassette):
        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
-        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connetion
        value = yield 1
        assert value == 1
        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
-        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connetion
        value = yield 2
        assert value == 2
    coroutine = test_function()
    value = next(coroutine)
    while True:
@@ -334,63 +285,28 @@ def test_use_as_decorator_on_coroutine():
 def test_use_as_decorator_on_generator():
-    original_http_connection = httplib.HTTPConnection
+    original_http_connetion = httplib.HTTPConnection
    @Cassette.use(inject=True)
    def test_function(cassette):
        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
-        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connetion
        yield 1
        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
-        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connetion
        yield 2
    assert list(test_function()) == [1, 2]
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.get_matchers_results")
+def test_similar_requests(tmpdir):
-def test_find_requests_with_most_matches_one_similar_request(mock_get_matchers_results):
+    # WIP needs to be finished
-    mock_get_matchers_results.side_effect = [
+    @Cassette.use(inject=True, match_on=(path, query, host, method))
-        (["method"], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+    def test_function(cassette):
-        (["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
-        ([], [("method", "failed : method"), ("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+        conn.request("GET", "/index.html?test=1")
    ]
-    cassette = Cassette("test")
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
-    for request in range(1, 4):
+        conn.request("GET", "/index.html?test=0")
        cassette.append(request, "response")
    result = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches("fake request")
    assert result == [(2, ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")])]
-
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.cool.org")
-@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.get_matchers_results")
+        conn.request("GET", "/index.html?test=0")
-def test_find_requests_with_most_matches_no_similar_requests(mock_get_matchers_results):
+        cassette.similar_requests()
    mock_get_matchers_results.side_effect = [
        ([], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
        ([], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
        ([], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
    ]
    cassette = Cassette("test")
    for request in range(1, 4):
        cassette.append(request, "response")
    result = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches("fake request")
    assert result == []
@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.get_matchers_results")
 def test_find_requests_with_most_matches_many_similar_requests(mock_get_matchers_results):
    mock_get_matchers_results.side_effect = [
        (["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
        (["method"], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
        (["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
    ]
    cassette = Cassette("test")
    for request in range(1, 4):
        cassette.append(request, "response")
    result = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches("fake request")
    assert result == [
        (1, ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
        (3, ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
    ]
--- a/tests/unit/test_errors.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_errors.py
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
 from unittest import mock
 import pytest
 from vcr import errors
 from vcr.cassette import Cassette
@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches")
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "most_matches, expected_message",
    [
        # No request match found
        ([], "No similar requests, that have not been played, found."),
        # One matcher failed
        (
            [("similar request", ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")])],
            "Found 1 similar requests with 1 different matcher(s) :\n"
            "\n1 - ('similar request').\n"
            "Matchers succeeded : ['method', 'path']\n"
            "Matchers failed :\n"
            "query - assertion failure :\n"
            "failed : query\n",
        ),
        # Multiple failed matchers
        (
            [("similar request", ["method"], [("query", "failed : query"), ("path", "failed : path")])],
            "Found 1 similar requests with 2 different matcher(s) :\n"
            "\n1 - ('similar request').\n"
            "Matchers succeeded : ['method']\n"
            "Matchers failed :\n"
            "query - assertion failure :\n"
            "failed : query\n"
            "path - assertion failure :\n"
            "failed : path\n",
        ),
        # Multiple similar requests
        (
            [
                ("similar request", ["method"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
                ("similar request 2", ["method"], [("query", "failed : query 2")]),
            ],
            "Found 2 similar requests with 1 different matcher(s) :\n"
            "\n1 - ('similar request').\n"
            "Matchers succeeded : ['method']\n"
            "Matchers failed :\n"
            "query - assertion failure :\n"
            "failed : query\n"
            "\n2 - ('similar request 2').\n"
            "Matchers succeeded : ['method']\n"
            "Matchers failed :\n"
            "query - assertion failure :\n"
            "failed : query 2\n",
        ),
    ],
 )
 def test_CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException_get_message(
    mock_find_requests_with_most_matches, most_matches, expected_message
 ):
    mock_find_requests_with_most_matches.return_value = most_matches
    cassette = Cassette("path")
    failed_request = "request"
    exception_message = errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException._get_message(cassette, "request")
    expected = (
        "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in your current record mode (%r).\n"
        "No match for the request (%r) was found.\n"
        "%s" % (cassette._path, cassette.record_mode, failed_request, expected_message)
    )
    assert exception_message == expected
--- a/tests/unit/test_filters.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_filters.py
@@ -1,327 +1,96 @@
 import gzip
 import json
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 from unittest import mock
 from vcr.filters import (
    decode_response,
    remove_headers,
    remove_post_data_parameters,
    remove_query_parameters,
-    replace_headers,
+    remove_post_data_parameters
    replace_post_data_parameters,
    replace_query_parameters,
 )
 from vcr.request import Request
-
+import json
 def test_replace_headers():
    # This tests all of:
    #   1. keeping a header
    #   2. removing a header
    #   3. replacing a header
    #   4. replacing a header using a callable
    #   5. removing a header using a callable
    #   6. replacing a header that doesn't exist
    headers = {"one": ["keep"], "two": ["lose"], "three": ["change"], "four": ["shout"], "five": ["whisper"]}
    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
    replace_headers(
        request,
        [
            ("two", None),
            ("three", "tada"),
            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
            ("six", "doesntexist"),
        ],
    )
    assert request.headers == {"one": "keep", "three": "tada", "four": "SHOUT"}
 def test_replace_headers_empty():
    headers = {"hello": "goodbye", "secret": "header"}
    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
    replace_headers(request, [])
    assert request.headers == headers
 def test_replace_headers_callable():
    # This goes beyond test_replace_headers() to ensure that the callable
    # receives the expected arguments.
    headers = {"hey": "there"}
    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
    callme = mock.Mock(return_value="ho")
    replace_headers(request, [("hey", callme)])
    assert request.headers == {"hey": "ho"}
    assert callme.call_args == ((), {"request": request, "key": "hey", "value": "there"})
 def test_remove_headers():
-    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    headers = {'hello': ['goodbye'], 'secret': ['header']}
-    headers = {"hello": ["goodbye"], "secret": ["header"]}
+    request = Request('GET', 'http://google.com', '', headers)
-    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
+    remove_headers(request, ['secret'])
-    remove_headers(request, ["secret"])
+    assert request.headers == {'hello': 'goodbye'}
    assert request.headers == {"hello": "goodbye"}
-def test_replace_query_parameters():
+def test_remove_headers_empty():
-    # This tests all of:
+    headers = {'hello': 'goodbye', 'secret': 'header'}
-    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    request = Request('GET', 'http://google.com', '', headers)
-    #   2. removing a parameter
+    remove_headers(request, [])
-    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    assert request.headers == headers
    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
    uri = "http://g.com/?one=keep&two=lose&three=change&four=shout&five=whisper"
    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
    replace_query_parameters(
        request,
        [
            ("two", None),
            ("three", "tada"),
            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
            ("six", "doesntexist"),
        ],
    )
    assert request.query == [("four", "SHOUT"), ("one", "keep"), ("three", "tada")]
 def test_remove_all_query_parameters():
    uri = "http://g.com/?q=cowboys&w=1"
    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
    replace_query_parameters(request, [("w", None), ("q", None)])
    assert request.uri == "http://g.com/"
 def test_replace_query_parameters_callable():
    # This goes beyond test_replace_query_parameters() to ensure that the
    # callable receives the expected arguments.
    uri = "http://g.com/?hey=there"
    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
    callme = mock.Mock(return_value="ho")
    replace_query_parameters(request, [("hey", callme)])
    assert request.uri == "http://g.com/?hey=ho"
    assert callme.call_args == ((), {"request": request, "key": "hey", "value": "there"})
 def test_remove_query_parameters():
-    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    uri = 'http://g.com/?q=cowboys&w=1'
-    uri = "http://g.com/?q=cowboys&w=1"
+    request = Request('GET', uri, '', {})
-    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    remove_query_parameters(request, ['w'])
-    remove_query_parameters(request, ["w"])
+    assert request.uri == 'http://g.com/?q=cowboys'
    assert request.uri == "http://g.com/?q=cowboys"
-def test_replace_post_data_parameters():
+def test_remove_all_query_parameters():
-    # This tests all of:
+    uri = 'http://g.com/?q=cowboys&w=1'
-    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    request = Request('GET', uri, '', {})
-    #   2. removing a parameter
+    remove_query_parameters(request, ['w', 'q'])
-    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    assert request.uri == 'http://g.com/'
    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
    body = b"one=keep&two=lose&three=change&four=shout&five=whisper"
    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
    replace_post_data_parameters(
        request,
        [
            ("two", None),
            ("three", "tada"),
            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
            ("six", "doesntexist"),
        ],
    )
    assert request.body == b"one=keep&three=tada&four=SHOUT"
-def test_replace_post_data_parameters_empty_body():
+def test_remove_nonexistent_query_parameters():
-    # This test ensures replace_post_data_parameters doesn't throw exception when body is empty.
+    uri = 'http://g.com/'
-    body = None
+    request = Request('GET', uri, '', {})
-    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    remove_query_parameters(request, ['w', 'q'])
-    replace_post_data_parameters(
+    assert request.uri == 'http://g.com/'
        request,
        [
            ("two", None),
            ("three", "tada"),
            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
            ("six", "doesntexist"),
        ],
    )
    assert request.body is None
 def test_remove_post_data_parameters():
-    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    body = b'id=secret&foo=bar'
-    body = b"id=secret&foo=bar"
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id'])
-    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ["id"])
+    assert request.body == b'foo=bar'
    assert request.body == b"foo=bar"
 def test_preserve_multiple_post_data_parameters():
-    body = b"id=secret&foo=bar&foo=baz"
+    body = b'id=secret&foo=bar&foo=baz'
-    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None)])
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id'])
-    assert request.body == b"foo=bar&foo=baz"
+    assert request.body == b'foo=bar&foo=baz'
 def test_remove_all_post_data_parameters():
-    body = b"id=secret&foo=bar"
+    body = b'id=secret&foo=bar'
-    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None), ("foo", None)])
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id', 'foo'])
-    assert request.body == b""
+    assert request.body == b''
-def test_replace_json_post_data_parameters():
+def test_remove_nonexistent_post_data_parameters():
-    # This tests all of:
+    body = b''
-    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    #   2. removing a parameter
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id'])
-    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    assert request.body == b''
    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
    body = b'{"one": "keep", "two": "lose", "three": "change", "four": "shout", "five": "whisper"}'
    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
    replace_post_data_parameters(
        request,
        [
            ("two", None),
            ("three", "tada"),
            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
            ("six", "doesntexist"),
        ],
    )
    request_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    expected_data = json.loads('{"one": "keep", "three": "tada", "four": "SHOUT"}')
    assert request_data == expected_data
 def test_remove_json_post_data_parameters():
    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
    body = b'{"id": "secret", "foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}'
-    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    request.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ["id"])
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id'])
-    request_body_json = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
+    request_body_json = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
-    expected_json = json.loads(b'{"foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}'.decode("utf-8"))
+    expected_json = json.loads(b'{"foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}'.decode('utf-8'))
    assert request_body_json == expected_json
 def test_remove_all_json_post_data_parameters():
    body = b'{"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}'
-    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    request.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None), ("foo", None)])
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id', 'foo'])
-    assert request.body == b"{}"
+    assert request.body == b'{}'
-def test_replace_dict_post_data_parameters():
+def test_remove_nonexistent_json_post_data_parameters():
-    # This tests all of:
+    body = b'{}'
-    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    request = Request('POST', 'http://google.com', body, {})
-    #   2. removing a parameter
+    request.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ['id'])
-    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
+    assert request.body == b'{}'
    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
    body = {"one": "keep", "two": "lose", "three": "change", "four": "shout", "five": "whisper"}
    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
    replace_post_data_parameters(
        request,
        [
            ("two", None),
            ("three", "tada"),
            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
            ("six", "doesntexist"),
        ],
    )
    expected_data = {"one": "keep", "three": "tada", "four": "SHOUT"}
    assert request.body == expected_data
 def test_remove_dict_post_data_parameters():
    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
    body = {"id": "secret", "foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}
    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ["id"])
    expected_data = {"foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}
    assert request.body == expected_data
 def test_remove_all_dict_post_data_parameters():
    body = {"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}
    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None), ("foo", None)])
    assert request.body == {}
 def test_decode_response_uncompressed():
    recorded_response = {
        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
        "headers": {
            "content-length": ["10806"],
            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {"string": b""},
    }
    assert decode_response(recorded_response) == recorded_response
 def test_decode_response_deflate():
    body = b"deflate message"
    deflate_response = {
        "body": {"string": zlib.compress(body)},
        "headers": {
            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
            "connection": ["keep-alive"],
            "content-encoding": ["deflate"],
            "content-length": ["177"],
            "content-type": ["application/json"],
            "date": ["Wed, 02 Dec 2015 19:44:32 GMT"],
            "server": ["nginx"],
        },
        "status": {"code": 200, "message": "OK"},
    }
    decoded_response = decode_response(deflate_response)
    assert decoded_response["body"]["string"] == body
    assert decoded_response["headers"]["content-length"] == [str(len(body))]
 def test_decode_response_gzip():
    body = b"gzip message"
    buf = BytesIO()
    f = gzip.GzipFile("a", fileobj=buf, mode="wb")
    f.write(body)
    f.close()
    compressed_body = buf.getvalue()
    buf.close()
    gzip_response = {
        "body": {"string": compressed_body},
        "headers": {
            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
            "connection": ["keep-alive"],
            "content-encoding": ["gzip"],
            "content-length": ["177"],
            "content-type": ["application/json"],
            "date": ["Wed, 02 Dec 2015 19:44:32 GMT"],
            "server": ["nginx"],
        },
        "status": {"code": 200, "message": "OK"},
    }
    decoded_response = decode_response(gzip_response)
    assert decoded_response["body"]["string"] == body
    assert decoded_response["headers"]["content-length"] == [str(len(body))]
--- a/tests/unit/test_json_serializer.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_json_serializer.py
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 import pytest
 from vcr.request import Request
 from vcr.serializers.jsonserializer import serialize
 from vcr.request import Request
 def test_serialize_binary():
-    request = Request(method="GET", uri="http://localhost/", body="", headers={})
+    request = Request(
-    cassette = {"requests": [request], "responses": [{"body": b"\x8c"}]}
+        method='GET',
        uri='http://localhost/',
        body='',
        headers={},
    )
    cassette = {'requests': [request], 'responses': [{'body': b'\x8c'}]}
    with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:
        serialize(cassette)
-        assert (
+        assert e.message == "Error serializing cassette to JSON. Does this \
            e.message
            == "Error serializing cassette to JSON. Does this \
            HTTP interaction contain binary data? If so, use a different \
            serializer (like the yaml serializer) for this request"
        )
--- a/tests/unit/test_matchers.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_matchers.py
@@ -1,273 +1,159 @@
 import itertools
 from unittest import mock
 import pytest
-from vcr import matchers, request
+from vcr import matchers
 from vcr import request
 # the dict contains requests with corresponding to its key difference
 # with 'base' request.
 REQUESTS = {
-    "base": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    'base': request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/p?a=b', '', {}),
-    "method": request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    'method': request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/p?a=b', '', {}),
-    "scheme": request.Request("GET", "https://host.com:80/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    'scheme': request.Request('GET', 'https://host.com:80/p?a=b', '', {}),
-    "host": request.Request("GET", "http://another-host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    'host': request.Request('GET', 'http://another-host.com/p?a=b', '', {}),
-    "port": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com:90/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    'port': request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com:90/p?a=b', '', {}),
-    "path": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/x?a=b", "", {}),
+    'path': request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/x?a=b', '', {}),
-    "query": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?c=d", "", {}),
+    'query': request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/p?c=d', '', {}),
 }
 def assert_matcher(matcher_name):
    matcher = getattr(matchers, matcher_name)
    for k1, k2 in itertools.permutations(REQUESTS, 2):
-        expecting_assertion_error = matcher_name in {k1, k2}
+        matched = matcher(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2])
-        if expecting_assertion_error:
+        if matcher_name in set((k1, k2)):
-            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            assert not matched
                matcher(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2])
        else:
-            assert matcher(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2]) is None
+            assert matched
 def test_uri_matcher():
    for k1, k2 in itertools.permutations(REQUESTS, 2):
-        expecting_assertion_error = {k1, k2} != {"base", "method"}
+        matched = matchers.uri(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2])
-        if expecting_assertion_error:
+        if set((k1, k2)) != set(('base', 'method')):
-            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            assert not matched
                matchers.uri(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2])
        else:
-            assert matchers.uri(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2]) is None
+            assert matched
-req1_body = (
+req1_body = (b"<?xml version='1.0'?><methodCall><methodName>test</methodName>"
-    b"<?xml version='1.0'?><methodCall><methodName>test</methodName>"
+             b"<params><param><value><array><data><value><struct>"
-    b"<params><param><value><array><data><value><struct>"
+             b"<member><name>a</name><value><string>1</string></value></member>"
-    b"<member><name>a</name><value><string>1</string></value></member>"
+             b"<member><name>b</name><value><string>2</string></value></member>"
-    b"<member><name>b</name><value><string>2</string></value></member>"
+             b"</struct></value></data></array></value></param></params></methodCall>")
-    b"</struct></value></data></array></value></param></params></methodCall>"
+req2_body = (b"<?xml version='1.0'?><methodCall><methodName>test</methodName>"
-)
+             b"<params><param><value><array><data><value><struct>"
-req2_body = (
+             b"<member><name>b</name><value><string>2</string></value></member>"
-    b"<?xml version='1.0'?><methodCall><methodName>test</methodName>"
+             b"<member><name>a</name><value><string>1</string></value></member>"
-    b"<params><param><value><array><data><value><struct>"
+             b"</struct></value></data></array></value></param></params></methodCall>")
    b"<member><name>b</name><value><string>2</string></value></member>"
    b"<member><name>a</name><value><string>1</string></value></member>"
    b"</struct></value></data></array></value></param></params></methodCall>"
 )
 boto3_bytes_headers = {
    "X-Amz-Content-SHA256": b"UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD",
    "Cache-Control": b"max-age=31536000, public",
    "X-Amz-Date": b"20191102T143910Z",
    "User-Agent": b"Boto3/1.9.102 Python/3.5.3 Linux/4.15.0-54-generic Botocore/1.12.253 Resource",
    "Content-MD5": b"GQqjEXsRqrPyxfTl99nkAg==",
    "Content-Type": b"text/plain",
    "Expect": b"100-continue",
    "Content-Length": "21",
 }
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("r1, r2", [
-    "r1, r2",
+    (
-    [
+        request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/', '123', {}),
-        (
+        request.Request('POST', 'http://another-host.com/',
-            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", "123", {}),
+                        '123', {'Some-Header': 'value'})
-            request.Request("POST", "http://another-host.com/", "123", {"Some-Header": "value"}),
+    ),
    (
        request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/', 'a=1&b=2',
                        {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}),
        request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/', 'b=2&a=1',
                        {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})
    ),
    (
        request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/', '123', {}),
        request.Request('POST', 'http://another-host.com/', '123', {'Some-Header': 'value'})
    ),
    (
        request.Request(
            'POST', 'http://host.com/', 'a=1&b=2',
            {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
        ),
-        (
+        request.Request(
-            request.Request(
+            'POST', 'http://host.com/', 'b=2&a=1',
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", "a=1&b=2", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+            {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
-            ),
+        )
