Fixes some tornado tests

Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 5 to 6.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/compare/v5...v6)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-python
  dependency-version: '6'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
       - master
   pull_request:
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 16 * * 5'  # Every Friday 4pm
+    - cron: "0 16 * * 5" # Every Friday 4pm
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
@@ -16,41 +16,27 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"
           - "3.13"
-          - "pypy-3.9"
-          - "pypy-3.10"
-        urllib3-requirement:
-          - "urllib3>=2"
-          - "urllib3<2"
-
-        exclude:
-          - python-version: "3.9"
-            urllib3-requirement: "urllib3>=2"
-          - python-version: "pypy-3.9"
-            urllib3-requirement: "urllib3>=2"
-          - python-version: "pypy-3.10"
-            urllib3-requirement: "urllib3>=2"
+          - "pypy-3.11"
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
 
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          cache: pip
           allow-prereleases: true
 
       - name: Install project dependencies
         run: |
           uv pip install --system --upgrade pip setuptools
-          uv pip install --system codecov '.[tests]' '${{ matrix.urllib3-requirement }}'
+          uv pip install --system codecov '.[tests]'
           uv pip check
 
       - name: Allow creation of user namespaces (e.g. to the unshare command)

.github/workflows/pre-commit-detect-outdated.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Python 3.12
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
 

.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: 3.12
     - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.12.7
+    rev: v0.14.5
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: ["--output-format=full"]

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ For a full list of triaged issues, bugs and PRs and what release they are target
 
 All help in providing PRs to close out bug issues is appreciated. Even if that is providing a repo that fully replicates issues. We have very generous contributors that have added these to bug issues which meant another contributor picked up the bug and closed it out.
 
+- Unreleased
+    - Drop support for Python 3.9
+    - Drop support for urllib3 < 2
+
 -  7.0.0
     - Drop support for python 3.8 (major version bump) - thanks @jairhenrique
     - Various linting and test fixes - thanks @jairhenrique

pyproject.toml

@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 skip = '.git,*.pdf,*.svg,.tox'
 ignore-regex = "\\\\[fnrstv]"
 
-[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+[tool.pytest]
 addopts = ["--strict-config", "--strict-markers"]
-asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "function"
+asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "session"
+asyncio_default_test_loop_scope = "session"
 markers = ["online"]
 
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 110
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 select = [
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ select = [
     "RUF", # Ruff-specific rules
     "UP",  # pyupgrade
     "W",   # pycodestyle warning
+    "SIM",
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]

setup.py

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
-long_description = open("README.rst").read()
+long_description = Path("README.rst").read_text()
 here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
 
@@ -29,42 +30,26 @@ def find_version(*file_paths):
 install_requires = [
     "PyYAML",
     "wrapt",
-    "yarl",
-    # Support for urllib3 >=2 needs CPython >=3.10
-    # so we need to block urllib3 >=2 for Python <3.10 and PyPy for now.
-    # Note that vcrpy would work fine without any urllib3 around,
-    # so this block and the dependency can be dropped at some point
-    # in the future. For more Details:
-    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/699#issuecomment-1551439663
-    "urllib3 <2; python_version <'3.10'",
-    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/775#issuecomment-1847849962
-    "urllib3 <2; platform_python_implementation =='PyPy'",
-    # Workaround for Poetry with CPython >= 3.10, problem description at:
-    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/826
-    "urllib3; platform_python_implementation !='PyPy' and python_version >='3.10'",
 ]
 
 extras_require = {
     "tests": [
         "aiohttp",
         "boto3",
+        "cryptography",
+        "httpbin",
         "httplib2",
         "httpx",
+        "pycurl; platform_python_implementation !='PyPy'",
+        "pytest",
         "pytest-aiohttp",
         "pytest-asyncio",
         "pytest-cov",
         "pytest-httpbin",
-        "pytest",
         "requests>=2.22.0",
         "tornado",
         "urllib3",
-        # Needed to un-break httpbin 0.7.0. For httpbin >=0.7.1 and after,
-        # this pin and the dependency itself can be removed, provided
-        # that the related bug in httpbin has been fixed:
-        # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/645#issuecomment-1562489489
-        # https://github.com/postmanlabs/httpbin/issues/673
-        # https://github.com/postmanlabs/httpbin/pull/674
-        "Werkzeug==2.0.3",
+        "werkzeug==2.0.3",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +63,7 @@ setup(
     author_email="me@kevinmccarthy.org",
     url="https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy",
     packages=find_packages(exclude=["tests*"]),
-    python_requires=">=3.9",
+    python_requires=">=3.10",
     install_requires=install_requires,
     license="MIT",
     extras_require=extras_require,
@@ -89,7 +74,6 @@ setup(
         "Intended Audience :: Developers",
         "Programming Language :: Python",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",

