bump version to v5.0.0

Drop support for Python 3.7 (after 2023-06-27)

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+coverage:
+  status:
+    project:
+      default:
+        target: 75
+        # Allow 0% coverage regression
+        threshold: 0

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: 2
+
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: pip
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly

.github/workflows/codespell.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+name: Codespell
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  codespell:
+    name: Check for spelling errors
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Codespell
+        uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@v2

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: Test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "pypy-3.8"]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3.5.2
+
+      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+      - name: Install project dependencies
+        run: |
+          pip3 install --upgrade pip
+          pip3 install codecov tox tox-gh-actions
+
+      - name: Run online tests with tox
+        run: tox -- -m online
+
+      - name: Run offline tests with tox with no access to the Internet
+        run: |
+          # We're using unshare to take Internet access
+          # away from tox so that we'll notice whenever some new test
+          # is missing @pytest.mark.online decoration in the future
+          unshare --map-root-user --net -- \
+              sh -c 'ip link set lo up; tox -- -m "not online"'
+
+      - name: Run coverage
+        run: codecov

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 *.pyc
 .tox
+.cache
+.pytest_cache/
 build/
 dist/
 *.egg/
 .coverage
+coverage.xml
+htmlcov/
 *.egg-info/
 pytestdebug.log
+pip-wheel-metadata/
+.python-version
+
+fixtures/
+/docs/_build

.travis.yml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-before_install: openssl version
-env:
-  - WITH_REQUESTS="True"
-  - WITH_REQUESTS="False"
-python:
-  - 2.6
-  - 2.7
-  - pypy
-install: 
-  - pip install PyYAML pytest --use-mirrors
-  - if [ $WITH_REQUESTS = "True" ] ; then pip install requests; fi
-script:  python setup.py test

LICENSE.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Kevin McCarthy
+Copyright (c) 2012-2015 Kevin McCarthy
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+include README.rst
+include LICENSE.txt
+include tox.ini
+recursive-include tests *
+recursive-exclude * __pycache__
+recursive-exclude * *.py[co]