-            request.Request(
+    ),
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", "b=2&a=1", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+    (
-            ),
+        request.Request(
            'POST', 'http://host.com/', '{"a": 1, "b": 2}',
            {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        ),
-        (
+        request.Request(
-            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", "123", {}),
+            'POST', 'http://host.com/', '{"b": 2, "a": 1}',
-            request.Request("POST", "http://another-host.com/", "123", {"Some-Header": "value"}),
+            {'content-type': 'application/json'}
        )
    ),
    (
        request.Request(
            'POST', 'http://host.com/', req1_body,
            {'User-Agent': 'xmlrpclib', 'Content-Type': 'text/xml'}
        ),
-        (
+        request.Request(
-            request.Request(
+            'POST', 'http://host.com/', req2_body,
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", "a=1&b=2", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+            {'user-agent': 'somexmlrpc', 'content-type': 'text/xml'}
-            ),
+        )
-            request.Request(
+    ),
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", "b=2&a=1", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+    (
-            ),
+        request.Request(
            'POST', 'http://host.com/',
            '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        ),
-        (
+        request.Request(
-            request.Request(
+            'POST', 'http://host.com/',
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {'content-type': 'application/json'}
-            ),
+        )
-            request.Request(
+    )
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {"content-type": "application/json"}
+])
            ),
        ),
        (
            request.Request(
                "POST", "http://host.com/", req1_body, {"User-Agent": "xmlrpclib", "Content-Type": "text/xml"}
            ),
            request.Request(
                "POST",
                "http://host.com/",
                req2_body,
                {"user-agent": "somexmlrpc", "content-type": "text/xml"},
            ),
        ),
        (
            request.Request(
                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
            ),
            request.Request(
                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {"content-type": "application/json"}
            ),
        ),
        (
            # special case for boto3 bytes headers
            request.Request("POST", "http://aws.custom.com/", b"123", boto3_bytes_headers),
            request.Request("POST", "http://aws.custom.com/", b"123", boto3_bytes_headers),
        ),
    ],
 )
 def test_body_matcher_does_match(r1, r2):
-    assert matchers.body(r1, r2) is None
+    assert matchers.body(r1, r2)
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("r1, r2", [
-    "r1, r2",
+    (
-    [
+        request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/', '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {}),
-        (
+        request.Request('POST', 'http://host.com/', '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {}),
-            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {}),
+    ),
-            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {}),
+    (
        request.Request(
            'POST', 'http://host.com/',
            '{"a": 1, "b": 3}', {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        ),
-        (
+        request.Request(
-            request.Request(
+            'POST', 'http://host.com/',
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 3}', {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {'content-type': 'application/json'}
-            ),
+        )
-            request.Request(
+    ),
-                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {"content-type": "application/json"}
+    (
-            ),
+        request.Request(
            'POST', 'http://host.com/', req1_body, {'Content-Type': 'text/xml'}
        ),
-        (
+        request.Request(
-            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", req1_body, {"Content-Type": "text/xml"}),
+            'POST', 'http://host.com/', req2_body, {'content-type': 'text/xml'}
-            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", req2_body, {"content-type": "text/xml"}),
+        )
-        ),
+    )
-    ],
+])
 )
 def test_body_match_does_not_match(r1, r2):
-    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+    assert not matchers.body(r1, r2)
        matchers.body(r1, r2)
 def test_query_matcher():
-    req1 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?a=b&c=d", "", {})
+    req1 = request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/?a=b&c=d', '', {})
-    req2 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?c=d&a=b", "", {})
+    req2 = request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/?c=d&a=b', '', {})
-    assert matchers.query(req1, req2) is None
+    assert matchers.query(req1, req2)
-    req1 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?a=b&a=b&c=d", "", {})
+    req1 = request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/?a=b&a=b&c=d', '', {})
-    req2 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?a=b&c=d&a=b", "", {})
+    req2 = request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/?a=b&c=d&a=b', '', {})
-    req3 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?c=d&a=b&a=b", "", {})
+    req3 = request.Request('GET', 'http://host.com/?c=d&a=b&a=b', '', {})
-    assert matchers.query(req1, req2) is None
+    assert matchers.query(req1, req2)
-    assert matchers.query(req1, req3) is None
+    assert matchers.query(req1, req3)
-def test_matchers():
+def test_metchers():
-    assert_matcher("method")
+    assert_matcher('method')
-    assert_matcher("scheme")
+    assert_matcher('scheme')
-    assert_matcher("host")
+    assert_matcher('host')
-    assert_matcher("port")
+    assert_matcher('port')
-    assert_matcher("path")
+    assert_matcher('path')
-    assert_matcher("query")
+    assert_matcher('query')
 def test_evaluate_matcher_does_match():
    def bool_matcher(r1, r2):
        return True
    def assertion_matcher(r1, r2):
        assert 1 == 1
    r1, r2 = None, None
    for matcher in [bool_matcher, assertion_matcher]:
        match, assertion_msg = matchers._evaluate_matcher(matcher, r1, r2)
        assert match is True
        assert assertion_msg is None
 def test_evaluate_matcher_does_not_match():
    def bool_matcher(r1, r2):
        return False
    def assertion_matcher(r1, r2):
        # This is like the "assert" statement preventing pytest to recompile it
        raise AssertionError()
    r1, r2 = None, None
    for matcher in [bool_matcher, assertion_matcher]:
        match, assertion_msg = matchers._evaluate_matcher(matcher, r1, r2)
        assert match is False
        assert not assertion_msg
 def test_evaluate_matcher_does_not_match_with_assert_message():
    def assertion_matcher(r1, r2):
        # This is like the "assert" statement preventing pytest to recompile it
        raise AssertionError("Failing matcher")
    r1, r2 = None, None
    match, assertion_msg = matchers._evaluate_matcher(assertion_matcher, r1, r2)
    assert match is False
    assert assertion_msg == "Failing matcher"
 def test_get_assertion_message():
    assert matchers.get_assertion_message(None) is None
    assert matchers.get_assertion_message("") == ""
 def test_get_assertion_message_with_details():
    assertion_msg = "q1=1 != q2=1"
    expected = assertion_msg
    assert matchers.get_assertion_message(assertion_msg) == expected
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "r1, r2, expected_successes, expected_failures",
    [
        (
            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
            ["method", "path"],
            [],
        ),
        (
            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
            ["path"],
            ["method"],
        ),
        (
            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/path?a=b", "", {}),
            [],
            ["method", "path"],
        ),
    ],
 )
 def test_get_matchers_results(r1, r2, expected_successes, expected_failures):
    successes, failures = matchers.get_matchers_results(r1, r2, [matchers.method, matchers.path])
    assert successes == expected_successes
    assert len(failures) == len(expected_failures)
    for i, expected_failure in enumerate(expected_failures):
        assert failures[i][0] == expected_failure
        assert failures[i][1] is not None
@mock.patch("vcr.matchers.get_matchers_results")
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "successes, failures, expected_match",
    [(["method", "path"], [], True), (["method"], ["path"], False), ([], ["method", "path"], False)],
 )
 def test_requests_match(mock_get_matchers_results, successes, failures, expected_match):
    mock_get_matchers_results.return_value = (successes, failures)
    r1 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {})
    r2 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {})
    match = matchers.requests_match(r1, r2, [matchers.method, matchers.path])
    assert match is expected_match
--- a/tests/unit/test_migration.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_migration.py
@@ -1,48 +1,41 @@
 import filecmp
 import json
 import shutil
 import yaml
 import vcr.migration
 # Use the libYAML versions if possible
 try:
    from yaml import CLoader as Loader
 except ImportError:
    from yaml import Loader
 def test_try_migrate_with_json(tmpdir):
-    cassette = tmpdir.join("cassette.json").strpath
+    cassette = tmpdir.join('cassette.json').strpath
-    shutil.copy("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json", cassette)
+    shutil.copy('tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json', cassette)
    assert vcr.migration.try_migrate(cassette)
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json", "r") as f:
+    with open('tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json', 'r') as f:
        expected_json = json.load(f)
-    with open(cassette, "r") as f:
+    with open(cassette, 'r') as f:
        actual_json = json.load(f)
    assert actual_json == expected_json
 def test_try_migrate_with_yaml(tmpdir):
-    cassette = tmpdir.join("cassette.yaml").strpath
+    cassette = tmpdir.join('cassette.yaml').strpath
-    shutil.copy("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml", cassette)
+    shutil.copy('tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml', cassette)
    assert vcr.migration.try_migrate(cassette)
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml", "r") as f:
+    with open('tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml', 'r') as f:
-        expected_yaml = yaml.load(f, Loader=Loader)
+        expected_yaml = yaml.load(f)
-    with open(cassette, "r") as f:
+    with open(cassette, 'r') as f:
-        actual_yaml = yaml.load(f, Loader=Loader)
+        actual_yaml = yaml.load(f)
    assert actual_yaml == expected_yaml
 def test_try_migrate_with_invalid_or_new_cassettes(tmpdir):
-    cassette = tmpdir.join("cassette").strpath
+    cassette = tmpdir.join('cassette').strpath
    files = [
-        "tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt",
+        'tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt',
-        "tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml",
+        'tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml',
-        "tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json",
+        'tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json',
    ]
    for file_path in files:
        shutil.copy(file_path, cassette)
        assert not vcr.migration.try_migrate(cassette)
-        assert filecmp.cmp(cassette, file_path)  # should not change file
+        assert filecmp.cmp(cassette, file_path)  # shold not change file
--- a/tests/unit/test_persist.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_persist.py
@@ -1,30 +1,24 @@
 import pytest
-from vcr.persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
+import vcr.persist
 from vcr.serializers import jsonserializer, yamlserializer
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("cassette_path, serializer", [
-    "cassette_path, serializer",
+    ('tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json', jsonserializer),
-    [
+    ('tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml', yamlserializer),
-        ("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json", jsonserializer),
+])
        ("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml", yamlserializer),
    ],
 )
 def test_load_cassette_with_old_cassettes(cassette_path, serializer):
    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
-        FilesystemPersister.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
+        vcr.persist.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
    assert "run the migration script" in excinfo.exconly()
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("cassette_path, serializer", [
-    "cassette_path, serializer",
+    ('tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt', jsonserializer),
-    [
+    ('tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt', yamlserializer),
-        ("tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt", jsonserializer),
+])
        ("tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt", yamlserializer),
    ],
 )
 def test_load_cassette_with_invalid_cassettes(cassette_path, serializer):
    with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
-        FilesystemPersister.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
+        vcr.persist.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
    assert "run the migration script" not in excinfo.exconly()
--- a/tests/unit/test_request.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_request.py
@@ -1,85 +1,70 @@
 import pytest
-from vcr.request import HeadersDict, Request
+from vcr.request import Request, HeadersDict
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+def test_str():
-    "method, uri, expected_str",
+    req = Request('GET', 'http://www.google.com/', '', {})
-    [
+    str(req) == '<Request (GET) http://www.google.com/>'
        ("GET", "http://www.google.com/", "<Request (GET) http://www.google.com/>"),
        ("OPTIONS", "*", "<Request (OPTIONS) *>"),
        ("CONNECT", "host.some.where:1234", "<Request (CONNECT) host.some.where:1234>"),
    ],
 )
 def test_str(method, uri, expected_str):
    assert str(Request(method, uri, "", {})) == expected_str
 def test_headers():
-    headers = {"X-Header1": ["h1"], "X-Header2": "h2"}
+    headers = {'X-Header1': ['h1'], 'X-Header2': 'h2'}
-    req = Request("GET", "http://go.com/", "", headers)
+    req = Request('GET', 'http://go.com/', '', headers)
-    assert req.headers == {"X-Header1": "h1", "X-Header2": "h2"}
+    assert req.headers == {'X-Header1': 'h1', 'X-Header2': 'h2'}
-    req.headers["X-Header1"] = "h11"
+    req.headers['X-Header1'] = 'h11'
-    assert req.headers == {"X-Header1": "h11", "X-Header2": "h2"}
+    assert req.headers == {'X-Header1': 'h11', 'X-Header2': 'h2'}
 def test_add_header_deprecated():
-    req = Request("GET", "http://go.com/", "", {})
+    req = Request('GET', 'http://go.com/', '', {})
-    pytest.deprecated_call(req.add_header, "foo", "bar")
+    pytest.deprecated_call(req.add_header, 'foo', 'bar')
-    assert req.headers == {"foo": "bar"}
+    assert req.headers == {'foo': 'bar'}
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("uri, expected_port", [
-    "uri, expected_port",
+    ('http://go.com/', 80),
-    [
+    ('http://go.com:80/', 80),
-        ("http://go.com/", 80),
+    ('http://go.com:3000/', 3000),
-        ("http://go.com:80/", 80),
+    ('https://go.com/', 443),
-        ("http://go.com:3000/", 3000),
+    ('https://go.com:443/', 443),
-        ("https://go.com/", 443),
+    ('https://go.com:3000/', 3000),
-        ("https://go.com:443/", 443),
+    ])
        ("https://go.com:3000/", 3000),
        ("*", None),
    ],
 )
 def test_port(uri, expected_port):
-    req = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    req = Request('GET', uri,  '', {})
    assert req.port == expected_port
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+def test_uri():
-    "method, uri",
+    req = Request('GET', 'http://go.com/', '', {})
-    [
+    assert req.uri == 'http://go.com/'
-        ("GET", "http://go.com/"),
+
-        ("GET", "http://go.com:80/"),
+    req = Request('GET', 'http://go.com:80/', '', {})
-        ("CONNECT", "localhost:1234"),
+    assert req.uri == 'http://go.com:80/'
        ("OPTIONS", "*"),
    ],
 )
 def test_uri(method, uri):
    assert Request(method, uri, "", {}).uri == uri
 def test_HeadersDict():
    # Simple test of CaseInsensitiveDict
    h = HeadersDict()
    assert h == {}
-    h["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    h['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-    assert h == {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    assert h == {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
-    assert h["content-type"] == "application/json"
+    assert h['content-type'] == 'application/json'
-    assert h["CONTENT-TYPE"] == "application/json"
+    assert h['CONTENT-TYPE'] == 'application/json'
    # Test feature of HeadersDict: devolve list to first element
    h = HeadersDict()
    assert h == {}
-    h["x"] = ["foo", "bar"]
+    h['x'] = ['foo', 'bar']
-    assert h == {"x": "foo"}
+    assert h == {'x': 'foo'}
    # Test feature of HeadersDict: preserve original key case
    h = HeadersDict()
    assert h == {}
-    h["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    h['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-    assert h == {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    assert h == {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
-    h["content-type"] = "text/plain"
+    h['content-type'] = 'text/plain'
-    assert h == {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}
+    assert h == {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}
-    h["CONtent-tyPE"] = "whoa"
+    h['CONtent-tyPE'] = 'whoa'
-    assert h == {"Content-Type": "whoa"}
+    assert h == {'Content-Type': 'whoa'}
--- a/tests/unit/test_response.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_response.py
@@ -1,67 +1,13 @@
 # coding: UTF-8
 import io
 from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPResponse
 def test_response_should_have_headers_field():
    recorded_response = {
-        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
+        "status": {
-        "headers": {
+            "message": "OK",
-            "content-length": ["0"],
+            "code": 200
            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
            "connection": ["Close"],
            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {"string": b""},
    }
    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
    assert response.headers is not None
 def test_response_headers_should_be_equal_to_msg():
    recorded_response = {
        "status": {"message": b"OK", "code": 200},
        "headers": {
            "content-length": ["0"],
            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
            "connection": ["Close"],
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {"string": b""},
    }
    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
    assert response.headers == response.msg
 def test_response_headers_should_have_correct_values():
    recorded_response = {
        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
        "headers": {
            "content-length": ["10806"],
            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {"string": b""},
    }
    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
    assert response.headers.get("content-length") == "10806"
    assert response.headers.get("date") == "Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"
 def test_response_parses_correctly_and_fp_attribute_error_is_not_thrown():
    """
    Regression test for https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/440
    :return:
    """
    recorded_response = {
        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
        "headers": {
            "content-length": ["0"],
            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
@@ -72,28 +18,51 @@ def test_response_parses_correctly_and_fp_attribute_error_is_not_thrown():
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {
-            "string": b"\nPMID- 19416910\nOWN - NLM\nSTAT- MEDLINE\nDA  - 20090513\nDCOM- "
+            "string": b""
-            b"20090622\nLR  - "
+        }
            b"20141209\nIS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)\nIS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)\nVI  - "
            b"106\nIP  - "
            b"19\nDP  - 2009 May 12\nTI  - Genetic dissection of histone deacetylase "
            b"requirement in "
            b"tumor cells.\nPG  - 7751-5\nLID - 10.1073/pnas.0903139106 [doi]\nAB  - "
            b"Histone "
            b"deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) represent a new group of drugs currently\n "
            b"     being "
            b"tested in a wide variety of clinical applications. They are especially\n  "
            b"    effective "
            b"in preclinical models of cancer where they show antiproliferative\n      "
            b"action in many "
            b"different types of cancer cells. Recently, the first HDACi was\n      "
            b"approved for the "
            b"treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Most HDACi currently in\n      "
            b"clinical "
        },
    }
-    vcr_response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
+    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
-    handle = io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(vcr_response), encoding="utf-8")
+
-    handle = iter(handle)
+    assert response.headers is not None
-    articles = [line for line in handle]
+
-    assert len(articles) > 1
+
 def test_response_headers_should_be_equal_to_msg():
    recorded_response = {
        "status": {
            "message": b"OK",
            "code": 200
        },
        "headers": {
            "content-length": ["0"],
            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
            "connection": ["Close"],
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {
            "string": b""
        }
    }
    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
    assert response.headers == response.msg
 def test_response_headers_should_have_correct_values():
    recorded_response = {
        "status": {
            "message": "OK",
            "code": 200
        },
        "headers": {
            "content-length": ["10806"],
            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
        },
        "body": {
            "string": b""
        }
    }
    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
    assert response.headers.get('content-length') == "10806"
    assert response.headers.get('date') == "Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"
--- a/tests/unit/test_serialize.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_serialize.py
@@ -1,36 +1,34 @@
 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
 from unittest import mock
 import pytest
-from vcr.request import Request
+from vcr.compat import mock
-from vcr.serialize import deserialize, serialize
+from vcr.serialize import deserialize
-from vcr.serializers import compat, jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+from vcr.serializers import yamlserializer, jsonserializer
 def test_deserialize_old_yaml_cassette():
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml", "r") as f:
+    with open('tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml', 'r') as f:
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
 def test_deserialize_old_json_cassette():
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json", "r") as f:
+    with open('tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json', 'r') as f:
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            deserialize(f.read(), jsonserializer)
 def test_deserialize_new_yaml_cassette():
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml", "r") as f:
+    with open('tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml', 'r') as f:
        deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
 def test_deserialize_new_json_cassette():
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json", "r") as f:
+    with open('tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json', 'r') as f:
        deserialize(f.read(), jsonserializer)
-REQBODY_TEMPLATE = """\
+REQBODY_TEMPLATE = u'''\
 interactions:
 - request:
    body: {req_body}
@@ -45,76 +43,43 @@ interactions:
      content-length: ['0']
      content-type: [application/json]
    status: {{code: 200, message: OK}}
-"""
+'''
 # A cassette generated under Python 2 stores the request body as a string,
 # but the same cassette generated under Python 3 stores it as "!!binary".
 # Make sure we accept both forms, regardless of whether we're running under
 # Python 2 or 3.
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("req_body, expect", [
-    "req_body, expect",
+    # Cassette written under Python 2 (pure ASCII body)
-    [
+    ('x=5&y=2', b'x=5&y=2'),
-        # Cassette written under Python 2 (pure ASCII body)
+    # Cassette written under Python 3 (pure ASCII body)
-        ("x=5&y=2", b"x=5&y=2"),
+    ('!!binary |\n      eD01Jnk9Mg==', b'x=5&y=2'),
-        # Cassette written under Python 3 (pure ASCII body)
+
-        ("!!binary |\n      eD01Jnk9Mg==", b"x=5&y=2"),
+    # Request body has non-ASCII chars (x=föo&y=2), encoded in UTF-8.
-        # Request body has non-ASCII chars (x=föo&y=2), encoded in UTF-8.
+    ('!!python/str "x=f\\xF6o&y=2"', b'x=f\xc3\xb6o&y=2'),
-        ('!!python/str "x=f\\xF6o&y=2"', b"x=f\xc3\xb6o&y=2"),
+    ('!!binary |\n      eD1mw7ZvJnk9Mg==', b'x=f\xc3\xb6o&y=2'),
-        ("!!binary |\n      eD1mw7ZvJnk9Mg==", b"x=f\xc3\xb6o&y=2"),
+
-        # Same request body, this time encoded in UTF-16. In this case, we
+    # Same request body, this time encoded in UTF-16. In this case, we
-        # write the same YAML file under both Python 2 and 3, so there's only
+    # write the same YAML file under both Python 2 and 3, so there's only
-        # one test case here.
+    # one test case here.
-        (
+    ('!!binary |\n      //54AD0AZgD2AG8AJgB5AD0AMgA=',
-            "!!binary |\n      //54AD0AZgD2AG8AJgB5AD0AMgA=",
+     b'\xff\xfex\x00=\x00f\x00\xf6\x00o\x00&\x00y\x00=\x002\x00'),
-            b"\xff\xfex\x00=\x00f\x00\xf6\x00o\x00&\x00y\x00=\x002\x00",
+
-        ),
+    # Same again, this time encoded in ISO-8859-1.
-        # Same again, this time encoded in ISO-8859-1.