tests/integration/test_aiohttp.py

@@ -193,9 +193,11 @@ def test_params_same_url_distinct_params(tmpdir, httpbin):
         assert cassette.play_count == 1
 
     other_params = {"other": "params"}
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
-        with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-            get(url, output="text", params=other_params)
+    with (
+        vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette,
+        pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException),
+    ):
+        get(url, output="text", params=other_params)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
@@ -264,12 +266,6 @@ def test_aiohttp_test_client_json(aiohttp_client, tmpdir):
     assert cassette.play_count == 1
 
 
-def test_cleanup_from_pytest_asyncio():
-    # work around https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-asyncio/issues/724
-    asyncio.get_event_loop().close()
-    asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
-
-
 @pytest.mark.online
 def test_redirect(tmpdir, httpbin):
     url = httpbin.url + "/redirect/2"

tests/integration/test_config.py

@@ -62,9 +62,8 @@ def test_override_match_on(tmpdir, httpbin):
 def test_missing_matcher():
     my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
     my_vcr.register_matcher("awesome", object)
-    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.yaml", match_on=["notawesome"]):
-            pass
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError), my_vcr.use_cassette("test.yaml", match_on=["notawesome"]):
+        pass
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
@@ -81,9 +80,8 @@ def test_dont_record_on_exception(tmpdir, httpbin):
     assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave.yml")))
 
     # Make sure context decorator has the same behavior
-    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
-        with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml"))):
-            assert b"Not in content" in urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError), my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml"))):
+        assert b"Not in content" in urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml")))
 

tests/integration/test_httpx.py

@@ -60,9 +60,8 @@ class DoSyncRequest(BaseDoRequest):
                 return b"".join(response.iter_bytes())
 
         # Use one-time context and dispose of the client afterwards
-        with self:
-            with self.client.stream(*args, **kwargs) as response:
-                return b"".join(response.iter_bytes())
+        with self, self.client.stream(*args, **kwargs) as response:
+            return b"".join(response.iter_bytes())
 
 
 class DoAsyncRequest(BaseDoRequest):
@@ -195,9 +194,11 @@ def test_params_same_url_distinct_params(tmpdir, httpbin, do_request):
         assert cassette.play_count == 1
 
     params = {"other": "params"}
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
-        with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-            do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
+    with (
+        vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette,
+        pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException),
+    ):
+        do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online

tests/integration/test_matchers.py

@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ def test_matchers(httpbin, httpbin_secure, cassette, matcher, matching_uri, not_
         assert cass.play_count == 1
 
     # play cassette with not matching on uri, it should fail
-    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=[matcher]) as cass:
-            urlopen(not_matching_uri)
+    with (
+        pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException),
+        vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=[matcher]) as cass,
+    ):
+        urlopen(not_matching_uri)
 
 
 def test_method_matcher(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
@@ -65,10 +67,12 @@ def test_method_matcher(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
         assert cass.play_count == 1
 
     # should fail if method does not match
-    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=["method"]) as cass:
-            # is a POST request
-            urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")
+    with (
+        pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException),
+        vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=["method"]) as cass,
+    ):
+        # is a POST request
+        urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -98,14 +102,12 @@ def test_default_matcher_matches(cassette, uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
 )
 def test_default_matcher_does_not_match(cassette, uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
     uri = _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
-    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
-            urlopen(uri)
+    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException), vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
+        urlopen(uri)
 
 
 def test_default_matcher_does_not_match_on_method(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
     default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
-    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
-            # is a POST request
-            urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")
+    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException), vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
+        # is a POST request
+        urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")

tests/integration/test_record_mode.py

@@ -124,9 +124,11 @@ def test_none_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
     # Cassette file doesn't exist, yet we are trying to make a request.
     # raise hell.
     testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE):
-        with pytest.raises(CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
-            urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+    with (
+        vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE),
+        pytest.raises(CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException),
+    ):
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
 
 
 def test_none_record_mode_with_existing_cassette(tmpdir, httpbin):

tests/integration/test_register_persister.py

@@ -83,6 +83,5 @@ def test_load_cassette_persister_exception_handling(tmpdir, httpbin):
     with my_vcr.use_cassette("bad/encoding") as cass:
         assert len(cass) == 0
 