README.md

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-#VCR.py
-
-![vcr.py](https://raw.github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/master/vcr.png)
-
-This is a Python version of [Ruby's VCR library](https://github.com/myronmarston/vcr).
-
-[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy.png?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy)
-
-##What it does
-Simplify and speed up testing HTTP by recording all HTTP interactions and saving them to
-"cassette" files, which are yaml files containing the contents of your
-requests and responses.  Then when you run your tests again, they all 
-just hit the text files instead of the internet.  This speeds up
-your tests and lets you work offline.
-
-If the server you are testing against ever changes its API, all you need
-to do is delete your existing cassette files, and run your tests again.
-All of the mocked responses will be updated with the new API.
-
-##Compatibility Notes
-This should work with Python 2.6 and 2.7, and [pypy](http://pypy.org).
-
-Currently I've only tested this with urllib2, urllib3, and requests.  It's known to *NOT WORK* with urllib.
-
-##How to use it
-```python
-import vcr
-import urllib2
-
-with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
-    response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
-    assert 'Example domains' in response
-```
-
-Run this test once, and VCR.py will record the http request to
-`fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yml`. Run it again, and VCR.py will replay the
-response from iana.org when the http request is made. This test is now fast (no
-real HTTP requests are made anymore), deterministic (the test will continue to
-pass, even if you are offline, or iana.org goes down for maintenance) and
-accurate (the response will contain the same headers and body you get from a
-real request).
-
-## Configuration
-
-If you don't like VCR's defaults, you can set options by instantiating a
-VCR class and setting the options on it.
-
-```python
-
-import vcr
-
-my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
-    serializer = 'json',
-    cassette_library_dir = 'fixtures/cassettes',
-)
-
-with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json'):
-    # your http code here
-```
-
-Otherwise, you can override options each time you use a cassette.  
-
-```python
-with vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', serializer='json'):
-    # your http code here
-```
-
-Note: Per-cassette overrides take precedence over the global config.
-
-## Advanced Features
-
-If you want, VCR.py can return information about the cassette it is
-using to record your requests and responses.  This will let you record
-your requests and responses and make assertions on them, to make sure
-that your code under test is generating the expected requests and
-responses.  This feature is not present in Ruby's VCR, but I think it is
-a nice addition.  Here's an example:
-
-```python
-import vcr
-import urllib2
-
-with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
-    response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
-    # cass should have 1 request inside it
-    assert len(cass) == 1 
-    # the request url should have been http://www.zombo.com/
-    assert cass.requests[0].url == 'http://www.zombo.com/'
-```
-
-The Cassette object exposes the following properties which I consider
-part of the API.  The fields are as follows:
-
-* `requests`: A list of vcr.Request objects containing the requests made
-  while this cassette was being used, ordered by the order that the
-  request was made.
-* `responses`: A list of the responses made.
-* `play_count`: The number of times this cassette has had a response
-  played back
-* `play_counts`: A collections.Counter showing the number of times each
-  response has been played back, indexed by the request
-* `response_of(request)`: Access the response for a given request.
-
-The Request object has the following properties
-
-  * `URL`: The full url of the request, including the protocol.  Example: "http://www.google.com/"
-  * `path`: The path of the request.  For example "/" or "/home.html"
-  * `host`: The host of the request, for example "www.google.com"
-  * `port`: The port the request was made on
-  * `method` : The method used to make the request, for example "GET" or "POST"
-  * `protocol`: The protocol used to make the request (http or https)
-  * `body`: The body of the request, usually empty except for POST / PUT / etc
-
-## Register your own serializer
-
-Don't like JSON or YAML?  That's OK, VCR.py can serialize to any format
-you would like.  Create your own module or class instance with 2 methods:
-
- * `def deserialize(cassette_string)`
- * `def serialize(cassette_dict)`
-
-Finally, register your class with VCR to use your
-new serializer.
-
-```
-import vcr
-
-BogoSerializer(object):
-    """
-    Must implement serialize() and deserialize() methods
-    """
-    pass
-
-my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
-my_vcr.register_serializer('bogo', BogoSerializer())
-
-with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo', serializer='bogo'):
-    # your http here
-
-# After you register, you can set the default serializer to your new serializer
-
-my_vcr.serializer = 'bogo'
-
-with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo'):
-    # your http here
-
-```
-
-##Installation
-
-VCR.py is a package on PyPI, so you can `pip install vcrpy` (first you may need to `brew install libyaml` [[Homebrew](http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/)])
-
-##Ruby VCR compatibility
-I'm not trying to match the format of the Ruby VCR YAML files.  Cassettes generated by
-Ruby's VCR are not compatible with VCR.py.
-
-##Known Issues
-This library is a work in progress, so the API might change on you.
-There are probably some [bugs](https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues?labels=bug&page=1&state=open) floating around too.
-
-##Changelog
-* 0.2.1: Fixed missing modules in setup.py
-* 0.2.0: Added configuration API, which lets you configure some settings
-  on VCR (see the README). Also, VCR no longer saves cassettes if they
-  haven't changed at all and supports JSON as well as YAML 
-  (thanks @sirpengi).  Added amazing new skeumorphic logo, thanks @hairarrow.
-* 0.1.0: *backwards incompatible release - delete your old cassette files*:  
-  This release adds the ability to access the cassette to make assertions 
-  on it, as well as a major code refactor thanks to @dlecocq.  It also
-  fixes a couple longstanding bugs with redirects and HTTPS. [#3 and #4]
-* 0.0.4: If you have libyaml installed, vcrpy will use the c bindings
-  instead.  Speed up your tests!  Thanks @dlecocq
-* 0.0.3: Add support for requests 1.2.3.  Support for older versions of requests dropped (thanks @vitormazzi and @bryanhelmig)
-* 0.0.2: Add support for requests / urllib3
-* 0.0.1: Initial Release
-
-##Similar libraries in Python
-Neither of these really implement the API I want, but I have cribbed some code
-from them.
- * https://github.com/bbangert/Dalton
- * https://github.com/storborg/replaylib
-
-These were created after I created VCR.py but do something similar:
-
- * https://github.com/gabrielfalcao/HTTPretty
- * https://github.com/kanzure/python-requestions
- * https://github.com/uber/cassette
-
-#License
-This library uses the MIT license.  See [LICENSE.txt](LICENSE.txt) for more details