+    ('!!binary |\n      eD1m9m8meT0y', b'x=f\xf6o&y=2'),
-        ("!!binary |\n      eD1m9m8meT0y", b"x=f\xf6o&y=2"),
+])
    ],
 )
 def test_deserialize_py2py3_yaml_cassette(tmpdir, req_body, expect):
-    cfile = tmpdir.join("test_cassette.yaml")
+    cfile = tmpdir.join('test_cassette.yaml')
    cfile.write(REQBODY_TEMPLATE.format(req_body=req_body))
    with open(str(cfile)) as f:
        (requests, responses) = deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
    assert requests[0].body == expect
-@mock.patch.object(
+@mock.patch.object(jsonserializer.json, 'dumps',
-    jsonserializer.json,
+                   side_effect=UnicodeDecodeError('utf-8', b'unicode error in serialization',
-    "dumps",
+                                                  0, 10, 'blew up'))
    side_effect=UnicodeDecodeError("utf-8", b"unicode error in serialization", 0, 10, "blew up"),
 )
 def test_serialize_constructs_UnicodeDecodeError(mock_dumps):
    with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError):
        jsonserializer.serialize({})
 def test_serialize_empty_request():
    request = Request(method="POST", uri="http://localhost/", body="", headers={})
    serialize({"requests": [request], "responses": [{}]}, jsonserializer)
 def test_serialize_json_request():
    request = Request(method="POST", uri="http://localhost/", body="{'hello': 'world'}", headers={})
    serialize({"requests": [request], "responses": [{}]}, jsonserializer)
 def test_serialize_binary_request():
    msg = "Does this HTTP interaction contain binary data?"
    request = Request(method="POST", uri="http://localhost/", body=b"\x8c", headers={})
    try:
        serialize({"requests": [request], "responses": [{}]}, jsonserializer)
    except (UnicodeDecodeError, TypeError) as exc:
        assert msg in str(exc)
 def test_deserialize_no_body_string():
    data = {"body": {"string": None}}
    output = compat.convert_to_bytes(data)
    assert data == output
--- a/tests/unit/test_stubs.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_stubs.py
@@ -1,19 +1,7 @@
 from unittest import mock
 from vcr import mode
 from vcr.cassette import Cassette
 from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
-
+class TestVCRConnection(object):
-class TestVCRConnection:
+    def test_setting_of_attributes_get_propogated_to_real_connection(self):
-    def test_setting_of_attributes_get_propagated_to_real_connection(self):
+        vcr_connection = VCRHTTPSConnection('www.examplehost.com')
-        vcr_connection = VCRHTTPSConnection("www.examplehost.com")
+        vcr_connection.ssl_version = 'example_ssl_version'
-        vcr_connection.ssl_version = "example_ssl_version"
+        assert vcr_connection.real_connection.ssl_version == 'example_ssl_version'
        assert vcr_connection.real_connection.ssl_version == "example_ssl_version"
    @mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for", return_value=False)
    def testing_connect(*args):
        vcr_connection = VCRHTTPSConnection("www.google.com")
        vcr_connection.cassette = Cassette("test", record_mode=mode.ALL)
        vcr_connection.real_connection.connect()
        assert vcr_connection.real_connection.sock is not None
--- a/tests/unit/test_vcr.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_vcr.py
@@ -1,105 +1,92 @@
 import http.client as httplib
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest import mock
 import pytest
 from six.moves import http_client as httplib
-from vcr import VCR, mode, use_cassette
+from vcr import VCR, use_cassette
-from vcr.patch import _HTTPConnection, force_reset
+from vcr.compat import mock
 from vcr.request import Request
 from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
 from vcr.patch import _HTTPConnection, force_reset
 def test_vcr_use_cassette():
    record_mode = mock.Mock()
    test_vcr = VCR(record_mode=record_mode)
    with mock.patch(
-        "vcr.cassette.Cassette.load", return_value=mock.MagicMock(inject=False)
+        'vcr.cassette.Cassette.load',
        return_value=mock.MagicMock(inject=False)
    ) as mock_cassette_load:
-        @test_vcr.use_cassette("test")
+        @test_vcr.use_cassette('test')
        def function():
            pass
        assert mock_cassette_load.call_count == 0
        function()
-        assert mock_cassette_load.call_args[1]["record_mode"] is record_mode
+        assert mock_cassette_load.call_args[1]['record_mode'] is record_mode
        # Make sure that calls to function now use cassettes with the
        # new filter_header_settings
        test_vcr.record_mode = mock.Mock()
        function()
-        assert mock_cassette_load.call_args[1]["record_mode"] == test_vcr.record_mode
+        assert mock_cassette_load.call_args[1]['record_mode'] == test_vcr.record_mode
-        # Ensure that explicitly provided arguments still supersede
+        # Ensure that explicitly provided arguments still supercede
        # those on the vcr.
        new_record_mode = mock.Mock()
-    with test_vcr.use_cassette("test", record_mode=new_record_mode) as cassette:
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette('test', record_mode=new_record_mode) as cassette:
        assert cassette.record_mode == new_record_mode
 def test_vcr_before_record_request_params():
-    base_path = "http://whatever.test/"
+    base_path = 'http://httpbin.org/'
    def before_record_cb(request):
-        if request.path != "/get":
+        if request.path != '/get':
            return request
-    test_vcr = VCR(
+    test_vcr = VCR(filter_headers=('cookie',), before_record_request=before_record_cb,
-        filter_headers=("cookie", ("bert", "ernie")),
+                   ignore_hosts=('www.test.com',), ignore_localhost=True,
-        before_record_request=before_record_cb,
+                   filter_query_parameters=('foo',))
        ignore_hosts=("www.test.com",),
        ignore_localhost=True,
        filter_query_parameters=("foo", ("tom", "jerry")),
        filter_post_data_parameters=("posted", ("no", "trespassing")),
    )
-    with test_vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
-        # Test explicit before_record_cb
+        assert cassette.filter_request(Request('GET', base_path + 'get', '', {})) is None
-        request_get = Request("GET", base_path + "get", "", {})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(Request('GET', base_path + 'get2', '', {})) is not None
        assert cassette.filter_request(request_get) is None
        request = Request("GET", base_path + "get2", "", {})
        assert cassette.filter_request(request) is not None
-        # Test filter_query_parameters
+        assert cassette.filter_request(Request('GET', base_path + '?foo=bar', '', {})).query == []
-        request = Request("GET", base_path + "?foo=bar", "", {})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(
-        assert cassette.filter_request(request).query == []
+            Request('GET', base_path + '?foo=bar', '',
-        request = Request("GET", base_path + "?tom=nobody", "", {})
+                    {'cookie': 'test', 'other': 'fun'})).headers == {'other': 'fun'}
-        assert cassette.filter_request(request).query == [("tom", "jerry")]
+        assert cassette.filter_request(
            Request(
                'GET', base_path + '?foo=bar', '',
                {'cookie': 'test', 'other': 'fun'}
            )
        ).headers == {'other': 'fun'}
-        # Test filter_headers
+        assert cassette.filter_request(Request('GET', 'http://www.test.com' + '?foo=bar', '',
-        request = Request(
+                                               {'cookie': 'test', 'other': 'fun'})) is None
            "GET", base_path + "?foo=bar", "", {"cookie": "test", "other": "fun", "bert": "nobody"}
        )
        assert cassette.filter_request(request).headers == {"other": "fun", "bert": "ernie"}
-        # Test ignore_hosts
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette('test', before_record_request=None) as cassette:
-        request = Request("GET", "http://www.test.com" + "?foo=bar", "", {"cookie": "test", "other": "fun"})
+        # Test that before_record can be overwritten with
-        assert cassette.filter_request(request) is None
+        assert cassette.filter_request(Request('GET', base_path + 'get', '', {})) is not None
        # Test ignore_localhost
        request = Request("GET", "http://localhost:8000" + "?foo=bar", "", {"cookie": "test", "other": "fun"})
        assert cassette.filter_request(request) is None
    with test_vcr.use_cassette("test", before_record_request=None) as cassette:
        # Test that before_record can be overwritten in context manager.
        assert cassette.filter_request(request_get) is not None
 def test_vcr_before_record_response_iterable():
    # Regression test for #191
-    request = Request("GET", "/", "", {})
+    request = Request('GET', '/', '', {})
    response = object()  # just can't be None
    # Prevent actually saving the cassette
-    with mock.patch("vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.save_cassette"):
+    with mock.patch('vcr.cassette.save_cassette'):
        # Baseline: non-iterable before_record_response should work
        mock_filter = mock.Mock()
        vcr = VCR(before_record_response=mock_filter)
-        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        with vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
            assert mock_filter.call_count == 0
            cassette.append(request, response)
            assert mock_filter.call_count == 1
@@ -107,23 +94,24 @@ def test_vcr_before_record_response_iterable():
        # Regression test: iterable before_record_response should work too
        mock_filter = mock.Mock()
        vcr = VCR(before_record_response=(mock_filter,))
-        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        with vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
            assert mock_filter.call_count == 0
            cassette.append(request, response)
            assert mock_filter.call_count == 1
 def test_before_record_response_as_filter():
-    request = Request("GET", "/", "", {})
+    request = Request('GET', '/', '', {})
    response = object()  # just can't be None
    # Prevent actually saving the cassette
-    with mock.patch("vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.save_cassette"):
+    with mock.patch('vcr.cassette.save_cassette'):
        filter_all = mock.Mock(return_value=None)
        vcr = VCR(before_record_response=filter_all)
-        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        with vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
            cassette.append(request, response)
-            assert cassette.data == []
+            assert cassette.data == []e
            assert not cassette.dirty
@@ -131,21 +119,22 @@ def test_vcr_path_transformer():
    # Regression test for #199
    # Prevent actually saving the cassette
-    with mock.patch("vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.save_cassette"):
+    with mock.patch('vcr.cassette.save_cassette'):
        # Baseline: path should be unchanged
        vcr = VCR()
-        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        with vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
-            assert cassette._path == "test"
+            assert cassette._path == 'test'
        # Regression test: path_transformer=None should do the same.
        vcr = VCR(path_transformer=None)
-        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        with vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
-            assert cassette._path == "test"
+            assert cassette._path == 'test'
        # and it should still work with cassette_library_dir
-        vcr = VCR(cassette_library_dir="/foo")
+        vcr = VCR(cassette_library_dir='/foo')
-        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        with vcr.use_cassette('test') as cassette:
-            assert os.path.abspath(cassette._path) == os.path.abspath("/foo/test")
+            assert cassette._path == '/foo/test'
@pytest.fixture
@@ -153,7 +142,7 @@ def random_fixture():
    return 1
-@use_cassette("test")
+@use_cassette('test')
 def test_fixtures_with_use_cassette(random_fixture):
    # Applying a decorator to a test function that requests features can cause
    # problems if the decorator does not preserve the signature of the original
@@ -168,16 +157,18 @@ def test_fixtures_with_use_cassette(random_fixture):
 def test_custom_patchers():
-    class Test:
+    class Test(object):
        attribute = None
        attribute2 = None
-
+    test_vcr = VCR(custom_patches=((Test, 'attribute', VCRHTTPSConnection),))
-    test_vcr = VCR(custom_patches=((Test, "attribute", VCRHTTPSConnection),))
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette('custom_patches'):
    with test_vcr.use_cassette("custom_patches"):
        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
-    with test_vcr.use_cassette("custom_patches", custom_patches=((Test, "attribute2", VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette(
        'custom_patches',
        custom_patches=((Test, 'attribute2', VCRHTTPSConnection),)
    ):
        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
        assert Test.attribute is Test.attribute2
@@ -186,11 +177,11 @@ def test_custom_patchers():
 def test_inject_cassette():
    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True)
-    @vcr.use_cassette("test", record_mode=mode.ONCE)
+    @vcr.use_cassette('test', record_mode='once')
    def with_cassette_injected(cassette):
-        assert cassette.record_mode == mode.ONCE
+        assert cassette.record_mode == 'once'
-    @vcr.use_cassette("test", record_mode=mode.ONCE, inject_cassette=False)
+    @vcr.use_cassette('test', record_mode='once', inject_cassette=False)
    def without_cassette_injected():
        pass
@@ -199,92 +190,92 @@ def test_inject_cassette():
 def test_with_current_defaults():
-    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, record_mode=mode.ONCE)
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, record_mode='once')
-    @vcr.use_cassette("test", with_current_defaults=False)
+    @vcr.use_cassette('test', with_current_defaults=False)
    def changing_defaults(cassette, checks):
        checks(cassette)
-    @vcr.use_cassette("test", with_current_defaults=True)
+    @vcr.use_cassette('test', with_current_defaults=True)
    def current_defaults(cassette, checks):
        checks(cassette)
    def assert_record_mode_once(cassette):
-        assert cassette.record_mode == mode.ONCE
+        assert cassette.record_mode == 'once'
    def assert_record_mode_all(cassette):
-        assert cassette.record_mode == mode.ALL
+        assert cassette.record_mode == 'all'
    changing_defaults(assert_record_mode_once)
    current_defaults(assert_record_mode_once)
-    vcr.record_mode = "all"
+    vcr.record_mode = 'all'
    changing_defaults(assert_record_mode_all)
    current_defaults(assert_record_mode_once)
 def test_cassette_library_dir_with_decoration_and_no_explicit_path():
-    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    library_dir = '/libary_dir'
    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir)
    @vcr.use_cassette()
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "function_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, 'function_name')
    function_name()
 def test_cassette_library_dir_with_decoration_and_explicit_path():
-    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    library_dir = '/libary_dir'
    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir)
-    @vcr.use_cassette(path="custom_name")
+    @vcr.use_cassette(path='custom_name')
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "custom_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, 'custom_name')
    function_name()
 def test_cassette_library_dir_with_decoration_and_super_explicit_path():
-    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    library_dir = '/libary_dir'
    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir)
-    @vcr.use_cassette(path=os.path.join(library_dir, "custom_name"))
+    @vcr.use_cassette(path=os.path.join(library_dir, 'custom_name'))
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "custom_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, 'custom_name')
    function_name()
 def test_cassette_library_dir_with_path_transformer():
-    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    library_dir = '/libary_dir'
-    vcr = VCR(
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir,
-        inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir, path_transformer=lambda path: path + ".json"
+              path_transformer=lambda path: path + '.json')
    )
    @vcr.use_cassette()
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "function_name.json")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, 'function_name.json')
    function_name()
 def test_use_cassette_with_no_extra_invocation():
-    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir="/")
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir='/')
    @vcr.use_cassette
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join("/", "function_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join('/', 'function_name')
    function_name()
 def test_path_transformer():
-    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir="/", path_transformer=lambda x: x + "_test")
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir='/',
              path_transformer=lambda x: x + '_test')
    @vcr.use_cassette
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join("/", "function_name_test")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join('/', 'function_name_test')
    function_name()
@@ -294,31 +285,32 @@ def test_cassette_name_generator_defaults_to_using_module_function_defined_in():
    @vcr.use_cassette
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "function_name")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
-
+                                              'function_name')
    function_name()
 def test_ensure_suffix():
-    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, path_transformer=VCR.ensure_suffix(".yaml"))
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, path_transformer=VCR.ensure_suffix('.yaml'))
    @vcr.use_cassette
    def function_name(cassette):
-        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "function_name.yaml")
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
                                              'function_name.yaml')
    function_name()
 def test_additional_matchers():
-    vcr = VCR(match_on=("uri",), inject_cassette=True)
+    vcr = VCR(match_on=('uri',), inject_cassette=True)
    @vcr.use_cassette
    def function_defaults(cassette):
-        assert set(cassette._match_on) == {vcr.matchers["uri"]}
+        assert set(cassette._match_on) == set([vcr.matchers['uri']])
-    @vcr.use_cassette(additional_matchers=("body",))
+    @vcr.use_cassette(additional_matchers=('body',))
    def function_additional(cassette):
-        assert set(cassette._match_on) == {vcr.matchers["uri"], vcr.matchers["body"]}
+        assert set(cassette._match_on) == set([vcr.matchers['uri'], vcr.matchers['body']])
    function_defaults()
    function_additional()
@@ -326,7 +318,7 @@ def test_additional_matchers():
 def test_decoration_should_respect_function_return_value():
    vcr = VCR()
-    ret = "a-return-value"
+    ret = 'a-return-value'
    @vcr.use_cassette
    def function_with_return():
@@ -336,6 +328,7 @@ def test_decoration_should_respect_function_return_value():
 class TestVCRClass(VCR().test_case()):
    def no_decoration(self):
        assert httplib.HTTPConnection == _HTTPConnection
        self.test_dynamically_added()
@@ -358,11 +351,3 @@ def test_dynamically_added(self):
 TestVCRClass.test_dynamically_added = test_dynamically_added
 del test_dynamically_added
 def test_path_class_as_cassette():
    path = Path(__file__).parent.parent.joinpath(
        "integration/cassettes/test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml"
    )
    with use_cassette(path):
        pass
--- a/tests/unit/test_vcr_import.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_vcr_import.py
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 import sys
 def test_vcr_import_deprecation(recwarn):
    if "vcr" in sys.modules:
        # Remove imported module entry if already loaded in another test
        del sys.modules["vcr"]
    import vcr  # noqa: F401
    if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
        assert len(recwarn) == 1
        assert issubclass(recwarn[0].category, DeprecationWarning)
    else:
        assert len(recwarn) == 0
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,112 +1,32 @@
 [tox]
-skip_missing_interpreters=true
+envlist = {py26,py27,py33,py34,pypy}-{requests27,requests26,requests25,requests24,requests23,requests22,requests1,httplib2,urllib317,urllib319,urllib3110,tornado,boto}
 envlist =
  cov-clean,
  lint,
  {py37,py38,py39,py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3,aiohttp,httpx},
  {py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-2,urllib3-2},
  {pypy3}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3},
  {py310}-httpx019,
  cov-report
 [gh-actions]
 python =
    3.7: py37
    3.8: py38
    3.9: py39
    3.10: py310, lint
    3.11: py311
    pypy-3: pypy3
 # Coverage environment tasks: cov-clean and cov-report
 # https://pytest-cov.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tox.html
 [testenv:cov-clean]
 deps = coverage
 skip_install=true
 commands = coverage erase
 [testenv:cov-report]
 deps = coverage
 skip_install=true
 commands =
  coverage html
  coverage report --fail-under=90
 [testenv:lint]
 skipsdist = True
 commands =
    black --version
    black --check --diff .
    isort --version
    isort . --check --diff
    flake8 --version
    flake8 --exclude=./docs/conf.py,./.tox/,./venv/
    pyflakes ./docs/conf.py
 deps =
  flake8
  black
  isort
 basepython = python3.10
 [testenv:docs]
 # Running sphinx from inside the "docs" directory
 # ensures it will not pick up any stray files that might
 # get into a virtual environment under the top-level directory
 # or other artifacts under build/
 changedir = docs
 # The only dependency is sphinx
 # If we were using extensions packaged separately,
 # we would specify them here.
 # A better practice is to specify a specific version of sphinx.
 deps =
    sphinx
    sphinx_rtd_theme
 # This is the sphinx command to generate HTML.
 # In other circumstances, we might want to generate a PDF or an ebook
 commands =
    sphinx-build -W -b html -d {envtmpdir}/doctrees . {envtmpdir}/html
 # We use Python 3.7. Tox sometimes tries to autodetect it based on the name of
 # the testenv, but "docs" does not give useful clues so we have to be explicit.
 basepython = python3.7
 [testenv]
 # Need to use develop install so that paths
 # for aggregate code coverage combine
 usedevelop=true
 commands =
-    ./runtests.sh --cov=./vcr --cov-branch --cov-report=xml --cov-append {posargs}
+    py.test {posargs}
-allowlist_externals =
+basepython =
-    ./runtests.sh
+    py26: python2.6
    py27: python2.7
    py33: python3.3
    py34: python3.4
    pypy: pypy
 deps =
-    Werkzeug==2.0.3
+    mock
    pytest
-    pytest-httpbin>=1.0.1
+    pytest-localserver
    pytest-cov
    PyYAML
-    ipaddress
+    requests1: requests==1.2.3
-    requests: requests>=2.22.0
+    requests27: requests==2.7.0
    requests26: requests==2.6.0
    requests25: requests==2.5.0
    requests24: requests==2.4.0
    requests23: requests==2.3.0
    requests22: requests==2.2.1
    httplib2: httplib2
-    urllib3-1: urllib3<2
+    urllib317: urllib3==1.7.1
-    urllib3-2: urllib3<3
+    urllib319: urllib3==1.9.1
-    boto3: boto3
+    urllib3110: urllib3==1.10.2
-    aiohttp: aiohttp
+    {py26,py27,py33,py34,pypy}-tornado: tornado
-    aiohttp: pytest-asyncio
+    {py26,py27,py33,py34,pypy}-tornado: pytest-tornado
-    aiohttp: pytest-aiohttp
+    {py26,py27,py33,py34}-tornado: pycurl
-    httpx: httpx
+    boto: boto
    {py37,py38,py39,py310}-{httpx}: httpx
    {py37,py38,py39,py310}-{httpx}: pytest-asyncio
    httpx: httpx>0.19
    # httpx==0.19 is the latest version that supports allow_redirects, newer versions use follow_redirects
    httpx019: httpx==0.19
    {py37,py38,py39,py310}-{httpx}: pytest-asyncio
 depends =
  lint,{py37,py38,py39,py310,py311,pypy3}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3},{py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-2,urllib3-2},{py37,py38,py39,py310,py311}-{aiohttp},{py37,py38,py39,py310,py311}-{httpx}: cov-clean
  cov-report: lint,{py37,py38,py39,py310,py311,pypy3}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3},{py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-2,urllib3-2},{py37,py38,py39,py310,py311}-{aiohttp}
 passenv =
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
 [flake8]
 max_line_length = 110
--- a/vcr.png
+++ b/vcr.png
--- a/vcr/init.py
+++ b/vcr/init.py
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 import logging
 from logging import NullHandler
 from .config import VCR
 from .record_mode import RecordMode as mode  # noqa import is not used in this file
-__version__ = "4.3.1"
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
 try:  # Python 2.7+
    from logging import NullHandler
 except ImportError:
    class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
        def emit(self, record):
            pass
 logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
--- a/vcr/_handle_coroutine.py
+++ b/vcr/_handle_coroutine.py
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
 async def handle_coroutine(vcr, fn):  # noqa: E999
    with vcr as cassette:
        return await fn(cassette)  # noqa: E999
--- a/vcr/cassette.py
+++ b/vcr/cassette.py
@@ -1,33 +1,23 @@
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import copy
 import inspect
 import logging
 import operator
 import sys
 import wrapt
-from ._handle_coroutine import handle_coroutine
+from .compat import contextlib, collections
 from .errors import UnhandledHTTPRequestError
-from .matchers import get_matchers_results, method, requests_match, uri
+from .matchers import requests_match, uri, method
 from .patch import CassettePatcherBuilder
-from .persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
+from .persist import load_cassette, save_cassette
 from .record_mode import RecordMode
 from .serializers import yamlserializer
 from .util import partition_dict
 try:
    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
 except ImportError:
    def iscoroutinefunction(*args, **kwargs):
        return False
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-class CassetteContextDecorator:
+class CassetteContextDecorator(object):
    """Context manager/decorator that handles installing the cassette and
    removing cassettes.
@@ -45,11 +35,7 @@ class CassetteContextDecorator:
    this class as a context manager in ``__exit__``.
    """
-    _non_cassette_arguments = (
+    _non_cassette_arguments = ('path_transformer', 'func_path_generator')
        "path_transformer",
        "func_path_generator",
        "record_on_exception",
    )
    @classmethod
    def from_args(cls, cassette_class, **kwargs):
@@ -59,16 +45,22 @@ class CassetteContextDecorator:
        self.cls = cls
        self._args_getter = args_getter
        self.__finish = None
        self.__cassette = None
    def _patch_generator(self, cassette):
        with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
            for patcher in CassettePatcherBuilder(cassette).build():
                exit_stack.enter_context(patcher)
-            log_format = "{action} context for cassette at {path}."
+            log_format = '{action} context for cassette at {path}.'