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        with my_vcr.use_cassette("bad/buggy") as cass:
-            pass
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError), my_vcr.use_cassette("bad/buggy") as cass:
+        pass

tests/integration/test_stubs.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def test_original_decoded_response_is_not_modified(tmpdir, httpbin):
 
         # Assert that we do not modify the original response while appending
         # to the cassette.
-        assert "gzip" == inside.headers["content-encoding"]
+        assert inside.headers["content-encoding"] == "gzip"
 
         # They should effectively be the same response.
         inside_headers = (h for h in inside.headers.items() if h[0].lower() != "date")
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def test_original_response_is_not_modified_by_before_filter(tmpdir, httpbin):
         # Furthermore, the responses should be identical.
         inside_body = json.loads(inside.read())
         outside_body = json.loads(outside.read())
-        assert not inside_body[field_to_scrub] == replacement
+        assert inside_body[field_to_scrub] != replacement
         assert inside_body[field_to_scrub] == outside_body[field_to_scrub]
 
     # Ensure that when a cassette exists, the scrubbed response is returned.

tests/integration/test_tornado.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import asyncio
 import functools
 import inspect
 import json
+import os
+import ssl
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -36,23 +38,23 @@ def gen_test(func):
     return wrapper
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
-def scheme(request):
-    """Fixture that returns both http and https."""
-    return request.param
-
-
 @pytest.fixture(params=["simple", "curl", "default"])
 def get_client(request):
+    ca_bundle_path = os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE")
+    ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)
+    ssl_ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=ca_bundle_path)
+    ssl_ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+
     if request.param == "simple":
         from tornado import simple_httpclient as simple
 
-        return lambda: simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient()
-    elif request.param == "curl":
+        return lambda: simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient(defaults={"ssl_options": ssl_ctx})
+
+    if request.param == "curl":
         curl = pytest.importorskip("tornado.curl_httpclient")
-        return lambda: curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient()
-    else:
-        return lambda: http.AsyncHTTPClient()
+        return lambda: curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient(defaults={"ca_certs": ca_bundle_path})
+
+    return lambda: http.AsyncHTTPClient(defaults={"ssl_options": ssl_ctx})
 
 
 def get(client, url, **kwargs):
@@ -71,42 +73,42 @@ def post(client, url, data=None, **kwargs):
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_status_code(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
+def test_status_code(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_both):
     """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/"
+    url = httpbin_both.url
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
         status_code = (yield get(get_client(), url)).code
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))) as cass:
         assert status_code == (yield get(get_client(), url)).code
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_headers(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
+def test_headers(get_client, httpbin_both, tmpdir):
     """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/"
+    url = httpbin_both.url
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
         headers = (yield get(get_client(), url)).headers
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))) as cass:
         assert headers == (yield get(get_client(), url)).headers
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_body(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+def test_body(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_both):
     """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
 
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/bytes/1024"
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
         content = (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))) as cass:
         assert content == (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @gen_test
@@ -119,15 +121,15 @@ def test_effective_url(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))) as cass:
         assert effective_url == (yield get(get_client(), url)).effective_url
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_auth(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+def test_auth(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_both):
     """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
     auth = ("user", "passwd")
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
         one = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
 
@@ -135,15 +137,15 @@ def test_auth(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
         two = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
         assert one.body == two.body
         assert one.code == two.code
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_auth_failed(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+def test_auth_failed(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_both):
     """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
     auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
         # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
         assert_cassette_empty(cass)
@@ -159,15 +161,15 @@ def test_auth_failed(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
         assert exc_info.value.code == 401
         assert one.body == two.body
         assert one.code == two.code == 401
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_post(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+def test_post(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_both):
     """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
     data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/post"
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
         req1 = (yield post(get_client(), url, data)).body
 
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ def test_post(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
         req2 = (yield post(get_client(), url, data)).body
 
     assert req1 == req2
-    assert 1 == cass.play_count
+    assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @gen_test
@@ -192,32 +194,36 @@ def test_redirects(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_cross_scheme(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+def test_cross_scheme(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
     """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
     # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
     # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
     # requests / response pairs in the cassette
+
+    url = httpbin.url
+    url_secure = httpbin_secure.url
+
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org/")
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), url)
+        yield get(get_client(), url_secure)
         assert cass.play_count == 0
         assert len(cass) == 2
 