README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+###########
+VCR.py 📼
+###########
+
+
+|PyPI| |Python versions| |Build Status| |CodeCov| |Gitter| |CodeStyleBlack|
+
+----
+
+.. image:: https://vcrpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/vcr.svg
+   :alt: vcr.py logo
+
+
+This is a Python version of `Ruby's VCR
+library <https://github.com/vcr/vcr>`__.
+
+Source code
+  https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy
+
+Documentation
+  https://vcrpy.readthedocs.io/
+
+Rationale
+---------
+
+VCR.py simplifies and speeds up tests that make HTTP requests. The
+first time you run code that is inside a VCR.py context manager or
+decorated function, VCR.py records all HTTP interactions that take
+place through the libraries it supports and serializes and writes them
+to a flat file (in yaml format by default). This flat file is called a
+cassette. When the relevant piece of code is executed again, VCR.py
+will read the serialized requests and responses from the
+aforementioned cassette file, and intercept any HTTP requests that it
+recognizes from the original test run and return the responses that
+corresponded to those requests. This means that the requests will not
+actually result in HTTP traffic, which confers several benefits
+including:
+
+-  The ability to work offline
+-  Completely deterministic tests
+-  Increased test execution speed
+
+If the server you are testing against ever changes its API, all you need
+to do is delete your existing cassette files, and run your tests again.
+VCR.py will detect the absence of a cassette file and once again record
+all HTTP interactions, which will update them to correspond to the new
+API.
+
+Usage with Pytest
+-----------------
+
+There is a library to provide some pytest fixtures called pytest-recording https://github.com/kiwicom/pytest-recording
+
+License
+-------
+
+This library uses the MIT license. See `LICENSE.txt <LICENSE.txt>`__ for
+more details
+
+.. |PyPI| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/vcrpy.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/vcrpy
+.. |Python versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/vcrpy.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/vcrpy
+.. |Build Status| image:: https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/actions/workflows/main.yml/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/actions
+.. |Gitter| image:: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
+   :alt: Join the chat at https://gitter.im/kevin1024/vcrpy
+   :target: https://gitter.im/kevin1024/vcrpy?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
+.. |CodeCov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/kevin1024/vcrpy/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/kevin1024/vcrpy
+   :alt: Code Coverage Status
+.. |CodeStyleBlack| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg 
+   :target: https://github.com/psf/black
+   :alt: Code Style: black

docs/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+PAPER         =
+BUILDDIR      = _build
+
+# User-friendly check for sphinx-build
+ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1)
+$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/)
+endif
+
+# Internal variables.
+PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
+PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
+ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
+I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+
+.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest coverage gettext
+
+help:
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
+	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
+	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
+	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
+	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
+	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
+	@echo "  applehelp  to make an Apple Help Book"
+	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
+	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
+	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
+	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
+	@echo "  latexpdfja to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx"
+	@echo "  text       to make text files"
+	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
+	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
+	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
+	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
+	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
+	@echo "  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files"
+	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
+	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
+	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation (if enabled)"
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
+
+html:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
+
+dirhtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
+
+singlehtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
+
+pickle:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
+
+json:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
+
+htmlhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
+	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
+
+qthelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
+	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
+	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/vcrpy.qhcp"
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/vcrpy.qhc"
+
+applehelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b applehelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The help book is in $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp."
+	@echo "N.B. You won't be able to view it unless you put it in" \
+	      "~/Library/Documentation/Help or install it in your application" \
+	      "bundle."
+
+devhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished."
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/vcrpy"
+	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/vcrpy"
+	@echo "# devhelp"
+
+epub:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
+
+latex:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
+	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
+
+latexpdf:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+latexpdfja:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+text:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
+
+man:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
+
+texinfo:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
+	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
+
+info:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
+	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
+	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+
+gettext:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
+
+changes:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
+	@echo
+	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
+
+linkcheck:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
+	@echo
+	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
+
+doctest:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
+	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
+
+coverage:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b coverage $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/coverage
+	@echo "Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/coverage/python.txt."
+
+xml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml."
+
+pseudoxml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."