-            log.debug(log_format.format(action="Entering", path=cassette._path))
+            log.debug(log_format.format(
                action="Entering", path=cassette._path
            ))
            yield cassette
-            log.debug(log_format.format(action="Exiting", path=cassette._path))
+            log.debug(log_format.format(
                action="Exiting", path=cassette._path
            ))
            # TODO(@IvanMalison): Hmmm. it kind of feels like this should be
            # somewhere else.
            cassette._save()
    def __enter__(self):
        # This assertion is here to prevent the dangerous behavior
@@ -81,27 +73,16 @@ class CassetteContextDecorator:
        #         pass
        assert self.__finish is None, "Cassette already open."
        other_kwargs, cassette_kwargs = partition_dict(
-            lambda key, _: key in self._non_cassette_arguments, self._args_getter()
+            lambda key, _: key in self._non_cassette_arguments,
            self._args_getter()
        )
-        if other_kwargs.get("path_transformer"):
+        if other_kwargs.get('path_transformer'):
-            transformer = other_kwargs["path_transformer"]
+            transformer = other_kwargs['path_transformer']
-            cassette_kwargs["path"] = transformer(cassette_kwargs["path"])
+            cassette_kwargs['path'] = transformer(cassette_kwargs['path'])
-        self.__cassette = self.cls.load(**cassette_kwargs)
+        self.__finish = self._patch_generator(self.cls.load(**cassette_kwargs))
        self.__finish = self._patch_generator(self.__cassette)
        return next(self.__finish)
-    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
        exception_was_raised = any(exc_info)
        record_on_exception = self._args_getter().get("record_on_exception", True)
        if record_on_exception or not exception_was_raised:
            self.__cassette._save()
            self.__cassette = None
        # Fellow programmer, don't remove this `next`, if `self.__finish` is
        # not consumed the unpatcher functions accumulated in the `exit_stack`
        # object created in `_patch_generator` will not be called until
        # `exit_stack` is not garbage collected.
        # This works in CPython but not in Pypy, where the unpatchers will not
        # be called until much later.
        next(self.__finish, None)
        self.__finish = None
@@ -111,28 +92,23 @@ class CassetteContextDecorator:
        # functions are reentrant. This is required for thread
        # safety and the correct operation of recursive functions.
        args_getter = self._build_args_getter_for_decorator(function)
-        return type(self)(self.cls, args_getter)._execute_function(function, args, kwargs)
+        return type(self)(self.cls, args_getter)._execute_function(
            function, args, kwargs
        )
    def _execute_function(self, function, args, kwargs):
        def handle_function(cassette):
            if cassette.inject:
                return function(cassette, *args, **kwargs)
            else:
                return function(*args, **kwargs)
        if iscoroutinefunction(function):
            return handle_coroutine(vcr=self, fn=handle_function)
        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(function):
-            return self._handle_generator(fn=handle_function)
+            handler = self._handle_coroutine
        else:
            handler = self._handle_function
        return handler(function, args, kwargs)
-        return self._handle_function(fn=handle_function)
+    def _handle_coroutine(self, function, args, kwargs):
-
+        """Wraps a coroutine so that we're inside the cassette context for the
-    def _handle_generator(self, fn):
+        duration of the coroutine.
        """Wraps a generator so that we're inside the cassette context for the
        duration of the generator.
        """
        with self as cassette:
-            coroutine = fn(cassette)
+            coroutine = self.__handle_function(cassette, function, args, kwargs)
            # We don't need to catch StopIteration. The caller (Tornado's
            # gen.coroutine, for example) will handle that.
            to_yield = next(coroutine)
@@ -142,14 +118,17 @@ class CassetteContextDecorator:
                except Exception:
                    to_yield = coroutine.throw(*sys.exc_info())
                else:
-                    try:
+                    to_yield = coroutine.send(to_send)
                        to_yield = coroutine.send(to_send)
                    except StopIteration:
                        break
-    def _handle_function(self, fn):
+    def __handle_function(self, cassette, function, args, kwargs):
        if cassette.inject:
            return function(cassette, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            return function(*args, **kwargs)
    def _handle_function(self, function, args, kwargs):
        with self as cassette:
-            return fn(cassette)
+            return self.__handle_function(cassette, function, args, kwargs)
    @staticmethod
    def get_function_name(function):
@@ -158,18 +137,42 @@ class CassetteContextDecorator:
    def _build_args_getter_for_decorator(self, function):
        def new_args_getter():
            kwargs = self._args_getter()
-            if "path" not in kwargs:
+            if 'path' not in kwargs:
-                name_generator = kwargs.get("func_path_generator") or self.get_function_name
+                name_generator = (kwargs.get('func_path_generator') or
                                  self.get_function_name)
                path = name_generator(function)
-                kwargs["path"] = path
+                kwargs['path'] = path
            return kwargs
        return new_args_getter
-class Cassette:
+class SimilarityScorer(object):
    def __init__(self, matchers, request, ascending=False):
        self._matchers = matchers
        self._request = request
        self._ascending = False
    def score(self, candidate, play_count):
        value = 1
        total = 0
        if play_count < 1:
            total += value
        if self._ascending:
            value *= 2
        for matcher in self._matchers[::-1]:
            if matcher(self._request, candidate):
                total += value
            if self._ascending:
                value *= 2
        return total
 class Cassette(object):
    """A container for recorded requests and responses"""
    max_playcount = 1
    @classmethod
    def load(cls, **kwargs):
        """Instantiate and load the cassette stored at the specified path."""
@@ -185,30 +188,20 @@ class Cassette:
    def use(cls, **kwargs):
        return CassetteContextDecorator.from_args(cls, **kwargs)
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, path, serializer=yamlserializer, record_mode='once',
-        self,
+                 match_on=(uri, method), before_record_request=None,
-        path,
+                 before_record_response=None, custom_patches=(), inject=False,
-        serializer=None,
+                 similarity_scorer_factory=None):
-        persister=None,
+
        record_mode=RecordMode.ONCE,
        match_on=(uri, method),
        before_record_request=None,
        before_record_response=None,
        custom_patches=(),
        inject=False,
        allow_playback_repeats=False,
    ):
        self._persister = persister or FilesystemPersister
        self._path = path
-        self._serializer = serializer or yamlserializer
+        self._serializer = serializer
        self._match_on = match_on
        self._before_record_request = before_record_request or (lambda x: x)
        log.info(self._before_record_request)
        self._before_record_response = before_record_response or (lambda x: x)
        self._similarity_scorer_factory = similarity_scorer_factory or SimilarityScorer
        self.inject = inject
        self.record_mode = record_mode
        self.custom_patches = custom_patches
        self.allow_playback_repeats = allow_playback_repeats
        # self.data is the list of (req, resp) tuples
        self.data = []
@@ -223,7 +216,7 @@ class Cassette:
    @property
    def all_played(self):
        """Returns True if all responses have been played, False otherwise."""
-        return len(self.play_counts.values()) == len(self)
+        return self.play_count == len(self)
    @property
    def requests(self):
@@ -235,17 +228,14 @@ class Cassette:
    @property
    def write_protected(self):
-        return self.rewound and self.record_mode == RecordMode.ONCE or self.record_mode == RecordMode.NONE
+        return self.rewound and self.record_mode == 'once' or \
            self.record_mode == 'none'
    def append(self, request, response):
        """Add a request, response pair to this cassette"""
        log.info("Appending request %s and response %s", request, response)
        request = self._before_record_request(request)
        if not request:
            return
        # Deepcopy is here because mutation of `response` will corrupt the
        # real response.
        response = copy.deepcopy(response)
        response = self._before_record_response(response)
        if response is None:
            return
@@ -265,9 +255,25 @@ class Cassette:
            if requests_match(request, stored_request, self._match_on):
                yield index, response
    def failing_matchers(self, a, b):
        return [matcher for matcher in self._match_on if not matcher(a, b)]
    def similar_requests(self, request):
        scorer = self._similarity_scorer_factory(self._match_on, request).score
        scored_requests = [
            (
                stored_request,
                scorer(stored_request, self.play_counts[index])
            )
            for index, (stored_request, response) in enumerate(self.data)
        ]
        return sorted(scored_requests, key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    def can_play_response_for(self, request):
        request = self._before_record_request(request)
-        return request and request in self and self.record_mode != RecordMode.ALL and self.rewound
+        return request and request in self and \
            self.record_mode != 'all' and \
            self.rewound
    def play_response(self, request):
        """
@@ -275,12 +281,13 @@ class Cassette:
        hasn't been played back before, and mark it as played
        """
        for index, response in self._responses(request):
-            if self.play_counts[index] == 0 or self.allow_playback_repeats:
+            if self.play_counts[index] < self.max_playcount:
                self.play_counts[index] += 1
                return response
        # The cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
        raise UnhandledHTTPRequestError(
-            "The cassette (%r) doesn't contain the request (%r) asked for" % (self._path, request)
+            "The cassette (%r) doesn't contain the request (%r) asked for"
            % (self._path, request)
        )
    def responses_of(self, request):
@@ -295,68 +302,39 @@ class Cassette:
            return responses
        # The cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
        raise UnhandledHTTPRequestError(
-            "The cassette (%r) doesn't contain the request (%r) asked for" % (self._path, request)
+            "The cassette (%r) doesn't contain the request (%r) asked for"
            % (self._path, request)
        )
    def rewind(self):
        self.play_counts = collections.Counter()
    def find_requests_with_most_matches(self, request):
        """
        Get the most similar request(s) stored in the cassette
        of a given request as a list of tuples like this:
        - the request object
        - the successful matchers as string
        - the failed matchers and the related assertion message with the difference details as strings tuple
        This is useful when a request failed to be found,
        we can get the similar request(s) in order to know what have changed in the request parts.
        """
        best_matches = []
        request = self._before_record_request(request)
        for index, (stored_request, response) in enumerate(self.data):
            successes, fails = get_matchers_results(request, stored_request, self._match_on)
            best_matches.append((len(successes), stored_request, successes, fails))
        best_matches.sort(key=lambda t: t[0], reverse=True)
        # Get the first best matches (multiple if equal matches)
        final_best_matches = []
        if not best_matches:
            return final_best_matches
        previous_nb_success = best_matches[0][0]
        for best_match in best_matches:
            nb_success = best_match[0]
            # Do not keep matches that have 0 successes,
            # it means that the request is totally different from
            # the ones stored in the cassette
            if nb_success < 1 or previous_nb_success != nb_success:
                break
            previous_nb_success = nb_success
            final_best_matches.append(best_match[1:])
        return final_best_matches
    def _as_dict(self):
        return {"requests": self.requests, "responses": self.responses}
    def _save(self, force=False):
        if force or self.dirty:
-            self._persister.save_cassette(self._path, self._as_dict(), serializer=self._serializer)
+            save_cassette(
                self._path,
                self._as_dict(),
                serializer=self._serializer
            )
            self.dirty = False
    def _load(self):
        try:
-            requests, responses = self._persister.load_cassette(self._path, serializer=self._serializer)
+            requests, responses = load_cassette(
                self._path,
                serializer=self._serializer
            )
            for request, response in zip(requests, responses):
                self.append(request, response)
            self.dirty = False
            self.rewound = True
-        except ValueError:
+        except IOError:
            pass
    def __str__(self):
-        return "<Cassette containing {} recorded response(s)>".format(len(self))
+        return "<Cassette containing {0} recorded response(s)>".format(
            len(self)
        )
    def __len__(self):
        """Return the number of request,response pairs stored in here"""
@@ -365,6 +343,6 @@ class Cassette:
    def __contains__(self, request):
        """Return whether or not a request has been stored"""
        for index, response in self._responses(request):
-            if self.play_counts[index] == 0 or self.allow_playback_repeats:
+            if self.play_counts[index] == 0:
                return True
        return False
--- a/vcr/compat.py
+++ b/vcr/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 try:
    from unittest import mock
 except ImportError:
    import mock
 try:
    import contextlib
 except ImportError:
    import contextlib2 as contextlib
 else:
    if not hasattr(contextlib, 'ExitStack'):
        import contextlib2 as contextlib
 import collections
 if not hasattr(collections, 'Counter'):
    import backport_collections as collections
 __all__ = ['mock', 'contextlib', 'collections']
--- a/vcr/config.py
+++ b/vcr/config.py
@@ -3,23 +3,23 @@ import functools
 import inspect
 import os
 import types
 from collections import abc as collections_abc
 from pathlib import Path
 import six
-from . import filters, matchers
+from .compat import collections
 from .cassette import Cassette
-from .persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
+from .serializers import yamlserializer, jsonserializer
-from .record_mode import RecordMode
+from .util import compose, auto_decorate
-from .serializers import jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+from . import matchers
-from .util import auto_decorate, compose
+from . import filters
-class VCR:
+class VCR(object):
    @staticmethod
    def is_test_method(method_name, function):
-        return method_name.startswith("test") and isinstance(function, types.FunctionType)
+        return method_name.startswith('test') and \
            isinstance(function, types.FunctionType)
    @staticmethod
    def ensure_suffix(suffix):
@@ -27,48 +27,35 @@ class VCR:
            if not path.endswith(suffix):
                return path + suffix
            return path
        return ensure
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, path_transformer=None, before_record_request=None,
-        self,
+                 custom_patches=(), filter_query_parameters=(), ignore_hosts=(),
-        path_transformer=None,
+                 record_mode="once", ignore_localhost=False, filter_headers=(),
-        before_record_request=None,
+                 before_record_response=None, filter_post_data_parameters=(),
-        custom_patches=(),
+                 match_on=('method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query'),
-        filter_query_parameters=(),
+                 before_record=None, inject_cassette=False, serializer='yaml',
-        ignore_hosts=(),
+                 cassette_library_dir=None, func_path_generator=None):
        record_mode=RecordMode.ONCE,
        ignore_localhost=False,
        filter_headers=(),
        before_record_response=None,
        filter_post_data_parameters=(),
        match_on=("method", "scheme", "host", "port", "path", "query"),
        before_record=None,
        inject_cassette=False,
        serializer="yaml",
        cassette_library_dir=None,
        func_path_generator=None,
        decode_compressed_response=False,
        record_on_exception=True,
    ):
        self.serializer = serializer
        self.match_on = match_on
        self.cassette_library_dir = cassette_library_dir
-        self.serializers = {"yaml": yamlserializer, "json": jsonserializer}
+        self.serializers = {
-        self.matchers = {
+            'yaml': yamlserializer,
-            "method": matchers.method,
+            'json': jsonserializer,
-            "uri": matchers.uri,
+        }
-            "url": matchers.uri,  # matcher for backwards compatibility
+        self.matchers = {
-            "scheme": matchers.scheme,
+            'method': matchers.method,
-            "host": matchers.host,
+            'uri': matchers.uri,
-            "port": matchers.port,
+            'url': matchers.uri,  # matcher for backwards compatibility
-            "path": matchers.path,
+            'scheme': matchers.scheme,
-            "query": matchers.query,
+            'host': matchers.host,
-            "headers": matchers.headers,
+            'port': matchers.port,
-            "raw_body": matchers.raw_body,
+            'path': matchers.path,
-            "body": matchers.body,
+            'query': matchers.query,
            'headers': matchers.headers,
            'raw_body': matchers.raw_body,
            'body': matchers.body,
        }
        self.persister = FilesystemPersister
        self.record_mode = record_mode
        self.filter_headers = filter_headers
        self.filter_query_parameters = filter_query_parameters
@@ -80,15 +67,17 @@ class VCR:
        self.inject_cassette = inject_cassette
        self.path_transformer = path_transformer
        self.func_path_generator = func_path_generator
        self.decode_compressed_response = decode_compressed_response
        self.record_on_exception = record_on_exception
        self._custom_patches = tuple(custom_patches)
    def _get_serializer(self, serializer_name):
        try:
            serializer = self.serializers[serializer_name]
        except KeyError:
-            raise KeyError("Serializer {} doesn't exist or isn't registered".format(serializer_name))
+            raise KeyError(
                "Serializer {0} doesn't exist or isn't registered".format(
                    serializer_name
                )
            )
        return serializer
    def _get_matchers(self, matcher_names):
@@ -97,11 +86,13 @@ class VCR:
            for m in matcher_names:
                matchers.append(self.matchers[m])
        except KeyError:
-            raise KeyError("Matcher {} doesn't exist or isn't registered".format(m))
+            raise KeyError(
                "Matcher {0} doesn't exist or isn't registered".format(m)
            )
        return matchers
    def use_cassette(self, path=None, **kwargs):
-        if path is not None and not isinstance(path, (str, Path)):
+        if path is not None and not isinstance(path, six.string_types):
            function = path
            # Assume this is an attempt to decorate a function
            return self._use_cassette(**kwargs)(function)
@@ -119,56 +110,62 @@ class VCR:
        return Cassette.use_arg_getter(args_getter)
    def get_merged_config(self, **kwargs):
-        serializer_name = kwargs.get("serializer", self.serializer)
+        serializer_name = kwargs.get('serializer', self.serializer)
-        matcher_names = kwargs.get("match_on", self.match_on)
+        matcher_names = kwargs.get('match_on', self.match_on)
-        path_transformer = kwargs.get("path_transformer", self.path_transformer)
+        path_transformer = kwargs.get(
-        func_path_generator = kwargs.get("func_path_generator", self.func_path_generator)
+            'path_transformer',
-        cassette_library_dir = kwargs.get("cassette_library_dir", self.cassette_library_dir)
+            self.path_transformer
-        additional_matchers = kwargs.get("additional_matchers", ())
+        )
-        record_on_exception = kwargs.get("record_on_exception", self.record_on_exception)
+        func_path_generator = kwargs.get(
            'func_path_generator',
            self.func_path_generator
        )
        cassette_library_dir = kwargs.get(
            'cassette_library_dir',
            self.cassette_library_dir
        )
        additional_matchers = kwargs.get('additional_matchers', ())
        if cassette_library_dir:
            def add_cassette_library_dir(path):
                if not path.startswith(cassette_library_dir):
                    return os.path.join(cassette_library_dir, path)
                return path
-
+            path_transformer = compose(
-            path_transformer = compose(add_cassette_library_dir, path_transformer)
+                add_cassette_library_dir, path_transformer
            )
        elif not func_path_generator:
            # If we don't have a library dir, use the functions
            # location to build a full path for cassettes.
            func_path_generator = self._build_path_from_func_using_module
        merged_config = {
-            "serializer": self._get_serializer(serializer_name),
+            'serializer': self._get_serializer(serializer_name),
-            "persister": self.persister,
+            'match_on': self._get_matchers(
-            "match_on": self._get_matchers(tuple(matcher_names) + tuple(additional_matchers)),
+                tuple(matcher_names) + tuple(additional_matchers)
-            "record_mode": kwargs.get("record_mode", self.record_mode),
+            ),
-            "before_record_request": self._build_before_record_request(kwargs),
+            'record_mode': kwargs.get('record_mode', self.record_mode),
-            "before_record_response": self._build_before_record_response(kwargs),
+            'before_record_request': self._build_before_record_request(kwargs),
-            "custom_patches": self._custom_patches + kwargs.get("custom_patches", ()),
+            'before_record_response': self._build_before_record_response(kwargs),
-            "inject": kwargs.get("inject_cassette", self.inject_cassette),
+            'custom_patches': self._custom_patches + kwargs.get(
-            "path_transformer": path_transformer,
+                'custom_patches', ()
-            "func_path_generator": func_path_generator,
+            ),
-            "allow_playback_repeats": kwargs.get("allow_playback_repeats", False),
+            'inject': kwargs.get('inject_cassette', self.inject_cassette),
-            "record_on_exception": record_on_exception,
+            'path_transformer': path_transformer,
            'func_path_generator': func_path_generator
        }
-        path = kwargs.get("path")
+        path = kwargs.get('path')
        if path:
-            merged_config["path"] = path
+            merged_config['path'] = path
        return merged_config
    def _build_before_record_response(self, options):
-        before_record_response = options.get("before_record_response", self.before_record_response)
+        before_record_response = options.get(
-        decode_compressed_response = options.get(
+            'before_record_response', self.before_record_response
            "decode_compressed_response", self.decode_compressed_response
        )
        filter_functions = []
        if decode_compressed_response:
            filter_functions.append(filters.decode_response)
        if before_record_response:
-            if not isinstance(before_record_response, collections_abc.Iterable):
+            if not isinstance(before_record_response, collections.Iterable):
                before_record_response = (before_record_response,)
            filter_functions.extend(before_record_response)
@@ -178,43 +175,57 @@ class VCR:
                    break
                response = function(response)
            return response
        return before_record_response
    def _build_before_record_request(self, options):
        filter_functions = []
-        filter_headers = options.get("filter_headers", self.filter_headers)
+        filter_headers = options.get(
-        filter_query_parameters = options.get("filter_query_parameters", self.filter_query_parameters)
+            'filter_headers', self.filter_headers
        )
        filter_query_parameters = options.get(
            'filter_query_parameters', self.filter_query_parameters
        )
        filter_post_data_parameters = options.get(
-            "filter_post_data_parameters", self.filter_post_data_parameters
+            'filter_post_data_parameters', self.filter_post_data_parameters
        )
        before_record_request = options.get(
-            "before_record_request", options.get("before_record", self.before_record_request)
+            "before_record_request",
            options.get("before_record", self.before_record_request)
        )
        ignore_hosts = options.get(
            'ignore_hosts', self.ignore_hosts
        )
        ignore_localhost = options.get(
            'ignore_localhost', self.ignore_localhost
        )
        ignore_hosts = options.get("ignore_hosts", self.ignore_hosts)
        ignore_localhost = options.get("ignore_localhost", self.ignore_localhost)
        if filter_headers:
            replacements = [h if isinstance(h, tuple) else (h, None) for h in filter_headers]
            filter_functions.append(functools.partial(filters.replace_headers, replacements=replacements))
        if filter_query_parameters:
            replacements = [p if isinstance(p, tuple) else (p, None) for p in filter_query_parameters]
            filter_functions.append(
-                functools.partial(filters.replace_query_parameters, replacements=replacements)
+                functools.partial(
                    filters.remove_headers,
                    headers_to_remove=filter_headers
                )
            )
        if filter_query_parameters:
            filter_functions.append(functools.partial(
                filters.remove_query_parameters,
               query_parameters_to_remove=filter_query_parameters
            ))
        if filter_post_data_parameters:
            replacements = [p if isinstance(p, tuple) else (p, None) for p in filter_post_data_parameters]
            filter_functions.append(
-                functools.partial(filters.replace_post_data_parameters, replacements=replacements)
+                functools.partial(
                    filters.remove_post_data_parameters,
                    post_data_parameters_to_remove=filter_post_data_parameters
                )
            )
        hosts_to_ignore = set(ignore_hosts)
        if ignore_localhost:
-            hosts_to_ignore.update(("localhost", "0.0.0.0", "127.0.0.1"))
+            hosts_to_ignore.update(('localhost', '0.0.0.0', '127.0.0.1'))
        if hosts_to_ignore:
            filter_functions.append(self._build_ignore_hosts(hosts_to_ignore))
        if before_record_request:
-            if not isinstance(before_record_request, collections_abc.Iterable):
+            if not isinstance(before_record_request, collections.Iterable):
                before_record_request = (before_record_request,)
            filter_functions.extend(before_record_request)
@@ -225,21 +236,20 @@ class VCR:
                    break
                request = function(request)
            return request
        return before_record_request
    @staticmethod
    def _build_ignore_hosts(hosts_to_ignore):
        def filter_ignored_hosts(request):
-            if hasattr(request, "host") and request.host in hosts_to_ignore:
+            if hasattr(request, 'host') and request.host in hosts_to_ignore:
                return
            return request
        return filter_ignored_hosts
    @staticmethod
    def _build_path_from_func_using_module(function):
-        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(function)), function.__name__)
+        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(function)),
                            function.__name__)
    def register_serializer(self, name, serializer):
        self.serializers[name] = serializer
@@ -247,11 +257,6 @@ class VCR:
    def register_matcher(self, name, matcher):
        self.matchers[name] = matcher
    def register_persister(self, persister):
        # Singleton, no name required
        self.persister = persister
    def test_case(self, predicate=None):
        predicate = predicate or self.is_test_method
        # TODO: Remove this reference to `six` in favor of the Python3 equivalent
        return six.with_metaclass(auto_decorate(self.use_cassette, predicate))
--- a/vcr/errors.py
+++ b/vcr/errors.py
@@ -1,42 +1,7 @@
 class CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
        self.cassette = kwargs["cassette"]
        self.failed_request = kwargs["failed_request"]
        message = self._get_message(kwargs["cassette"], kwargs["failed_request"])
        super().__init__(message)
    @staticmethod
    def _get_message(cassette, failed_request):
        """Get the final message related to the exception"""
        # Get the similar requests in the cassette that
        # have match the most with the request.
        best_matches = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches(failed_request)
        if best_matches:
            # Build a comprehensible message to put in the exception.
            best_matches_msg = "Found {} similar requests with {} different matcher(s) :\n".format(
                len(best_matches), len(best_matches[0][2])
            )
            for idx, best_match in enumerate(best_matches, start=1):
                request, succeeded_matchers, failed_matchers_assertion_msgs = best_match
                best_matches_msg += (
                    "\n%s - (%r).\n"
                    "Matchers succeeded : %s\n"
                    "Matchers failed :\n" % (idx, request, succeeded_matchers)
                )
                for failed_matcher, assertion_msg in failed_matchers_assertion_msgs:
                    best_matches_msg += "%s - assertion failure :\n" "%s\n" % (failed_matcher, assertion_msg)
        else:
            best_matches_msg = "No similar requests, that have not been played, found."