     # Then repeat the same requests and ensure both were replayed.
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org/")
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), url)
+        yield get(get_client(), url_secure)
         assert cass.play_count == 2
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_gzip(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+def test_gzip(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_both):
     """
     Ensure that httpclient is able to automatically decompress the response
     body
     """
-    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/gzip"
+    url = httpbin_both + "/gzip"
 
     # use_gzip was renamed to decompress_response in 4.0
     kwargs = {}
@@ -233,24 +239,26 @@ def test_gzip(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))) as cass:
         response = yield get(get_client(), url, **kwargs)
         assert_is_json_bytes(response.body)
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
+def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin_secure):
     cass_path = str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))
 
+    url = httpbin_secure.url
+
     with vcr.use_cassette(cass_path):
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org", validate_cert=False)
+        yield get(get_client(), url, validate_cert=False)
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(cass_path) as cass:
-        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org", validate_cert=False)
-        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+        yield get(get_client(), url, validate_cert=False)
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @gen_test
-def test_unsupported_features_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
+def test_unsupported_features_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
     """Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
     supported is raised inside the future."""
 
@@ -258,7 +266,7 @@ def test_unsupported_features_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
         raise AssertionError("Did not expect to be called.")
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("invalid.yaml"))):
-        future = get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org", streaming_callback=callback)
+        future = get(get_client(), httpbin.url, streaming_callback=callback)
 
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
         yield future
@@ -292,15 +300,17 @@ def test_unsupported_features_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
+def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
     """Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is raised inside
     the future."""
 
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/get")
+    url = httpbin.url
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
-        future = get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/headers")
+        yield get(get_client(), url + "/get")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+        future = get(get_client(), url + "/headers")
 
     with pytest.raises(CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
         yield future
@@ -312,15 +322,17 @@ def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
     reason="raise_error only ignores HTTPErrors due to response code",
 )
 @gen_test
-def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
+def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
     """Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is not raised if
     raise_error=False in the fetch() call."""
 
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
-        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/get", raise_error=False)
+    url = httpbin.url
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
-        response = yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/headers", raise_error=False)
+        yield get(get_client(), url + "/get", raise_error=False)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+        response = yield get(get_client(), url + "/headers", raise_error=False)
 
     assert isinstance(response.error, CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException)
 
@@ -348,46 +360,51 @@ def test_tornado_exception_can_be_caught(get_client):
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_existing_references_get_patched(tmpdir):
+def test_existing_references_get_patched(tmpdir, httpbin):
     from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient
 
+    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
+
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
         client = AsyncHTTPClient()
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, url)
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, url)
         assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_existing_instances_get_patched(get_client, tmpdir):
+def test_existing_instances_get_patched(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
     """Ensure that existing instances of AsyncHTTPClient get patched upon
     entering VCR context."""
 
+    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
     client = get_client()
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, url)
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
-        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        yield get(client, url)
         assert cass.play_count == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online
 @gen_test
-def test_request_time_is_set(get_client, tmpdir):
+def test_request_time_is_set(get_client, tmpdir, httpbin):
     """Ensures that the request_time on HTTPResponses is set."""
 
+    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
+
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
         client = get_client()
-        response = yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        response = yield get(client, url)
         assert response.request_time is not None
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
         client = get_client()
-        response = yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        response = yield get(client, url)
         assert response.request_time is not None
         assert cass.play_count == 1