        return (
            "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in "
            "your current record mode (%r).\n"
            "No match for the request (%r) was found.\n"
            "%s" % (cassette._path, cassette.record_mode, failed_request, best_matches_msg)
        )
 class UnhandledHTTPRequestError(KeyError):
    """Raised when a cassette does not contain the request we want."""
    pass
--- a/vcr/filters.py
+++ b/vcr/filters.py
@@ -1,174 +1,49 @@
-import copy
+from six import BytesIO, text_type
 from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode, urlunparse
 import json
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, urlunparse
-from .util import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .compat import collections
-def replace_headers(request, replacements):
+def remove_headers(request, headers_to_remove):
    """Replace headers in request according to replacements.
    The replacements should be a list of (key, value) pairs where the value can be any of:
    1. A simple replacement string value.
    2. None to remove the given header.
    3. A callable which accepts (key, value, request) and returns a string value or None.
    """
    new_headers = request.headers.copy()
-    for k, rv in replacements:
+    for k in headers_to_remove:
        if k in new_headers:
-            ov = new_headers.pop(k)
+            del new_headers[k]
            if callable(rv):
                rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
            if rv is not None:
                new_headers[k] = rv
    request.headers = new_headers
    return request
 def remove_headers(request, headers_to_remove):
    """
    Wrap replace_headers() for API backward compatibility.
    """
    replacements = [(k, None) for k in headers_to_remove]
    return replace_headers(request, replacements)
 def replace_query_parameters(request, replacements):
    """Replace query parameters in request according to replacements.
    The replacements should be a list of (key, value) pairs where the value can be any of:
      1. A simple replacement string value.
      2. None to remove the given header.
      3. A callable which accepts (key, value, request) and returns a string
         value or None.
    """
    query = request.query
    new_query = []
    replacements = dict(replacements)
    for k, ov in query:
        if k not in replacements:
            new_query.append((k, ov))
        else:
            rv = replacements[k]
            if callable(rv):
                rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
            if rv is not None:
                new_query.append((k, rv))
    uri_parts = list(urlparse(request.uri))
    uri_parts[4] = urlencode(new_query)
    request.uri = urlunparse(uri_parts)
    return request
 def remove_query_parameters(request, query_parameters_to_remove):
-    """
+    query = request.query
-    Wrap replace_query_parameters() for API backward compatibility.
+    new_query = [(k, v) for (k, v) in query
-    """
+                 if k not in query_parameters_to_remove]
-    replacements = [(k, None) for k in query_parameters_to_remove]
+    if len(new_query) != len(query):
-    return replace_query_parameters(request, replacements)
+        uri_parts = list(urlparse(request.uri))
-
+        uri_parts[4] = urlencode(new_query)
-
+        request.uri = urlunparse(uri_parts)
 def replace_post_data_parameters(request, replacements):
    """Replace post data in request--either form data or json--according to replacements.
    The replacements should be a list of (key, value) pairs where the value can be any of:
      1. A simple replacement string value.
      2. None to remove the given header.
      3. A callable which accepts (key, value, request) and returns a string
         value or None.
    """
    if not request.body:
        # Nothing to replace
        return request
    replacements = dict(replacements)
    if request.method == "POST" and not isinstance(request.body, BytesIO):
        if isinstance(request.body, dict):
            new_body = request.body.copy()
            for k, rv in replacements.items():
                if k in new_body:
                    ov = new_body.pop(k)
                    if callable(rv):
                        rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
                    if rv is not None:
                        new_body[k] = rv
            request.body = new_body
        elif request.headers.get("Content-Type") == "application/json":
            json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
            for k, rv in replacements.items():
                if k in json_data:
                    ov = json_data.pop(k)
                    if callable(rv):
                        rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
                    if rv is not None:
                        json_data[k] = rv
            request.body = json.dumps(json_data).encode("utf-8")
        else:
            if isinstance(request.body, str):
                request.body = request.body.encode("utf-8")
            splits = [p.partition(b"=") for p in request.body.split(b"&")]
            new_splits = []
            for k, sep, ov in splits:
                if sep is None:
                    new_splits.append((k, sep, ov))
                else:
                    rk = k.decode("utf-8")
                    if rk not in replacements:
                        new_splits.append((k, sep, ov))
                    else:
                        rv = replacements[rk]
                        if callable(rv):
                            rv = rv(key=rk, value=ov.decode("utf-8"), request=request)
                        if rv is not None:
                            new_splits.append((k, sep, rv.encode("utf-8")))
            request.body = b"&".join(k if sep is None else b"".join([k, sep, v]) for k, sep, v in new_splits)
    return request
 def remove_post_data_parameters(request, post_data_parameters_to_remove):
-    """
+    if request.method == 'POST' and not isinstance(request.body, BytesIO):
-    Wrap replace_post_data_parameters() for API backward compatibility.
+        if request.headers.get('Content-Type') == 'application/json':
-    """
+            json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
-    replacements = [(k, None) for k in post_data_parameters_to_remove]
+            for k in list(json_data.keys()):
-    return replace_post_data_parameters(request, replacements)
+                if k in post_data_parameters_to_remove:
                    del json_data[k]
            request.body = json.dumps(json_data).encode('utf-8')
        else:
            post_data = collections.OrderedDict()
            if isinstance(request.body, text_type):
                request.body = request.body.encode('utf-8')
-
+            for k, sep, v in (p.partition(b'=') for p in request.body.split(b'&')):
-def decode_response(response):
+                if k in post_data:
-    """
+                    post_data[k].append(v)
-    If the response is compressed with gzip or deflate:
+                elif len(k) > 0 and k.decode('utf-8') not in post_data_parameters_to_remove:
-      1. decompress the response body
+                    post_data[k] = [v]
-      2. delete the content-encoding header
+            request.body = b'&'.join(
-      3. update content-length header to decompressed length
+                b'='.join([k, v])
-    """
+                for k, vals in post_data.items() for v in vals)
-
+    return request
    def is_compressed(headers):
        encoding = headers.get("content-encoding", [])
        return encoding and encoding[0] in ("gzip", "deflate")
    def decompress_body(body, encoding):
        """Returns decompressed body according to encoding using zlib.
        to (de-)compress gzip format, use wbits = zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16
        """
        if not body:
            return ""
        if encoding == "gzip":
            return zlib.decompress(body, zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
        else:  # encoding == 'deflate'
            return zlib.decompress(body)
    # Deepcopy here in case `headers` contain objects that could
    # be mutated by a shallow copy and corrupt the real response.
    response = copy.deepcopy(response)
    headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(response["headers"])
    if is_compressed(headers):
        encoding = headers["content-encoding"][0]
        headers["content-encoding"].remove(encoding)
        if not headers["content-encoding"]:
            del headers["content-encoding"]
        new_body = decompress_body(response["body"]["string"], encoding)
        response["body"]["string"] = new_body
        headers["content-length"] = [str(len(new_body))]
        response["headers"] = dict(headers)
    return response
--- a/vcr/matchers.py
+++ b/vcr/matchers.py
@@ -1,64 +1,47 @@
 import json
-import logging
+from six.moves import urllib, xmlrpc_client
 import urllib
 import xmlrpc.client
 from .util import read_body
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 def method(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.method == r2.method, "{} != {}".format(r1.method, r2.method)
+    return r1.method == r2.method
 def uri(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.uri == r2.uri, "{} != {}".format(r1.uri, r2.uri)
+    return r1.uri == r2.uri
 def host(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.host == r2.host, "{} != {}".format(r1.host, r2.host)
+    return r1.host == r2.host
 def scheme(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.scheme == r2.scheme, "{} != {}".format(r1.scheme, r2.scheme)
+    return r1.scheme == r2.scheme
 def port(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.port == r2.port, "{} != {}".format(r1.port, r2.port)
+    return r1.port == r2.port
 def path(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.path == r2.path, "{} != {}".format(r1.path, r2.path)
+    return r1.path == r2.path
 def query(r1, r2):
-    assert r1.query == r2.query, "{} != {}".format(r1.query, r2.query)
+    return r1.query == r2.query
 def raw_body(r1, r2):
-    assert read_body(r1) == read_body(r2)
+    return read_body(r1) == read_body(r2)
-def body(r1, r2):
+def _header_checker(value, header='Content-Type'):
    transformer = _get_transformer(r1)
    r2_transformer = _get_transformer(r2)
    if transformer != r2_transformer:
        transformer = _identity
    assert transformer(read_body(r1)) == transformer(read_body(r2))
 def headers(r1, r2):
    assert r1.headers == r2.headers, "{} != {}".format(r1.headers, r2.headers)
 def _header_checker(value, header="Content-Type"):
    def checker(headers):
-        _header = headers.get(header, "")
+        return value in headers.get(header, '').lower()
        if isinstance(_header, bytes):
            _header = _header.decode("utf-8")
        return value in _header.lower()
    return checker
@@ -66,19 +49,15 @@ def _transform_json(body):
    # Request body is always a byte string, but json.loads() wants a text
    # string. RFC 7159 says the default encoding is UTF-8 (although UTF-16
    # and UTF-32 are also allowed: hmmmmm).
-    if body:
+    return json.loads(body.decode('utf-8'))
        return json.loads(body.decode("utf-8"))
-_xml_header_checker = _header_checker("text/xml")
+_xml_header_checker = _header_checker('text/xml')
-_xmlrpc_header_checker = _header_checker("xmlrpc", header="User-Agent")
+_xmlrpc_header_checker = _header_checker('xmlrpc', header='User-Agent')
 _checker_transformer_pairs = (
-    (
+    (_header_checker('application/x-www-form-urlencoded'), urllib.parse.parse_qs),
-        _header_checker("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),
+    (_header_checker('application/json'), _transform_json),
-        lambda body: urllib.parse.parse_qs(body.decode("ascii")),
+    (lambda request: _xml_header_checker(request) and _xmlrpc_header_checker(request), xmlrpc_client.loads),
    ),
    (_header_checker("application/json"), _transform_json),
    (lambda request: _xml_header_checker(request) and _xmlrpc_header_checker(request), xmlrpc.client.loads),
 )
@@ -88,56 +67,33 @@ def _identity(x):
 def _get_transformer(request):
    for checker, transformer in _checker_transformer_pairs:
-        if checker(request.headers):
+        if checker(request.headers): return transformer
            return transformer
    else:
        return _identity
 def body(r1, r2):
    transformer = _get_transformer(r1)
    r2_transformer = _get_transformer(r2)
    if transformer != r2_transformer:
        transformer = _identity
    return transformer(read_body(r1)) == transformer(read_body(r2))
 def headers(r1, r2):
    return r1.headers == r2.headers
 def _log_matches(r1, r2, matches):
    differences = [m for m in matches if not m[0]]
    if differences:
        log.debug(
            "Requests {0} and {1} differ according to "
            "the following matchers: {2}".format(r1, r2, differences)
        )
 def requests_match(r1, r2, matchers):
-    successes, failures = get_matchers_results(r1, r2, matchers)
+    matches = [(m(r1, r2), m) for m in matchers]
-    if failures:
+    _log_matches(r1, r2, matches)
-        log.debug("Requests {} and {} differ.\n" "Failure details:\n" "{}".format(r1, r2, failures))
+    return all([m[0] for m in matches])
    return len(failures) == 0
 def _evaluate_matcher(matcher_function, *args):
    """
    Evaluate the result of a given matcher as a boolean with an assertion error message if any.
    It handles two types of matcher :
    - a matcher returning a boolean value.
    - a matcher that only makes an assert, returning None or raises an assertion error.
    """
    assertion_message = None
    try:
        match = matcher_function(*args)
        match = True if match is None else match
    except AssertionError as e:
        match = False
        assertion_message = str(e)
    return match, assertion_message
 def get_matchers_results(r1, r2, matchers):
    """
    Get the comparison results of two requests as two list.
    The first returned list represents the matchers names that passed.
    The second list is the failed matchers as a string with failed assertion details if any.
    """
    matches_success, matches_fails = [], []
    for m in matchers:
        matcher_name = m.__name__
        match, assertion_message = _evaluate_matcher(m, r1, r2)
        if match:
            matches_success.append(matcher_name)
        else:
            assertion_message = get_assertion_message(assertion_message)
            matches_fails.append((matcher_name, assertion_message))
    return matches_success, matches_fails
 def get_assertion_message(assertion_details):
    """
    Get a detailed message about the failing matcher.
    """
    return assertion_details
--- a/vcr/migration.py
+++ b/vcr/migration.py
@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import yaml
-from . import request
+from .serializers import compat, yamlserializer, jsonserializer
 from .serialize import serialize
-from .serializers import jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+from . import request
 from .stubs.compat import get_httpmessage
 # Use the libYAML versions if possible
@@ -39,46 +38,55 @@ def preprocess_yaml(cassette):
    # versions.  So this just strips the tags before deserializing.
    STRINGS_TO_NUKE = [
-        "!!python/object:vcr.request.Request",
+        '!!python/object:vcr.request.Request',
-        "!!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset",
+        '!!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset',
-        "!!python/object/apply:builtins.frozenset",
+        '!!python/object/apply:builtins.frozenset',
    ]
    for s in STRINGS_TO_NUKE:
-        cassette = cassette.replace(s, "")
+        cassette = cassette.replace(s, '')
    return cassette
-PARTS = ["protocol", "host", "port", "path"]
+PARTS = [
    'protocol',
    'host',
    'port',
    'path',
 ]
 def build_uri(**parts):
-    port = parts["port"]
+    port = parts['port']
-    scheme = parts["protocol"]
+    scheme = parts['protocol']
-    default_port = {"https": 443, "http": 80}[scheme]
+    default_port = {'https': 443, 'http': 80}[scheme]
-    parts["port"] = ":{}".format(port) if port != default_port else ""
+    parts['port'] = ':{0}'.format(port) if port != default_port else ''
    return "{protocol}://{host}{port}{path}".format(**parts)
 def _migrate(data):
    interactions = []
    for item in data:
-        req = item["request"]
+        req = item['request']
-        res = item["response"]
+        res = item['response']
-        uri = {k: req.pop(k) for k in PARTS}
+        uri = dict((k, req.pop(k)) for k in PARTS)
-        req["uri"] = build_uri(**uri)
+        req['uri'] = build_uri(**uri)
        # convert headers to dict of lists
-        headers = req["headers"]
+        headers = req['headers']
        for k in headers:
            headers[k] = [headers[k]]
        response_headers = {}
-        for k, v in get_httpmessage(b"".join(h.encode("utf-8") for h in res["headers"])).items():
+        for k, v in get_httpmessage(
            b"".join(h.encode('utf-8') for h in res['headers'])
        ).items():
            response_headers.setdefault(k, [])
            response_headers[k].append(v)
-        res["headers"] = response_headers
+        res['headers'] = response_headers
-        interactions.append({"request": req, "response": res})
+        interactions.append({'request': req, 'response': res})
    return {
-        "requests": [request.Request._from_dict(i["request"]) for i in interactions],
+        'requests': [
-        "responses": [i["response"] for i in interactions],
+            request.Request._from_dict(i['request']) for i in interactions
        ],
        'responses': [i['response'] for i in interactions],
    }
@@ -92,12 +100,12 @@ def migrate_json(in_fp, out_fp):
 def _list_of_tuples_to_dict(fs):
-    return {k: v for k, v in fs[0]}
+    return dict((k, v) for k, v in fs[0])
 def _already_migrated(data):
    try:
-        if data.get("version") == 1:
+        if data.get('version') == 1:
            return True
    except AttributeError:
        return False
@@ -108,7 +116,9 @@ def migrate_yml(in_fp, out_fp):
    if _already_migrated(data):
        return False
    for i in range(len(data)):
-        data[i]["request"]["headers"] = _list_of_tuples_to_dict(data[i]["request"]["headers"])
+        data[i]['request']['headers'] = _list_of_tuples_to_dict(
            data[i]['request']['headers']
        )
    interactions = _migrate(data)
    out_fp.write(serialize(interactions, yamlserializer))
    return True
@@ -117,42 +127,42 @@ def migrate_yml(in_fp, out_fp):
 def migrate(file_path, migration_fn):
    # because we assume that original files can be reverted
    # we will try to copy the content. (os.rename not needed)
-    with tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode="w+") as out_fp:
+    with tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode='w+') as out_fp:
-        with open(file_path, "r") as in_fp:
+        with open(file_path, 'r') as in_fp:
            if not migration_fn(in_fp, out_fp):
                return False
-        with open(file_path, "w") as in_fp:
+        with open(file_path, 'w') as in_fp:
            out_fp.seek(0)
            shutil.copyfileobj(out_fp, in_fp)
        return True
 def try_migrate(path):
-    if path.endswith(".json"):
+    if path.endswith('.json'):
        return migrate(path, migrate_json)
-    elif path.endswith(".yaml") or path.endswith(".yml"):
+    elif path.endswith('.yaml') or path.endswith('.yml'):
        return migrate(path, migrate_yml)
    return False
 def main():
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        raise SystemExit(
+        raise SystemExit("Please provide path to cassettes directory or file. "
-            "Please provide path to cassettes directory or file. " "Usage: python -m vcr.migration PATH"
+                         "Usage: python -m vcr.migration PATH")
        )
    path = sys.argv[1]
    if not os.path.isabs(path):
        path = os.path.abspath(path)
    files = [path]
    if os.path.isdir(path):
-        files = (os.path.join(root, name) for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(path) for name in files)
+        files = (os.path.join(root, name)
                 for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(path)
                 for name in files)
    for file_path in files:
-        migrated = try_migrate(file_path)
+            migrated = try_migrate(file_path)
-        status = "OK" if migrated else "FAIL"
+            status = 'OK' if migrated else 'FAIL'
-        sys.stderr.write("[{}] {}\n".format(status, file_path))
+            sys.stderr.write("[{0}] {1}\n".format(status, file_path))
    sys.stderr.write("Done.\n")
-
+if __name__ == '__main__':
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
--- a/vcr/patch.py
+++ b/vcr/patch.py
@@ -1,60 +1,35 @@
-"""Utilities for patching in cassettes"""
+'''Utilities for patching in cassettes'''
 import contextlib
 import functools
 import http.client as httplib
 import itertools
 import logging
 from unittest import mock
 from .compat import contextlib, mock
 from .stubs import VCRHTTPConnection, VCRHTTPSConnection
 from six.moves import http_client as httplib
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Save some of the original types for the purposes of unpatching
 _HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTPConnection
 _HTTPSConnection = httplib.HTTPSConnection
 # Try to save the original types for boto3
 try:
    from botocore.awsrequest import AWSHTTPConnection, AWSHTTPSConnection
 except ImportError as e:
    try:
        import botocore.vendored.requests  # noqa: F401
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "vcrpy >=4.2.2 and botocore <1.11.0 are not compatible"
            "; please upgrade botocore (or downgrade vcrpy)"
        ) from e
 else:
    _Boto3VerifiedHTTPSConnection = AWSHTTPSConnection
    _cpoolBoto3HTTPConnection = AWSHTTPConnection
    _cpoolBoto3HTTPSConnection = AWSHTTPSConnection
 cpool = None
 conn = None
 # Try to save the original types for urllib3
 try:
    import urllib3.connection as conn
    import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
    _VerifiedHTTPSConnection = conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
    _connHTTPConnection = conn.HTTPConnection
    _connHTTPSConnection = conn.HTTPSConnection
 # Try to save the original types for requests
 try:
-    import requests
+    import requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
-    if requests.__build__ < 0x021602:
+    _VerifiedHTTPSConnection = cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        raise RuntimeError(
+    _cpoolHTTPConnection = cpool.HTTPConnection
-            "vcrpy >=4.2.2 and requests <2.16.2 are not compatible"
+    _cpoolHTTPSConnection = cpool.HTTPSConnection
-            "; please upgrade requests (or downgrade vcrpy)"
+
-        )
+
 # Try to save the original types for urllib3
 try:
    import urllib3
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
    _VerifiedHTTPSConnection = urllib3.connectionpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
 # Try to save the original types for httplib2
@@ -67,6 +42,7 @@ else:
    _HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout = httplib2.HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
    _SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION = httplib2.SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION
 # Try to save the original types for boto
 try:
    import boto.https_connection
@@ -75,44 +51,34 @@ except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
 else:
    _CertValidatingHTTPSConnection = boto.https_connection.CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
 # Try to save the original types for Tornado
 try:
    import tornado.simple_httpclient
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
-    _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl = tornado.simple_httpclient.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient.fetch_impl
+    _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl = \
            tornado.simple_httpclient.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient.fetch_impl
 try:
    import tornado.curl_httpclient
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
-    _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl = tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient.fetch_impl
+    _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl = \
-
+            tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient.fetch_impl
 try:
    import aiohttp.client
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
    _AiohttpClientSessionRequest = aiohttp.client.ClientSession._request
-try:
+class CassettePatcherBuilder(object):
    import httpx
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    pass
 else:
    _HttpxSyncClient_send = httpx.Client.send
    _HttpxAsyncClient_send = httpx.AsyncClient.send
 class CassettePatcherBuilder:
    def _build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator(function):
        @functools.wraps(function)
        def wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(function(self, *args, **kwargs))
+            return self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(
-
+                function(self, *args, **kwargs)
            )
        return wrapped
    def __init__(self, cassette):
@@ -121,16 +87,11 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
    def build(self):
        return itertools.chain(
-            self._httplib(),
+            self._httplib(), self._requests(), self._urllib3(),
-            self._requests(),
+            self._httplib2(), self._boto(), self._tornado(),
-            self._boto3(),
+            self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(
-            self._urllib3(),
+                self._cassette.custom_patches
-            self._httplib2(),
+            ),
            self._boto(),
            self._tornado(),
            self._aiohttp(),
            self._httpx(),
            self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(self._cassette.custom_patches),
        )
    def _build_patchers_from_mock_triples(self, mock_triples):
@@ -143,9 +104,9 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
        if not hasattr(obj, patched_attribute):
            return
-        return mock.patch.object(
+        return mock.patch.object(obj, patched_attribute,
-            obj, patched_attribute, self._recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(replacement_class)
+                                 self._recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(
-        )
+                                     replacement_class))
    def _recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(self, replacement_dict_or_obj):
        """One of the subtleties of this class is that it does not directly
@@ -166,12 +127,14 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
        described in the previous paragraph.
        """
        if isinstance(replacement_dict_or_obj, dict):
-            for key, replacement_obj in replacement_dict_or_obj.items():
+            for key, replacement_obj  in replacement_dict_or_obj.items():
-                replacement_obj = self._recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(replacement_obj)
+                replacement_obj = self._recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(
                    replacement_obj)
                replacement_dict_or_obj[key] = replacement_obj
            return replacement_dict_or_obj
-        if hasattr(replacement_dict_or_obj, "cassette"):
+        if hasattr(replacement_dict_or_obj, 'cassette'):
-            replacement_dict_or_obj = self._get_cassette_subclass(replacement_dict_or_obj)
+            replacement_dict_or_obj =  self._get_cassette_subclass(
                replacement_dict_or_obj)
        return replacement_dict_or_obj
    def _get_cassette_subclass(self, klass):
@@ -184,47 +147,31 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
    def _build_cassette_subclass(self, base_class):
        bases = (base_class,)
-        if not issubclass(base_class, object):  # Check for old style class
+        if not issubclass(base_class, object): # Check for old style class
            bases += (object,)
-        return type(
+        return type('{0}{1}'.format(base_class.__name__, self._cassette._path),
-            "{}{}".format(base_class.__name__, self._cassette._path), bases, dict(cassette=self._cassette)
+                    bases, dict(cassette=self._cassette))
        )
    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
    def _httplib(self):
-        yield httplib, "HTTPConnection", VCRHTTPConnection
+        yield httplib, 'HTTPConnection', VCRHTTPConnection
-        yield httplib, "HTTPSConnection", VCRHTTPSConnection
+        yield httplib, 'HTTPSConnection', VCRHTTPSConnection
    def _requests(self):
        try:
-            from .stubs import requests_stubs
+            import requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            return ()
-        return self._urllib3_patchers(cpool, conn, requests_stubs)
+        from .stubs import requests_stubs
-
+        return self._urllib3_patchers(cpool, requests_stubs)
    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
    def _boto3(self):
        try:
            # botocore using awsrequest
            import botocore.awsrequest as cpool
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            pass
        else:
            from .stubs import boto3_stubs
            log.debug("Patching boto3 cpool with %s", cpool)
            yield cpool.AWSHTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", boto3_stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection
            yield cpool.AWSHTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", boto3_stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection
    def _patched_get_conn(self, connection_pool_class, connection_class_getter):
        get_conn = connection_pool_class._get_conn
        @functools.wraps(get_conn)
        def patched_get_conn(pool, timeout=None):
            connection = get_conn(pool, timeout)
-            connection_class = (
+            connection_class = pool.ConnectionCls if hasattr(pool, 'ConnectionCls') \
-                pool.ConnectionCls if hasattr(pool, "ConnectionCls") else connection_class_getter()
+                               else connection_class_getter()
            )
            # We need to make sure that we are actually providing a
            # patched version of the connection class. This might not
            # always be the case because the pool keeps previously
@@ -234,29 +181,24 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
            while not isinstance(connection, connection_class):
                connection = get_conn(pool, timeout)
            return connection
        return patched_get_conn
    def _patched_new_conn(self, connection_pool_class, connection_remover):
        new_conn = connection_pool_class._new_conn
        @functools.wraps(new_conn)
        def patched_new_conn(pool):
            new_connection = new_conn(pool)
            connection_remover.add_connection_to_pool_entry(pool, new_connection)
            return new_connection
        return patched_new_conn
    def _urllib3(self):
        try:
            import urllib3.connection as conn
            import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            return ()
        from .stubs import urllib3_stubs
-
+        return self._urllib3_patchers(cpool, urllib3_stubs)
        return self._urllib3_patchers(cpool, conn, urllib3_stubs)
    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
    def _httplib2(self):
@@ -265,14 +207,13 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            pass
        else:
-            from .stubs.httplib2_stubs import VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout, VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
+            from .stubs.httplib2_stubs import VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout
            from .stubs.httplib2_stubs import VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
-            yield cpool, "HTTPConnectionWithTimeout", VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout
+            yield cpool, 'HTTPConnectionWithTimeout', VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout
-            yield cpool, "HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout", VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
+            yield cpool, 'HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout', VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
-            yield cpool, "SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION", {
+            yield cpool, 'SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION', {'http': VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout,
-                "http": VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout,
+                                                  'https': VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout}
                "https": VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout,
            }
    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
    def _boto(self):
@@ -282,8 +223,7 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
            pass
        else:
            from .stubs.boto_stubs import VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
-
+            yield cpool, 'CertValidatingHTTPSConnection', VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
            yield cpool, "CertValidatingHTTPSConnection", VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
    def _tornado(self):
@@ -294,8 +234,10 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
        else:
            from .stubs.tornado_stubs import vcr_fetch_impl
-            new_fetch_impl = vcr_fetch_impl(self._cassette, _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+            new_fetch_impl = vcr_fetch_impl(
-            yield simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", new_fetch_impl
+                self._cassette, _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl
            )
            yield simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient, 'fetch_impl', new_fetch_impl
        try:
            import tornado.curl_httpclient as curl
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
@@ -303,37 +245,12 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
        else:
            from .stubs.tornado_stubs import vcr_fetch_impl
-            new_fetch_impl = vcr_fetch_impl(self._cassette, _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+            new_fetch_impl = vcr_fetch_impl(
-            yield curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", new_fetch_impl
+                self._cassette, _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl
            )
            yield curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient, 'fetch_impl', new_fetch_impl
-    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _urllib3_patchers(self, cpool, stubs):
    def _aiohttp(self):
        try:
            import aiohttp.client as client
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            pass
        else:
            from .stubs.aiohttp_stubs import vcr_request
            new_request = vcr_request(self._cassette, _AiohttpClientSessionRequest)
            yield client.ClientSession, "_request", new_request
    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
    def _httpx(self):
        try:
            import httpx
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            return
        else:
            from .stubs.httpx_stubs import async_vcr_send, sync_vcr_send
            new_async_client_send = async_vcr_send(self._cassette, _HttpxAsyncClient_send)
            yield httpx.AsyncClient, "send", new_async_client_send
            new_sync_client_send = sync_vcr_send(self._cassette, _HttpxSyncClient_send)
            yield httpx.Client, "send", new_sync_client_send
    def _urllib3_patchers(self, cpool, conn, stubs):
        http_connection_remover = ConnectionRemover(
            self._get_cassette_subclass(stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection)
        )
@@ -341,45 +258,35 @@ class CassettePatcherBuilder:
            self._get_cassette_subclass(stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection)
        )
        mock_triples = (
-            (conn, "VerifiedHTTPSConnection", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
+            (cpool, 'VerifiedHTTPSConnection', stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
-            (conn, "HTTPConnection", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection),
+            (cpool, 'VerifiedHTTPSConnection', stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
-            (conn, "HTTPSConnection", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
+            (cpool, 'HTTPConnection', stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection),
-            (cpool, "is_connection_dropped", mock.Mock(return_value=False)),  # Needed on Windows only
+            (cpool, 'HTTPSConnection', stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
-            (cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection),
+            (cpool, 'is_connection_dropped', mock.Mock(return_value=False)),  # Needed on Windows only
-            (cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
+            (cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls', stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection),
            (cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls', stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
        )
        # These handle making sure that sessions only use the
        # connections of the appropriate type.
-        mock_triples += (
+        mock_triples += ((cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, '_get_conn',
-            (
+                          self._patched_get_conn(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
-                cpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
+                                                 lambda : cpool.HTTPConnection)),
-                "_get_conn",
+                         (cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, '_get_conn',
-                self._patched_get_conn(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, lambda: cpool.HTTPConnection),
+                          self._patched_get_conn(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool,
-            ),
+                                                 lambda : cpool.HTTPSConnection)),
-            (
+                         (cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, '_new_conn',
-                cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool,
+                          self._patched_new_conn(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
-                "_get_conn",
+                                                 http_connection_remover)),
-                self._patched_get_conn(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, lambda: cpool.HTTPSConnection),
+                         (cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, '_new_conn',
-            ),
+                          self._patched_new_conn(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool,
-            (
+                                                 https_connection_remover)))
                cpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
                "_new_conn",
                self._patched_new_conn(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, http_connection_remover),
            ),
            (
                cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool,
                "_new_conn",
                self._patched_new_conn(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, https_connection_remover),
            ),
        )
-        return itertools.chain(
+        return itertools.chain(self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(mock_triples),
-            self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(mock_triples),
+                               (http_connection_remover, https_connection_remover))
            (http_connection_remover, https_connection_remover),
        )
-class ConnectionRemover:
+class ConnectionRemover(object):
    def __init__(self, connection_class):
        self._connection_class = connection_class
        self._connection_pool_to_connections = {}
@@ -409,63 +316,75 @@ class ConnectionRemover:
 def reset_patchers():
-    yield mock.patch.object(httplib, "HTTPConnection", _HTTPConnection)
+    yield mock.patch.object(httplib, 'HTTPConnection', _HTTPConnection)
-    yield mock.patch.object(httplib, "HTTPSConnection", _HTTPSConnection)
+    yield mock.patch.object(httplib, 'HTTPSConnection', _HTTPSConnection)
    try:
        import requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
        # unpatch requests v1.x
        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'VerifiedHTTPSConnection', _VerifiedHTTPSConnection)
        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'HTTPConnection', _cpoolHTTPConnection)
        # unpatch requests v2.x
        if hasattr(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls'):
            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls',
                                    _cpoolHTTPConnection)
            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls',
                                    _cpoolHTTPSConnection)
        if hasattr(cpool, 'HTTPSConnection'):
            yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'HTTPSConnection', _cpoolHTTPSConnection)
    try:
        import urllib3.connection as conn
        import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
-        yield mock.patch.object(conn, "VerifiedHTTPSConnection", _VerifiedHTTPSConnection)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'VerifiedHTTPSConnection', _VerifiedHTTPSConnection)
-        yield mock.patch.object(conn, "HTTPConnection", _connHTTPConnection)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'HTTPConnection', _HTTPConnection)
-        yield mock.patch.object(conn, "HTTPSConnection", _connHTTPSConnection)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'HTTPSConnection', _HTTPSConnection)
-        if hasattr(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls"):
+        if hasattr(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls'):
-            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _connHTTPConnection)
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls', _HTTPConnection)
-            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _connHTTPSConnection)
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, 'ConnectionCls', _HTTPSConnection)
    try:
        # unpatch botocore with awsrequest
        import botocore.awsrequest as cpool
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
        if hasattr(cpool.AWSHTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls"):
            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.AWSHTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _cpoolBoto3HTTPConnection)
            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.AWSHTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _cpoolBoto3HTTPSConnection)
        if hasattr(cpool, "AWSHTTPSConnection"):
            yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "AWSHTTPSConnection", _cpoolBoto3HTTPSConnection)
    try:
        import httplib2 as cpool
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
-        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "HTTPConnectionWithTimeout", _HTTPConnectionWithTimeout)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'HTTPConnectionWithTimeout', _HTTPConnectionWithTimeout)
-        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout", _HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout', _HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout)
-        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION", _SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION', _SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION)
    try:
        import boto.https_connection as cpool
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
-        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "CertValidatingHTTPSConnection", _CertValidatingHTTPSConnection)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, 'CertValidatingHTTPSConnection',
                                _CertValidatingHTTPSConnection)
    try:
        import tornado.simple_httpclient as simple
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
-        yield mock.patch.object(simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+        yield mock.patch.object(
            simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient,
            'fetch_impl',
            _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl,
        )
    try:
        import tornado.curl_httpclient as curl
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        pass
    else:
-        yield mock.patch.object(curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+        yield mock.patch.object(
            curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient,
            'fetch_impl', 
            _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl,
        )
@contextlib.contextmanager
--- a/vcr/persist.py
+++ b/vcr/persist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 from .persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
 from .serialize import serialize, deserialize
 def load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer):
    with open(cassette_path) as f:
        cassette_content = f.read()
        cassette = deserialize(cassette_content, serializer)
        return cassette
 def save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer):
    data = serialize(cassette_dict, serializer)
    FilesystemPersister.write(cassette_path, data)
--- a/vcr/persisters/filesystem.py
+++ b/vcr/persisters/filesystem.py
@@ -1,32 +1,11 @@
-# .. _persister_example:
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from ..serialize import deserialize, serialize
-class FilesystemPersister:
+class FilesystemPersister(object):
    @classmethod
-    def load_cassette(cls, cassette_path, serializer):
+    def write(cls, cassette_path, data):
-        cassette_path = Path(cassette_path)  # if cassette path is already Path this is no operation
+        dirname, filename = os.path.split(cassette_path)
-        if not cassette_path.is_file():
+        if dirname and not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            raise ValueError("Cassette not found.")
+            os.makedirs(dirname)
-        try:
+        with open(cassette_path, 'w') as f:
            with cassette_path.open() as f:
                data = f.read()
        except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
            raise ValueError("Can't read Cassette, Encoding is broken") from err
        return deserialize(data, serializer)
    @staticmethod
    def save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer):
        data = serialize(cassette_dict, serializer)
        cassette_path = Path(cassette_path)  # if cassette path is already Path this is no operation
        cassette_folder = cassette_path.parent
        if not cassette_folder.exists():
            cassette_folder.mkdir(parents=True)
        with cassette_path.open("w") as f:
            f.write(data)
--- a/vcr/record_mode.py
+++ b/vcr/record_mode.py
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
 from enum import Enum
 class RecordMode(str, Enum):
    """
    Configures when VCR will record to the cassette.
    Can be declared by either using the enumerated value (`vcr.mode.ONCE`)
    or by simply using the defined string (`once`).
    `ALL`: Every request is recorded.
    `ANY`: ?
    `NEW_EPISODES`: Any request not found in the cassette is recorded.
    `NONE`: No requests are recorded.
    `ONCE`:  First set of requests is recorded, all others are replayed.
    Attempting to add a new episode fails.
    """
    ALL = "all"
    ANY = "any"
    NEW_EPISODES = "new_episodes"
    NONE = "none"
    ONCE = "once"
--- a/vcr/request.py
+++ b/vcr/request.py
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 import logging
 import warnings
-from io import BytesIO
+from six import BytesIO, text_type
-from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urlparse
+from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qsl
 from .util import CaseInsensitiveDict
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
+class Request(object):
 class Request:
    """
    VCR's representation of a request.
    """
@@ -16,13 +12,12 @@ class Request:
    def __init__(self, method, uri, body, headers):
        self.method = method
        self.uri = uri
-        self._was_file = hasattr(body, "read")
+        self._was_file = hasattr(body, 'read')
        if self._was_file:
            self.body = body.read()
        else:
            self.body = body
        self.headers = headers
        log.debug("Invoking Request %s", self.uri)
    @property
    def headers(self):
@@ -40,15 +35,14 @@ class Request:
    @body.setter
    def body(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, str):
+        if isinstance(value, text_type):
-            value = value.encode("utf-8")
+            value = value.encode('utf-8')
        self._body = value
    def add_header(self, key, value):
-        warnings.warn(
+        warnings.warn("Request.add_header is deprecated. "
-            "Request.add_header is deprecated. " "Please assign to request.headers instead.",
+                      "Please assign to request.headers instead.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
+                      DeprecationWarning)
        )
        self.headers[key] = value
    @property
@@ -64,10 +58,7 @@ class Request:
        parse_uri = urlparse(self.uri)
        port = parse_uri.port
        if port is None:
-            try:
+            port = {'https': 443, 'http': 80}[parse_uri.scheme]
                port = {"https": 443, "http": 80}[parse_uri.scheme]
            except KeyError:
                pass
        return port
    @property
@@ -90,17 +81,17 @@ class Request:
        return self.scheme
    def __str__(self):
-        return "<Request ({}) {}>".format(self.method, self.uri)
+        return "<Request ({0}) {1}>".format(self.method, self.uri)
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()
    def _to_dict(self):
        return {
-            "method": self.method,
+            'method': self.method,
-            "uri": self.uri,
+            'uri': self.uri,
-            "body": self.body,
+            'body': self.body,
-            "headers": {k: [v] for k, v in self.headers.items()},
+            'headers': dict(((k, [v]) for k, v in self.headers.items())),
        }
    @classmethod
@@ -121,7 +112,7 @@ class HeadersDict(CaseInsensitiveDict):
    In addition, some servers sometimes send the same header more than once,
    and httplib *can* deal with this situation.
-    Furthermore, I wanted to keep the request and response cassette format as
+    Futhermore, I wanted to keep the request and response cassette format as
    similar as possible.
    For this reason, in cassettes I keep a dict with lists as keys, but once
@@ -137,4 +128,4 @@ class HeadersDict(CaseInsensitiveDict):
        if old:
            key = old[0]
-        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+        super(HeadersDict, self).__setitem__(key, value)
--- a/vcr/serialize.py
+++ b/vcr/serialize.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import yaml
 from vcr.request import Request
 from vcr.serializers import compat
 from vcr.request import Request
 import yaml
 # version 1 cassettes started with VCR 1.0.x.
 # Before 1.0.x, there was no versioning.
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ Deserializing: string (yaml converts from utf-8) -> bytestring
 def _looks_like_an_old_cassette(data):
-    return isinstance(data, list) and len(data) and "request" in data[0]
+    return isinstance(data, list) and len(data) and 'request' in data[0]
 def _warn_about_old_cassette_format():
@@ -42,18 +41,23 @@ def deserialize(cassette_string, serializer):
    if _looks_like_an_old_cassette(data):
        _warn_about_old_cassette_format()
-    requests = [Request._from_dict(r["request"]) for r in data["interactions"]]
+    requests = [Request._from_dict(r['request']) for r in data['interactions']]
-    responses = [compat.convert_to_bytes(r["response"]) for r in data["interactions"]]
+    responses = [
        compat.convert_to_bytes(r['response']) for r in data['interactions']
    ]
    return requests, responses
 def serialize(cassette_dict, serializer):
-    interactions = [
+    interactions = ([{
-        {
+        'request': request._to_dict(),
-            "request": compat.convert_to_unicode(request._to_dict()),
+        'response': compat.convert_to_unicode(response),
-            "response": compat.convert_to_unicode(response),
+    } for request, response in zip(
-        }
+        cassette_dict['requests'],
-        for request, response in zip(cassette_dict["requests"], cassette_dict["responses"])
+        cassette_dict['responses'],
-    ]
+    )])
-    data = {"version": CASSETTE_FORMAT_VERSION, "interactions": interactions}
+    data = {
        'version': CASSETTE_FORMAT_VERSION,
        'interactions': interactions,
    }
    return serializer.serialize(data)
--- a/vcr/serializers/compat.py
+++ b/vcr/serializers/compat.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 import six
 def convert_to_bytes(resp):
    resp = convert_body_to_bytes(resp)
    return resp
@@ -14,15 +17,15 @@ def convert_body_to_bytes(resp):
    By default yaml serializes to utf-8 encoded bytestrings.