tests/integration/test_urllib2.py

@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-"""Integration tests with urllib2"""
-
-import ssl
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-from urllib.request import urlopen
-
-import pytest_httpbin.certs
-from pytest import mark
-
-# Internal imports
-import vcr
-
-from ..assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
-
-
-def urlopen_with_cafile(*args, **kwargs):
-    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=pytest_httpbin.certs.where())
-    context.check_hostname = False
-    kwargs["context"] = context
-    try:
-        return urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
-    except TypeError:
-        # python2/pypi don't let us override this
-        del kwargs["cafile"]
-        return urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-def test_response_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch"""
-    url = httpbin_both.url
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
-        code = urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
-        assert code == urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
-
-
-def test_random_body(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache"""
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
-        body = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
-        assert body == urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
-
-
-def test_response_headers(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure we can get information from the response"""
-    url = httpbin_both.url
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
-        open1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).info().items()
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
-        open2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).info().items()
-
-        assert sorted(open1) == sorted(open2)
-
-
-@mark.online
-def test_effective_url(tmpdir, httpbin):
-    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
-    url = httpbin.url + "/redirect-to?url=.%2F&status_code=301"
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
-        effective_url = urlopen_with_cafile(url).geturl()
-        assert effective_url == httpbin.url + "/"
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
-        assert effective_url == urlopen_with_cafile(url).geturl()
-
-
-def test_multiple_requests(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that we can cache multiple requests"""
-    urls = [httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url + "/get", httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"]
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("multiple.yaml"))) as cass:
-        [urlopen_with_cafile(url) for url in urls]
-    assert len(cass) == len(urls)
-
-
-def test_get_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works with query data"""
-    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/get?" + data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
-        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
-        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
-    assert res1 == res2
-
-
-def test_post_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works when posting data"""
-    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"}).encode("utf-8")
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
-        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
-        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
-        assert len(cass) == 1
-
-    assert res1 == res2
-    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-
-
-def test_post_unicode_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Ensure that it works when posting unicode data"""
-    data = urlencode({"snowman": "☃".encode()}).encode("utf-8")
-    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
-        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
-
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
-        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
-        assert len(cass) == 1
-
-    assert res1 == res2
-    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-
-
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, httpbin):
-    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
-    # First fetch a url under https, and then again under https and then
-    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
-    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
-        urlopen_with_cafile(httpbin_secure.url)
-        urlopen_with_cafile(httpbin.url)
-        assert len(cass) == 2
-        assert cass.play_count == 0
-
-
-def test_decorator(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
-    """Test the decorator version of VCR.py"""
-    url = httpbin_both.url
-
-    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
-    def inner1():
-        return urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
-
-    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
-    def inner2():
-        return urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
-
-    assert inner1() == inner2()

tests/integration/test_wild.py

@@ -62,13 +62,12 @@ def test_flickr_should_respond_with_200(tmpdir):
 
 def test_cookies(tmpdir, httpbin):
     testfile = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yml"))
-    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
-        with requests.Session() as s:
-            s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies/set?k1=v1&k2=v2")
-            assert s.cookies.keys() == ["k1", "k2"]
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile), requests.Session() as s:
+        s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies/set?k1=v1&k2=v2")
+        assert s.cookies.keys() == ["k1", "k2"]
 
-            r2 = s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies")
-            assert sorted(r2.json()["cookies"].keys()) == ["k1", "k2"]
+        r2 = s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies")
+        assert sorted(r2.json()["cookies"].keys()) == ["k1", "k2"]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.online

tests/unit/test_cassettes.py

@@ -227,9 +227,11 @@ def test_nesting_cassette_context_managers(*args):
         assert_get_response_body_is("first_response")
 
         # Make sure a second cassette can supersede the first
-        with Cassette.use(path="test") as second_cassette:
-            with mock.patch.object(second_cassette, "play_response", return_value=second_response):
-                assert_get_response_body_is("second_response")
+        with (
+            Cassette.use(path="test") as second_cassette,
+            mock.patch.object(second_cassette, "play_response", return_value=second_response),
+        ):
+            assert_get_response_body_is("second_response")
 
         # Now the first cassette should be back in effect
         assert_get_response_body_is("first_response")

tests/unit/test_serialize.py

@@ -8,15 +8,13 @@ from vcr.serializers import compat, jsonserializer, yamlserializer
 
 
 def test_deserialize_old_yaml_cassette():
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml") as f:
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml") as f, pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
 
 
 def test_deserialize_old_json_cassette():
-    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json") as f:
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            deserialize(f.read(), jsonserializer)
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json") as f, pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        deserialize(f.read(), jsonserializer)
 
 
 def test_deserialize_new_yaml_cassette():
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ def test_deserialize_py2py3_yaml_cassette(tmpdir, req_body, expect):
     cfile = tmpdir.join("test_cassette.yaml")
     cfile.write(REQBODY_TEMPLATE.format(req_body=req_body))
     with open(str(cfile)) as f:
-        (requests, responses) = deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
+        (requests, _) = deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
     assert requests[0].body == expect
 