    When this cassette is loaded by python3, it's automatically decoded
-    into unicode strings. This makes sure that it stays a bytestring, since
+    into unicode strings.  This makes sure that it stays a bytestring, since
    that's what all the internal httplib machinery is expecting.
    For more info on py3 yaml:
    http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation#Python3support
    """
    try:
-        if resp["body"]["string"] is not None and not isinstance(resp["body"]["string"], bytes):
+        if not isinstance(resp['body']['string'], six.binary_type):
-            resp["body"]["string"] = resp["body"]["string"].encode("utf-8")
+            resp['body']['string'] = resp['body']['string'].encode('utf-8')
    except (KeyError, TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # The thing we were converting either wasn't a dictionary or didn't
        # have the keys we were expecting.  Some of the tests just serialize
@@ -34,41 +37,19 @@ def convert_body_to_bytes(resp):
    return resp
 def _convert_string_to_unicode(string):
    """
    If the string is bytes, decode it to a string (for python3 support)
    """
    result = string
    try:
        if string is not None and not isinstance(string, str):
            result = string.decode("utf-8")
    except (TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError, AttributeError):
        # Sometimes the string actually is binary or StringIO object,
        # so if you can't decode it, just give up.
        pass
    return result
 def convert_body_to_unicode(resp):
    """
-    If the request or responses body is bytes, decode it to a string
+    If the request body is bytes, decode it to a string (for python3 support)
    (for python3 support)
    """
-    if type(resp) is not dict:
+    try:
-        # Some of the tests just serialize and deserialize a string.
+        if not isinstance(resp['body']['string'], six.text_type):
-        return _convert_string_to_unicode(resp)
+            resp['body']['string'] = resp['body']['string'].decode('utf-8')
-    else:
+    except (KeyError, TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
-        body = resp.get("body")
+        # The thing we were converting either wasn't a dictionary or didn't
-
+        # have the keys we were expecting.  Some of the tests just serialize
-        if body is not None:
+        # and deserialize a string.
            try:
                body["string"] = _convert_string_to_unicode(body["string"])
            except (KeyError, TypeError, AttributeError):
                # The thing we were converting either wasn't a dictionary or
                # didn't have the keys we were expecting.
                # For example request object has no 'string' key.
                resp["body"] = _convert_string_to_unicode(body)
        # Also, sometimes the thing actually is binary, so if you can't decode
        # it, just give up.
        pass
    return resp
--- a/vcr/serializers/jsonserializer.py
+++ b/vcr/serializers/jsonserializer.py
@@ -9,21 +9,16 @@ def deserialize(cassette_string):
 def serialize(cassette_dict):
    error_message = (
        "Does this HTTP interaction contain binary data? "
        "If so, use a different serializer (like the yaml serializer) "
        "for this request?"
    )
    try:
-        return json.dumps(cassette_dict, indent=4) + "\n"
+        return json.dumps(cassette_dict, indent=4)
-    except UnicodeDecodeError as original:  # py2
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as original:
        raise UnicodeDecodeError(
            original.encoding,
            b"Error serializing cassette to JSON",
            original.start,
            original.end,
-            original.args[-1] + error_message,
+            original.args[-1] +
            ("Does this HTTP interaction contain binary data? "
             "If so, use a different serializer (like the yaml serializer) "
             "for this request?")
        )
    except TypeError:  # py3
        raise TypeError(error_message)
--- a/vcr/serializers/yamlserializer.py
+++ b/vcr/serializers/yamlserializer.py
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ import yaml
 # Use the libYAML versions if possible
 try:
-    from yaml import CDumper as Dumper
+    from yaml import CLoader as Loader, CDumper as Dumper
    from yaml import CLoader as Loader
 except ImportError:
-    from yaml import Dumper, Loader
+    from yaml import Loader, Dumper
 def deserialize(cassette_string):
--- a/vcr/stubs/init.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/init.py
@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
-"""Stubs for patching HTTP and HTTPS requests"""
+'''Stubs for patching HTTP and HTTPS requests'''
 try:
    import http.client
 except ImportError:
    pass
 import logging
-from http.client import HTTPConnection, HTTPResponse, HTTPSConnection
+import six
-from io import BytesIO
+from six.moves.http_client import (
-
+    HTTPConnection,
-from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
+    HTTPSConnection,
    HTTPResponse,
 )
 from six import BytesIO
 from vcr.request import Request
-
+from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
 from . import compat
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-class VCRFakeSocket:
+class VCRFakeSocket(object):
    """
    A socket that doesn't do anything!
-    Used when playing back cassettes, when there
+    Used when playing back casssettes, when there
    is no actual open socket.
    """
@@ -42,14 +49,14 @@ def parse_headers(header_list):
    header_string = b""
    for key, values in header_list.items():
        for v in values:
-            header_string += key.encode("utf-8") + b":" + v.encode("utf-8") + b"\r\n"
+            header_string += \
                key.encode('utf-8') + b":" + v.encode('utf-8') + b"\r\n"
    return compat.get_httpmessage(header_string)
 def serialize_headers(response):
    headers = response.headers if response.msg is None else response.msg
    out = {}
-    for key, values in compat.get_headers(headers):
+    for key, values in compat.get_headers(response.msg):
        out.setdefault(key, [])
        out[key].extend(values)
    return out
@@ -57,66 +64,42 @@ def serialize_headers(response):
 class VCRHTTPResponse(HTTPResponse):
    """
-    Stub response class that gets returned instead of a HTTPResponse
+    Stub reponse class that gets returned instead of a HTTPResponse
    """
    def __init__(self, recorded_response):
        self.fp = None
        self.recorded_response = recorded_response
-        self.reason = recorded_response["status"]["message"]
+        self.reason = recorded_response['status']['message']
-        self.status = self.code = recorded_response["status"]["code"]
+        self.status = self.code = recorded_response['status']['code']
        self.version = None
-        self._content = BytesIO(self.recorded_response["body"]["string"])
+        self._content = BytesIO(self.recorded_response['body']['string'])
        self._closed = False
        self._original_response = self  # for requests.session.Session cookie extraction
-        headers = self.recorded_response["headers"]
+        headers = self.recorded_response['headers']
        # Since we are loading a response that has already been serialized, our
        # response is no longer chunked.  That means we don't want any
        # libraries trying to process a chunked response.  By removing the
        # transfer-encoding: chunked header, this should cause the downstream
        # libraries to process this as a non-chunked response.
-        te_key = [h for h in headers.keys() if h.upper() == "TRANSFER-ENCODING"]
+        te_key = [h for h in headers.keys() if h.upper() == 'TRANSFER-ENCODING']
        if te_key:
            del headers[te_key[0]]
        self.headers = self.msg = parse_headers(headers)
-        self.length = compat.get_header(self.msg, "content-length") or None
+        self.length = compat.get_header(self.msg, 'content-length') or None
    @property
    def closed(self):
        # in python3, I can't change the value of self.closed.  So I'
        # twiddling self._closed and using this property to shadow the real
-        # self.closed from the superclass
+        # self.closed from the superclas
        return self._closed
    def read(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._content.read(*args, **kwargs)
    def readall(self):
        return self._content.readall()
    def readinto(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._content.readinto(*args, **kwargs)
    def readline(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._content.readline(*args, **kwargs)
    def readlines(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._content.readlines(*args, **kwargs)
    def seekable(self):
        return self._content.seekable()
    def tell(self):
        return self._content.tell()
    def isatty(self):
        return self._content.isatty()
    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._content.seek(*args, **kwargs)
    def close(self):
        self._closed = True
        return True
@@ -128,47 +111,22 @@ class VCRHTTPResponse(HTTPResponse):
        return self.closed
    def info(self):
-        return parse_headers(self.recorded_response["headers"])
+        return parse_headers(self.recorded_response['headers'])
    def getheaders(self):
-        message = parse_headers(self.recorded_response["headers"])
+        message = parse_headers(self.recorded_response['headers'])
        return list(compat.get_header_items(message))
    def getheader(self, header, default=None):
        values = [v for (k, v) in self.getheaders() if k.lower() == header.lower()]
        if values:
-            return ", ".join(values)
+            return ', '.join(values)
        else:
            return default
    def readable(self):
        return self._content.readable()
-    @property
+class VCRConnection(object):
    def length_remaining(self):
        return self._content.getbuffer().nbytes - self._content.tell()
    def get_redirect_location(self):
        """
        Returns (a) redirect location string if we got a redirect
        status code and valid location, (b) None if redirect status and
        no location, (c) False if not a redirect status code.
        See https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/urllib3.response.html .
        """
        if not (300 <= self.status <= 399):
            return False
        return self.getheader("Location")
    @property
    def data(self):
        return self._content.getbuffer().tobytes()
    def drain_conn(self):
        pass
 class VCRConnection:
    # A reference to the cassette that's currently being patched in
    cassette = None
@@ -177,54 +135,67 @@ class VCRConnection:
        Returns empty string for the default port and ':port' otherwise
        """
        port = self.real_connection.port
-        default_port = {"https": 443, "http": 80}[self._protocol]
+        default_port = {'https': 443, 'http': 80}[self._protocol]
-        return ":{}".format(port) if port != default_port else ""
+        return ':{0}'.format(port) if port != default_port else ''
    def _uri(self, url):
        """Returns request absolute URI"""
-        if url and not url.startswith("/"):
+        uri = "{0}://{1}{2}{3}".format(
-            # Then this must be a proxy request.
+            self._protocol,
-            return url
+            self.real_connection.host,
-        uri = "{}://{}{}{}".format(self._protocol, self.real_connection.host, self._port_postfix(), url)
+            self._port_postfix(),
-        log.debug("Absolute URI: %s", uri)
+            url,
        )
        return uri
    def _url(self, uri):
        """Returns request selector url from absolute URI"""
-        prefix = "{}://{}{}".format(self._protocol, self.real_connection.host, self._port_postfix())
+        prefix = "{0}://{1}{2}".format(
-        return uri.replace(prefix, "", 1)
+            self._protocol,
            self.real_connection.host,
            self._port_postfix(),
        )
        return uri.replace(prefix, '', 1)
-    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
-        """Persist the request metadata in self._vcr_request"""
+        '''Persist the request metadata in self._vcr_request'''
-        self._vcr_request = Request(method=method, uri=self._uri(url), body=body, headers=headers or {})
+        self._vcr_request = Request(
-        log.debug("Got {}".format(self._vcr_request))
+            method=method,
            uri=self._uri(url),
            body=body,
            headers=headers or {}
        )
        log.debug('Got {0}'.format(self._vcr_request))
        # Note: The request may not actually be finished at this point, so
        # I'm not sending the actual request until getresponse().  This
        # allows me to compare the entire length of the response to see if it
        # exists in the cassette.
        self._sock = VCRFakeSocket()
    def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        httplib gives you more than one way to do it.  This is a way
        to start building up a request.  Usually followed by a bunch
        of putheader() calls.
        """
-        self._vcr_request = Request(method=method, uri=self._uri(url), body="", headers={})
+        self._vcr_request = Request(
-        log.debug("Got {}".format(self._vcr_request))
+            method=method,
            uri=self._uri(url),
            body="",
            headers={}
        )
        log.debug('Got {0}'.format(self._vcr_request))
    def putheader(self, header, *values):
        self._vcr_request.headers[header] = values
    def send(self, data):
-        """
+        '''
        This method is called after request(), to add additional data to the
        body of the request.  So if that happens, let's just append the data
        onto the most recent request in the cassette.
-        """
+        '''
-        self._vcr_request.body = self._vcr_request.body + data if self._vcr_request.body else data
+        self._vcr_request.body = (self._vcr_request.body or '') + data
    def close(self):
        # Note: the real connection will only close if it's open, so
@@ -241,27 +212,54 @@ class VCRConnection:
            self._vcr_request.body = message_body
    def getresponse(self, _=False, **kwargs):
-        """Retrieve the response"""
+        '''Retrieve the response'''
        # Check to see if the cassette has a response for this request. If so,
        # then return it
        if self.cassette.can_play_response_for(self._vcr_request):
-            log.info("Playing response for {} from cassette".format(self._vcr_request))
+            log.info(
                "Playing response for {0} from cassette".format(
                    self._vcr_request
                )
            )
            response = self.cassette.play_response(self._vcr_request)
            return VCRHTTPResponse(response)
        else:
-            if self.cassette.write_protected and self.cassette.filter_request(self._vcr_request):
+            if self.cassette.write_protected and self.cassette.filter_request(
                self._vcr_request
            ):
                most_similar_request = None
                failing_matchers = None
                most_similar_request_info = None
                try:
                    most_similar_request_info = self.cassette.similar_requests(self._vcr_request)
                    most_similar_request = most_similar_request_info[0][0]
                    failing_matchers = self.cassette.failing_matchers(
                        self._vcr_request, most_similar_request
                    )
                except Exception as err:
                    print "XXXX {0}".format(err)
                    import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
                raise CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(
-                    cassette=self.cassette, failed_request=self._vcr_request
+                    "No match for the request (%r) was found. "
                    "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in "
                    "your current record mode (%r). Most similar request was (%r). "
                    "It differed from the request according to (%r). \n\n\n(%r)"
                    % (self._vcr_request, self.cassette._path,
                       self.cassette.record_mode, most_similar_request,
                       failing_matchers, most_similar_request_info)
                )
            # Otherwise, we should send the request, then get the response
            # and return it.
-            log.info("{} not in cassette, sending to real server".format(self._vcr_request))
+            log.info(
                "{0} not in cassette, sending to real server".format(
                    self._vcr_request
                )
            )
            # This is imported here to avoid circular import.
            # TODO(@IvanMalison): Refactor to allow normal import.
            from vcr.patch import force_reset
            with force_reset():
                self.real_connection.request(
                    method=self._vcr_request.method,
@@ -272,13 +270,15 @@ class VCRConnection:
            # get the response
            response = self.real_connection.getresponse()
            response_data = response.data if hasattr(response, "data") else response.read()
            # put the response into the cassette
            response = {
-                "status": {"code": response.status, "message": response.reason},
+                'status': {
-                "headers": serialize_headers(response),
+                    'code': response.status,
-                "body": {"string": response_data},
+                    'message': response.reason
                },
                'headers': serialize_headers(response),
                'body': {'string': response.read()},
            }
            self.cassette.append(self._vcr_request, response)
        return VCRHTTPResponse(response)
@@ -294,7 +294,8 @@ class VCRConnection:
        and are not write-protected.
        """
-        if hasattr(self, "_vcr_request") and self.cassette.can_play_response_for(self._vcr_request):
+        if hasattr(self, '_vcr_request') and \
                self.cassette.can_play_response_for(self._vcr_request):
            # We already have a response we are going to play, don't
            # actually connect
            return
@@ -303,18 +304,13 @@ class VCRConnection:
            # Cassette is write-protected, don't actually connect
            return
-        from vcr.patch import force_reset
+        return self.real_connection.connect(*args, **kwargs)
        with force_reset():
            return self.real_connection.connect(*args, **kwargs)
        self._sock = VCRFakeSocket()
    @property
    def sock(self):
        if self.real_connection.sock:
            return self.real_connection.sock
-        return self._sock
+        return VCRFakeSocket()
    @sock.setter
    def sock(self, value):
@@ -322,22 +318,20 @@ class VCRConnection:
            self.real_connection.sock = value
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        kwargs.pop("strict", None)  # apparently this is gone in py3
+        if six.PY3:
            kwargs.pop('strict', None)  # apparently this is gone in py3
        # need to temporarily reset here because the real connection
        # inherits from the thing that we are mocking out.  Take out
        # the reset if you want to see what I mean :)
        from vcr.patch import force_reset
        with force_reset():
            self.real_connection = self._baseclass(*args, **kwargs)
        self._sock = None
    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        """
        We need to define this because any attributes that are set on the
-        VCRConnection need to be propagated to the real connection.
+        VCRConnection need to be propogated to the real connection.
        For example, urllib3 will set certain attributes on the connection,
        such as 'ssl_version'. These attributes need to get set on the real
@@ -349,40 +343,21 @@ class VCRConnection:
        try:
            setattr(self.real_connection, name, value)
        except AttributeError:
-            # raised if real_connection has not been set yet, such as when
+             # raised if real_connection has not been set yet, such as when
-            # we're setting the real_connection itself for the first time
+             # we're setting the real_connection itself for the first time
            pass
-        super().__setattr__(name, value)
+        super(VCRConnection, self).__setattr__(name, value)
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        """
        Send requests for weird attributes up to the real connection
        (counterpart to __setattr above)
        """
        if self.__dict__.get("real_connection"):
            # check in case real_connection has not been set yet, such as when
            # we're setting the real_connection itself for the first time
            return getattr(self.real_connection, name)
        return super().__getattr__(name)
 for k, v in HTTPConnection.__dict__.items():
    if isinstance(v, staticmethod):
        setattr(VCRConnection, k, v)
 class VCRHTTPConnection(VCRConnection):
-    """A Mocked class for HTTP requests"""
+    '''A Mocked class for HTTP requests'''
    _baseclass = HTTPConnection
-    _protocol = "http"
+    _protocol = 'http'
 class VCRHTTPSConnection(VCRConnection):
-    """A Mocked class for HTTPS requests"""
+    '''A Mocked class for HTTPS requests'''
    _baseclass = HTTPSConnection
-    _protocol = "https"
+    _protocol = 'https'
    is_verified = True
--- a/vcr/stubs/aiohttp_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/aiohttp_stubs.py
@@ -1,280 +0,0 @@
 """Stubs for aiohttp HTTP clients"""
 import asyncio
 import functools
 import json
 import logging
 from http.cookies import CookieError, Morsel, SimpleCookie
 from typing import Mapping, Union
 from aiohttp import ClientConnectionError, ClientResponse, CookieJar, RequestInfo, hdrs, streams
 from aiohttp.helpers import strip_auth_from_url
 from multidict import CIMultiDict, CIMultiDictProxy, MultiDict
 from yarl import URL
 from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
 from vcr.request import Request
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class MockStream(asyncio.StreamReader, streams.AsyncStreamReaderMixin):
    pass
 class MockClientResponse(ClientResponse):
    def __init__(self, method, url, request_info=None):
        super().__init__(
            method=method,
            url=url,
            writer=None,
            continue100=None,
            timer=None,
            request_info=request_info,
            traces=None,
            loop=asyncio.get_event_loop(),
            session=None,
        )
    async def json(self, *, encoding="utf-8", loads=json.loads, **kwargs):  # NOQA: E999
        stripped = self._body.strip()
        if not stripped:
            return None
        return loads(stripped.decode(encoding))
    async def text(self, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
        return self._body.decode(encoding, errors=errors)
    async def read(self):
        return self._body
    def release(self):
        pass
    @property
    def content(self):
        s = MockStream()
        s.feed_data(self._body)
        s.feed_eof()
        return s
 def build_response(vcr_request, vcr_response, history):
    request_info = RequestInfo(
        url=URL(vcr_request.url),
        method=vcr_request.method,
        headers=_deserialize_headers(vcr_request.headers),
        real_url=URL(vcr_request.url),
    )
    response = MockClientResponse(vcr_request.method, URL(vcr_response.get("url")), request_info=request_info)
    response.status = vcr_response["status"]["code"]
    response._body = vcr_response["body"].get("string", b"")
    response.reason = vcr_response["status"]["message"]
    response._headers = _deserialize_headers(vcr_response["headers"])
    response._history = tuple(history)
    # cookies
    for hdr in response.headers.getall(hdrs.SET_COOKIE, ()):
        try:
            cookies = SimpleCookie(hdr)
            for cookie_name, cookie in cookies.items():
                expires = cookie.get("expires", "").strip()
                if expires:
                    log.debug('Ignoring expiration date: %s="%s"', cookie_name, expires)
                cookie["expires"] = ""
                response.cookies.load(cookie.output(header="").strip())
        except CookieError as exc:
            log.warning("Can not load response cookies: %s", exc)
    response.close()
    return response
 def _serialize_headers(headers):
    """Serialize CIMultiDictProxy to a pickle-able dict because proxy
    objects forbid pickling:
    https://github.com/aio-libs/multidict/issues/340
    """
    # Mark strings as keys so 'istr' types don't show up in
    # the cassettes as comments.
    serialized_headers = {}
    for k, v in headers.items():
        serialized_headers.setdefault(str(k), []).append(v)
    return serialized_headers
 def _deserialize_headers(headers):
    deserialized_headers = CIMultiDict()
    for k, vs in headers.items():
        if isinstance(vs, list):
            for v in vs:
                deserialized_headers.add(k, v)
        else:
            deserialized_headers.add(k, vs)
    return CIMultiDictProxy(deserialized_headers)
 def play_responses(cassette, vcr_request, kwargs):
    history = []
    allow_redirects = kwargs.get("allow_redirects", True)
    vcr_response = cassette.play_response(vcr_request)
    response = build_response(vcr_request, vcr_response, history)
    # If we're following redirects, continue playing until we reach
    # our final destination.
    while allow_redirects and 300 <= response.status <= 399:
        if "location" not in response.headers:
            break
        next_url = URL(response.url).join(URL(response.headers["location"]))
        # Make a stub VCR request that we can then use to look up the recorded
        # VCR request saved to the cassette. This feels a little hacky and
        # may have edge cases based on the headers we're providing (e.g. if
        # there's a matcher that is used to filter by headers).
        vcr_request = Request("GET", str(next_url), None, _serialize_headers(response.request_info.headers))
        vcr_requests = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches(vcr_request)
        for vcr_request, *_ in vcr_requests:
            if cassette.can_play_response_for(vcr_request):
                break
        # Tack on the response we saw from the redirect into the history
        # list that is added on to the final response.
        history.append(response)
        vcr_response = cassette.play_response(vcr_request)
        response = build_response(vcr_request, vcr_response, history)
    return response
 async def record_response(cassette, vcr_request, response):
    """Record a VCR request-response chain to the cassette."""
    try:
        body = {"string": (await response.read())}
    # aiohttp raises a ClientConnectionError on reads when
    # there is no body. We can use this to know to not write one.
    except ClientConnectionError:
        body = {}
    vcr_response = {
        "status": {"code": response.status, "message": response.reason},
        "headers": _serialize_headers(response.headers),
        "body": body,  # NOQA: E999
        "url": str(response.url),
    }
    cassette.append(vcr_request, vcr_response)
 async def record_responses(cassette, vcr_request, response):
    """Because aiohttp follows redirects by default, we must support
    them by default. This method is used to write individual
    request-response chains that were implicitly followed to get
    to the final destination.
    """
    for i, past_response in enumerate(response.history):
        aiohttp_request = past_response.request_info
        past_request = Request(
            aiohttp_request.method,
            str(aiohttp_request.url),
            # Record body of first request, rest are following a redirect.
            None if i else vcr_request.body,
            _serialize_headers(aiohttp_request.headers),
        )
        await record_response(cassette, past_request, past_response)
    # If we're following redirects, then the last request-response
    # we record is the one attached to the `response`.
    if response.history:
        aiohttp_request = response.request_info
        vcr_request = Request(
            aiohttp_request.method,
            str(aiohttp_request.url),
            None,
            _serialize_headers(aiohttp_request.headers),
        )
    await record_response(cassette, vcr_request, response)
 def _build_cookie_header(session, cookies, cookie_header, url):
    url, _ = strip_auth_from_url(url)
    all_cookies = session._cookie_jar.filter_cookies(url)
    if cookies is not None:
        tmp_cookie_jar = CookieJar()
        tmp_cookie_jar.update_cookies(cookies)
        req_cookies = tmp_cookie_jar.filter_cookies(url)
        if req_cookies:
            all_cookies.load(req_cookies)
    if not all_cookies and not cookie_header:
        return None
    c = SimpleCookie()
    if cookie_header:
        c.load(cookie_header)
    for name, value in all_cookies.items():
        if isinstance(value, Morsel):
            mrsl_val = value.get(value.key, Morsel())
            mrsl_val.set(value.key, value.value, value.coded_value)
            c[name] = mrsl_val
        else:
            c[name] = value
    return c.output(header="", sep=";").strip()
 def _build_url_with_params(url_str: str, params: Mapping[str, Union[str, int, float]]) -> URL:
    # This code is basically a copy&paste of aiohttp.
    # https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/blob/master/aiohttp/client_reqrep.py#L225
    url = URL(url_str)
    q = MultiDict(url.query)
    url2 = url.with_query(params)
    q.extend(url2.query)
    return url.with_query(q)
 def vcr_request(cassette, real_request):
    @functools.wraps(real_request)
    async def new_request(self, method, url, **kwargs):
        headers = kwargs.get("headers")
        auth = kwargs.get("auth")
        headers = self._prepare_headers(headers)
        data = kwargs.get("data", kwargs.get("json"))
        params = kwargs.get("params")
        cookies = kwargs.get("cookies")
        if auth is not None:
            headers["AUTHORIZATION"] = auth.encode()
        request_url = URL(url) if not params else _build_url_with_params(url, params)
        c_header = headers.pop(hdrs.COOKIE, None)
        cookie_header = _build_cookie_header(self, cookies, c_header, request_url)
        if cookie_header:
            headers[hdrs.COOKIE] = cookie_header
        vcr_request = Request(method, str(request_url), data, _serialize_headers(headers))
        if cassette.can_play_response_for(vcr_request):
            log.info("Playing response for {} from cassette".format(vcr_request))
            response = play_responses(cassette, vcr_request, kwargs)
            for redirect in response.history:
                self._cookie_jar.update_cookies(redirect.cookies, redirect.url)
            self._cookie_jar.update_cookies(response.cookies, response.url)
            return response
        if cassette.write_protected and cassette.filter_request(vcr_request):
            raise CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(cassette=cassette, failed_request=vcr_request)
        log.info("%s not in cassette, sending to real server", vcr_request)
        response = await real_request(self, method, url, **kwargs)  # NOQA: E999
        await record_responses(cassette, vcr_request, response)
        return response
    return new_request
--- a/vcr/stubs/boto3_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/boto3_stubs.py
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
 """Stubs for boto3"""
 from botocore.awsrequest import AWSHTTPConnection as HTTPConnection
 from botocore.awsrequest import AWSHTTPSConnection as VerifiedHTTPSConnection
 from ..stubs import VCRHTTPConnection, VCRHTTPSConnection
 class VCRRequestsHTTPConnection(VCRHTTPConnection, HTTPConnection):
    _baseclass = HTTPConnection
 class VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection(VCRHTTPSConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
    _baseclass = VerifiedHTTPSConnection
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs.pop("strict", None)
        # need to temporarily reset here because the real connection
        # inherits from the thing that we are mocking out.  Take out
        # the reset if you want to see what I mean :)
        from vcr.patch import force_reset
        with force_reset():
            self.real_connection = self._baseclass(*args, **kwargs)
            # Make sure to set those attributes as it seems `AWSHTTPConnection` does not
            # set them, making the connection to fail !
            self.real_connection.assert_hostname = kwargs.get("assert_hostname", False)
            self.real_connection.cert_reqs = kwargs.get("cert_reqs", "CERT_NONE")
        self._sock = None
--- a/vcr/stubs/boto_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/boto_stubs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-"""Stubs for boto"""
+'''Stubs for boto'''
 from boto.https_connection import CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
 from ..stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
--- a/vcr/stubs/compat.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/compat.py
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-import http.client
+import six
-from io import BytesIO
+from six import BytesIO
 from six.moves.http_client import HTTPMessage
 try:
    import http.client
 except ImportError:
    pass
 """
 The python3 http.client api moved some stuff around, so this is an abstraction
@@ -8,19 +14,30 @@ layer that tries to cope with this move.
 def get_header(message, name):
-    return message.getallmatchingheaders(name)
+    if six.PY3:
        return message.getallmatchingheaders(name)
    else:
        return message.getheader(name)
 def get_header_items(message):
-    for key, values in get_headers(message):
+    for (key, values) in get_headers(message):
        for value in values:
            yield key, value
 def get_headers(message):
    for key in set(message.keys()):
-        yield key, message.get_all(key)
+        if six.PY3:
            yield key, message.get_all(key)
        else:
            yield key, message.getheaders(key)
 def get_httpmessage(headers):
-    return http.client.parse_headers(BytesIO(headers))
+    if six.PY3:
        return http.client.parse_headers(BytesIO(headers))
    msg = HTTPMessage(BytesIO(headers))
    msg.fp.seek(0)
    msg.readheaders()
    return msg
--- a/vcr/stubs/httplib2_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/httplib2_stubs.py
@@ -1,60 +1,62 @@
-"""Stubs for httplib2"""
+'''Stubs for httplib2'''
 from httplib2 import HTTPConnectionWithTimeout, HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
 from ..stubs import VCRHTTPConnection, VCRHTTPSConnection
-class VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout(VCRHTTPConnection, HTTPConnectionWithTimeout):
+class VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout(VCRHTTPConnection,
                                   HTTPConnectionWithTimeout):
    _baseclass = HTTPConnectionWithTimeout
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """I overrode the init because I need to clean kwargs before calling
+        '''I overrode the init because I need to clean kwargs before calling
-        HTTPConnection.__init__."""
+        HTTPConnection.__init__.'''
        # Delete the keyword arguments that HTTPConnection would not recognize
-        safe_keys = {"host", "port", "strict", "timeout", "source_address"}
+        safe_keys = set(
            ('host', 'port', 'strict', 'timeout', 'source_address')
        )
        unknown_keys = set(kwargs.keys()) - safe_keys
        safe_kwargs = kwargs.copy()
        for kw in unknown_keys:
            del safe_kwargs[kw]
-        self.proxy_info = kwargs.pop("proxy_info", None)
+        self.proxy_info = kwargs.pop('proxy_info', None)
        VCRHTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **safe_kwargs)
        self.sock = self.real_connection.sock
-class VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout(VCRHTTPSConnection, HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout):
+class VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout(VCRHTTPSConnection,
                                    HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout):
    _baseclass = HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Delete the keyword arguments that HTTPSConnection would not recognize
-        safe_keys = {
+        safe_keys = set((
-            "host",
+            'host',
-            "port",
+            'port',
-            "key_file",
+            'key_file',
-            "cert_file",
+            'cert_file',
-            "strict",
+            'strict',
-            "timeout",
+            'timeout',
-            "source_address",
+            'source_address',
-            "ca_certs",
+        ))
            "disable_ssl_certificate_validation",
        }
        unknown_keys = set(kwargs.keys()) - safe_keys
        safe_kwargs = kwargs.copy()
        for kw in unknown_keys:
            del safe_kwargs[kw]
-        self.proxy_info = kwargs.pop("proxy_info", None)
+        self.proxy_info = kwargs.pop('proxy_info', None)
-        if "ca_certs" not in kwargs or kwargs["ca_certs"] is None:
+        if 'ca_certs' not in kwargs or kwargs['ca_certs'] is None:
            try:
                import httplib2
                self.ca_certs = httplib2.CA_CERTS
            except ImportError:
                self.ca_certs = None
        else:
-            self.ca_certs = kwargs["ca_certs"]
+            self.ca_certs = kwargs['ca_certs']
-        self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = kwargs.pop("disable_ssl_certificate_validation", None)
+        self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = kwargs.pop(
            'disable_ssl_certificate_validation', None)
        VCRHTTPSConnection.__init__(self, *args, **safe_kwargs)
        self.sock = self.real_connection.sock
--- a/vcr/stubs/httpx_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/httpx_stubs.py
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
 import functools
 import inspect
 import logging
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 import httpx
 from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
 from vcr.request import Request as VcrRequest
 _httpx_signature = inspect.signature(httpx.Client.request)
 try:
    HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM = _httpx_signature.parameters["follow_redirects"]
 except KeyError:
    HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM = _httpx_signature.parameters["allow_redirects"]
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 def _transform_headers(httpx_response):
    """
    Some headers can appear multiple times, like "Set-Cookie".
    Therefore transform to every header key to list of values.
    """
    out = {}
    for key, var in httpx_response.headers.raw:
        decoded_key = key.decode("utf-8")
        out.setdefault(decoded_key, [])
        out[decoded_key].append(var.decode("utf-8"))
    return out
 def _to_serialized_response(httpx_response):
    return {
        "status_code": httpx_response.status_code,
        "http_version": httpx_response.http_version,
        "headers": _transform_headers(httpx_response),
        "content": httpx_response.content.decode("utf-8", "ignore"),
    }
 def _from_serialized_headers(headers):
    """
    httpx accepts headers as list of tuples of header key and value.
    """
    header_list = []
    for key, values in headers.items():
        for v in values:
            header_list.append((key, v))
    return header_list
@patch("httpx.Response.close", MagicMock())
@patch("httpx.Response.read", MagicMock())
 def _from_serialized_response(request, serialized_response, history=None):
    content = serialized_response.get("content").encode()
    response = httpx.Response(
        status_code=serialized_response.get("status_code"),
        request=request,
        headers=_from_serialized_headers(serialized_response.get("headers")),
        content=content,
        history=history or [],
    )
    response._content = content
    return response
 def _make_vcr_request(httpx_request, **kwargs):
    body = httpx_request.read().decode("utf-8")
    uri = str(httpx_request.url)
    headers = dict(httpx_request.headers)
    return VcrRequest(httpx_request.method, uri, body, headers)
 def _shared_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs):
    real_request = args[1]
    vcr_request = _make_vcr_request(real_request, **kwargs)
    if cassette.can_play_response_for(vcr_request):
        return vcr_request, _play_responses(cassette, real_request, vcr_request, args[0], kwargs)
    if cassette.write_protected and cassette.filter_request(vcr_request):
        raise CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(cassette=cassette, failed_request=vcr_request)
    _logger.info("%s not in cassette, sending to real server", vcr_request)
    return vcr_request, None
 def _record_responses(cassette, vcr_request, real_response):
    for past_real_response in real_response.history:
        past_vcr_request = _make_vcr_request(past_real_response.request)
        cassette.append(past_vcr_request, _to_serialized_response(past_real_response))
    if real_response.history:
        # If there was a redirection keep we want the request which will hold the
        # final redirect value
        vcr_request = _make_vcr_request(real_response.request)
    cassette.append(vcr_request, _to_serialized_response(real_response))
    return real_response
 def _play_responses(cassette, request, vcr_request, client, kwargs):
    history = []
    allow_redirects = kwargs.get(
        HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name,
        HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.default,
    )
    vcr_response = cassette.play_response(vcr_request)
    response = _from_serialized_response(request, vcr_response)
    while allow_redirects and 300 <= response.status_code <= 399:
        next_url = response.headers.get("location")
        if not next_url:
            break
        vcr_request = VcrRequest("GET", next_url, None, dict(response.headers))
        vcr_request = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches(vcr_request)[0][0]
        history.append(response)
        # add cookies from response to session cookie store
        client.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
        vcr_response = cassette.play_response(vcr_request)
        response = _from_serialized_response(vcr_request, vcr_response, history)
    return response
 async def _async_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs):
    vcr_request, response = _shared_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs)
    if response:
        # add cookies from response to session cookie store
        args[0].cookies.extract_cookies(response)
        return response
    real_response = await real_send(*args, **kwargs)
    return _record_responses(cassette, vcr_request, real_response)
 def async_vcr_send(cassette, real_send):
    @functools.wraps(real_send)
    def _inner_send(*args, **kwargs):
        return _async_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs)
    return _inner_send
 def _sync_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs):
    vcr_request, response = _shared_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs)
    if response:
        # add cookies from response to session cookie store
        args[0].cookies.extract_cookies(response)
        return response
    real_response = real_send(*args, **kwargs)
    return _record_responses(cassette, vcr_request, real_response)
 def sync_vcr_send(cassette, real_send):
    @functools.wraps(real_send)
    def _inner_send(*args, **kwargs):
        return _sync_vcr_send(cassette, real_send, *args, **kwargs)
    return _inner_send
--- a/vcr/stubs/requests_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/requests_stubs.py
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
-"""Stubs for requests"""
+'''Stubs for requests'''
 from urllib3.connection import HTTPConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection
 from requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool import HTTPConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection
 from ..stubs import VCRHTTPConnection, VCRHTTPSConnection
 # urllib3 defines its own HTTPConnection classes, which requests goes ahead and assumes
 # you're using.  It includes some polyfills for newer features missing in older pythons.
 class VCRRequestsHTTPConnection(VCRHTTPConnection, HTTPConnection):
    _baseclass = HTTPConnection
 class VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection(VCRHTTPSConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
    _baseclass = VerifiedHTTPSConnection
--- a/vcr/stubs/tornado_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/tornado_stubs.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-"""Stubs for tornado HTTP clients"""
+'''Stubs for tornado HTTP clients'''
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 import functools
-from io import BytesIO
+from six import BytesIO
 from tornado import httputil
 from tornado.httpclient import HTTPResponse
@@ -10,19 +12,20 @@ from vcr.request import Request
 def vcr_fetch_impl(cassette, real_fetch_impl):
    @functools.wraps(real_fetch_impl)
    def new_fetch_impl(self, request, callback):
        headers = request.headers.copy()
        if request.user_agent:
-            headers.setdefault("User-Agent", request.user_agent)
+            headers.setdefault('User-Agent', request.user_agent)
        # TODO body_producer, header_callback, and streaming_callback are not
        # yet supported.
        unsupported_call = (
-            getattr(request, "body_producer", None) is not None
+            request.body_producer is not None or
-            or request.header_callback is not None
+            request.header_callback is not None or
-            or request.streaming_callback is not None
+            request.streaming_callback is not None
        )
        if unsupported_call:
            response = HTTPResponse(
@@ -37,13 +40,18 @@ def vcr_fetch_impl(cassette, real_fetch_impl):
            )
            return callback(response)
-        vcr_request = Request(request.method, request.url, request.body, headers)
+        vcr_request = Request(
            request.method,
            request.url,
            request.body,
            headers,
        )
        if cassette.can_play_response_for(vcr_request):
            vcr_response = cassette.play_response(vcr_request)
            headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders()
-            recorded_headers = vcr_response["headers"]
+            recorded_headers = vcr_response['headers']
            if isinstance(recorded_headers, dict):
                recorded_headers = recorded_headers.items()
            for k, vs in recorded_headers:
@@ -51,34 +59,45 @@ def vcr_fetch_impl(cassette, real_fetch_impl):
                    headers.add(k, v)
            response = HTTPResponse(
                request,
-                code=vcr_response["status"]["code"],
+                code=vcr_response['status']['code'],
-                reason=vcr_response["status"]["message"],
+                reason=vcr_response['status']['message'],
                headers=headers,
-                buffer=BytesIO(vcr_response["body"]["string"]),
+                buffer=BytesIO(vcr_response['body']['string']),
-                effective_url=vcr_response.get("url"),
+                effective_url=vcr_response.get('url'),
                request_time=self.io_loop.time() - request.start_time,
            )
            return callback(response)
        else:
-            if cassette.write_protected and cassette.filter_request(vcr_request):
+            if cassette.write_protected and cassette.filter_request(
                vcr_request
            ):
                response = HTTPResponse(
                    request,
                    599,
                    error=CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(
-                        cassette=cassette, failed_request=vcr_request
+                        "No match for the request (%r) was found. "
                        "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in "
                        "your current record mode (%r)."
                        % (vcr_request, cassette._path, cassette.record_mode)
                    ),
                    request_time=self.io_loop.time() - request.start_time,
                )
                return callback(response)
            def new_callback(response):
-                headers = [(k, response.headers.get_list(k)) for k in response.headers.keys()]
+                headers = [
                    (k, response.headers.get_list(k))
                    for k in response.headers.keys()
                ]
                vcr_response = {
-                    "status": {"code": response.code, "message": response.reason},
+                    'status': {
-                    "headers": headers,
+                        'code': response.code,
-                    "body": {"string": response.body},
+                        'message': response.reason,
-                    "url": response.effective_url,
+                    },
                    'headers': headers,
                    'body': {'string': response.body},
                    'url': response.effective_url,
                }
                cassette.append(vcr_request, vcr_response)
                return callback(response)
--- a/vcr/stubs/urllib3_stubs.py
+++ b/vcr/stubs/urllib3_stubs.py
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
-"""Stubs for urllib3"""
+'''Stubs for urllib3'''
 from urllib3.connection import HTTPConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection
 from urllib3.connectionpool import HTTPConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection
 from ..stubs import VCRHTTPConnection, VCRHTTPSConnection
 # urllib3 defines its own HTTPConnection classes. It includes some polyfills
 # for newer features missing in older pythons.
 class VCRRequestsHTTPConnection(VCRHTTPConnection, HTTPConnection):
    _baseclass = HTTPConnection
 class VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection(VCRHTTPSConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
    _baseclass = VerifiedHTTPSConnection
--- a/vcr/util.py
+++ b/vcr/util.py
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 import collections
 import types
 try:
    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 except ImportError:
    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
 # Shamelessly stolen from https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/blob/master/requests/structures.py
-class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
+class CaseInsensitiveDict(collections.MutableMapping):
    """
    A case-insensitive ``dict``-like object.
    Implements all methods and operations of
-    ``collections.abc.MutableMapping`` as well as dict's ``copy``. Also
+    ``collections.MutableMapping`` as well as dict's ``copy``. Also
    provides ``lower_items``.
    All keys are expected to be strings. The structure remembers the
    case of the last key to be set, and ``iter(instance)``,
@@ -29,7 +25,6 @@ class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
    operations are given keys that have equal ``.lower()``s, the
    behavior is undefined.
    """
    def __init__(self, data=None, **kwargs):
        self._store = dict()
        if data is None:
@@ -55,10 +50,14 @@ class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
    def lower_items(self):
        """Like iteritems(), but with all lowercase keys."""
-        return ((lowerkey, keyval[1]) for (lowerkey, keyval) in self._store.items())
+        return (
            (lowerkey, keyval[1])
            for (lowerkey, keyval)
            in self._store.items()
        )
    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other, Mapping):
+        if isinstance(other, collections.Mapping):
            other = CaseInsensitiveDict(other)
        else:
            return NotImplemented
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
    def __repr__(self):
        return str(dict(self.items()))
 def partition_dict(predicate, dictionary):
    true_dict = {}
    false_dict = {}
@@ -89,30 +87,36 @@ def compose(*functions):
            if function:
                res = function(res)
        return res
    return composed
 def read_body(request):
-    if hasattr(request.body, "read"):
+    if hasattr(request.body, 'read'):
        return request.body.read()
    return request.body
-def auto_decorate(decorator, predicate=lambda name, value: isinstance(value, types.FunctionType)):
+def auto_decorate(
    decorator,
    predicate=lambda name, value: isinstance(value, types.FunctionType)
 ):
    def maybe_decorate(attribute, value):
        if predicate(attribute, value):
            value = decorator(value)
        return value
    class DecorateAll(type):
        def __setattr__(cls, attribute, value):
-            return super().__setattr__(attribute, maybe_decorate(attribute, value))
+            return super(DecorateAll, cls).__setattr__(
                attribute, maybe_decorate(attribute, value)
            )
        def __new__(cls, name, bases, attributes_dict):
-            new_attributes_dict = {
+            new_attributes_dict = dict(
-                attribute: maybe_decorate(attribute, value) for attribute, value in attributes_dict.items()
+                (attribute, maybe_decorate(attribute, value))
-            }
+                for attribute, value in attributes_dict.items()
-            return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, new_attributes_dict)
+            )
-
+            return super(DecorateAll, cls).__new__(
                cls, name, bases, new_attributes_dict
            )
    return DecorateAll
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Ivan Malison	f821fed418	random whitespace	2016-01-11 15:54:13 -08:00
Ivan Malison	50246791e3	allow filtering by response	2016-01-11 15:53:04 -08:00
Ivan Malison	8a5bf23d34	better logging on cassettenotfound	2015-10-26 00:36:44 -07:00