 

tests/unit/test_unittest.py

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def test_testcase_playback(tmpdir):
             return str(cassette_dir)
 
     test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
-    assert b"illustrative examples" in test.response
+    assert b"Example Domain" in test.response
     assert len(test.cassette.requests) == 1
     assert test.cassette.play_count == 0
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def test_testcase_playback(tmpdir):
 
     test2 = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
     assert test.cassette is not test2.cassette
-    assert b"illustrative examples" in test.response
+    assert b"Example Domain" in test.response
     assert len(test2.cassette.requests) == 1
     assert test2.cassette.play_count == 1
 

vcr/cassette.py

@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class Cassette:
     def _load(self):
         try:
             requests, responses = self._persister.load_cassette(self._path, serializer=self._serializer)
-            for request, response in zip(requests, responses):
+            for request, response in zip(requests, responses, strict=False):
                 self.append(request, response)
                 self._old_interactions.append((request, response))
             self.dirty = False

vcr/matchers.py

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def _get_transformers(request):
 
 
 def requests_match(r1, r2, matchers):
-    successes, failures = get_matchers_results(r1, r2, matchers)
+    _, failures = get_matchers_results(r1, r2, matchers)
     if failures:
         log.debug(f"Requests {r1} and {r2} differ.\nFailure details:\n{failures}")
     return len(failures) == 0

vcr/request.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 import warnings
+from contextlib import suppress
 from io import BytesIO
 from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urlparse
 
@@ -80,10 +81,9 @@ class Request:
     def port(self):
         port = self.parsed_uri.port
         if port is None:
-            try:
+            with suppress(KeyError):
                 port = {"https": 443, "http": 80}[self.parsed_uri.scheme]
-            except KeyError:
-                pass
+
         return port
 
     @property

vcr/serialize.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def serialize(cassette_dict, serializer):
             "request": compat.convert_to_unicode(request._to_dict()),
             "response": compat.convert_to_unicode(response),
         }
-        for request, response in zip(cassette_dict["requests"], cassette_dict["responses"])
+        for request, response in zip(cassette_dict["requests"], cassette_dict["responses"], strict=False)
     ]
     data = {"version": CASSETTE_FORMAT_VERSION, "interactions": interactions}
     return serializer.serialize(data)

vcr/stubs/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Stubs for patching HTTP and HTTPS requests"""
 
 import logging
+from contextlib import suppress
 from http.client import HTTPConnection, HTTPResponse, HTTPSConnection
 from io import BytesIO
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class VCRHTTPResponse(HTTPResponse):
         # libraries trying to process a chunked response.  By removing the
         # transfer-encoding: chunked header, this should cause the downstream
         # libraries to process this as a non-chunked response.
-        te_key = [h for h in headers.keys() if h.upper() == "TRANSFER-ENCODING"]
+        te_key = [h for h in headers if h.upper() == "TRANSFER-ENCODING"]
         if te_key:
             del headers[te_key[0]]
         self.headers = self.msg = parse_headers(headers)
@@ -370,12 +371,8 @@ class VCRConnection:
         TODO: Separately setting the attribute on the two instances is not
         ideal. We should switch to a proxying implementation.
         """
-        try:
+        with suppress(AttributeError):
             setattr(self.real_connection, name, value)
-        except AttributeError:
-            # raised if real_connection has not been set yet, such as when
-            # we're setting the real_connection itself for the first time
-            pass
 
         super().__setattr__(name, value)
 

vcr/stubs/aiohttp_stubs.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import json
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from http.cookies import CookieError, Morsel, SimpleCookie
-from typing import Union
 
 from aiohttp import ClientConnectionError, ClientResponse, CookieJar, RequestInfo, hdrs, streams
 from aiohttp.helpers import strip_auth_from_url
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ def _build_cookie_header(session, cookies, cookie_header, url):
     return c.output(header="", sep=";").strip()
 
 
-def _build_url_with_params(url_str: str, params: Mapping[str, Union[str, int, float]]) -> URL:
+def _build_url_with_params(url_str: str, params: Mapping[str, str | int | float]) -> URL:
     # This code is basically a copy&paste of aiohttp.
     # https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/blob/master/aiohttp/client_reqrep.py#L225
     url = URL(url_str)

vcr/stubs/tornado_stubs.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def vcr_fetch_impl(cassette, real_fetch_impl):
                 return callback(response)
 
             def new_callback(response):
-                headers = [(k, response.headers.get_list(k)) for k in response.headers.keys()]
+                headers = [(k, response.headers.get_list(k)) for k in response.headers]
 
                 vcr_response = {
                     "status": {"code": response.code, "message": response.reason},