docs/_static/vcr.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<svg width="634" height="346" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+  <path d="M0 10C0 4.477 4.477 0 10 0h614c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10v326c0 5.523-4.477 10-10 10H10c-5.523 0-10-4.477-10-10V10z" fill="#181B19"/>
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docs/advanced.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+Advanced Features
+=================
+
+If you want, VCR.py can return information about the cassette it is
+using to record your requests and responses. This will let you record
+your requests and responses and make assertions on them, to make sure
+that your code under test is generating the expected requests and
+responses. This feature is not present in Ruby's VCR, but I think it is
+a nice addition. Here's an example:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import vcr
+    import urllib2
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
+        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
+        # cass should have 1 request inside it
+        assert len(cass) == 1 
+        # the request uri should have been http://www.zombo.com/
+        assert cass.requests[0].uri == 'http://www.zombo.com/'
+
+The ``Cassette`` object exposes the following properties which I
+consider part of the API. The fields are as follows:
+
+-  ``requests``: A list of vcr.Request objects corresponding to the http
+   requests that were made during the recording of the cassette. The
+   requests appear in the order that they were originally processed.
+-  ``responses``: A list of the responses made.
+-  ``play_count``: The number of times this cassette has played back a
+   response.
+-  ``all_played``: A boolean indicating whether all the responses have
+   been played back.
+-  ``responses_of(request)``: Access the responses that match a given
+   request
+-  ``allow_playback_repeats``: A boolean indicating whether responses
+   can be played back more than once.
+
+The ``Request`` object has the following properties:
+
+-  ``uri``: The full uri of the request. Example:
+   "https://google.com/?q=vcrpy"
+-  ``scheme``: The scheme used to make the request (http or https)
+-  ``host``: The host of the request, for example "www.google.com"
+-  ``port``: The port the request was made on
+-  ``path``: The path of the request. For example "/" or "/home.html"
+-  ``query``: The parsed query string of the request. Sorted list of
+   name, value pairs.
+-  ``method`` : The method used to make the request, for example "GET"
+   or "POST"
+-  ``body``: The body of the request, usually empty except for POST /
+   PUT / etc
+
+Backwards compatible properties:
+
+-  ``url``: The ``uri`` alias
+-  ``protocol``: The ``scheme`` alias
+
+Register your own serializer
+----------------------------
+
+Don't like JSON or YAML? That's OK, VCR.py can serialize to any format
+you would like. Create your own module or class instance with 2 methods:
+
+-  ``def deserialize(cassette_string)``
+-  ``def serialize(cassette_dict)``
+
+Finally, register your class with VCR to use your new serializer.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import vcr
+
+    class BogoSerializer:
+        """
+        Must implement serialize() and deserialize() methods
+        """
+        pass
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_serializer('bogo', BogoSerializer())
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo', serializer='bogo'):
+        # your http here
+
+    # After you register, you can set the default serializer to your new serializer
+
+    my_vcr.serializer = 'bogo'
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.bogo'):
+        # your http here
+
+Register your own request matcher
+---------------------------------
+
+Create your own method with the following signature
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    def my_matcher(r1, r2):
+
+Your method receives the two requests and can either:
+
+- Use an ``assert`` statement: return None if they match and raise ``AssertionError`` if not.
+- Return a boolean: ``True`` if they match, ``False`` if not.
+
+Note: in order to have good feedback when a matcher fails, we recommend using an ``assert`` statement with a clear error message.
+
+Finally, register your method with VCR to use your new request matcher.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import vcr
+
+    def jurassic_matcher(r1, r2):
+        assert r1.uri == r2.uri and 'JURASSIC PARK' in r1.body, \
+            'required string (JURASSIC PARK) not found in request body'
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_matcher('jurassic', jurassic_matcher)
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', match_on=['jurassic']):
+        # your http here
+
+    # After you register, you can set the default match_on to use your new matcher
+
+    my_vcr.match_on = ['jurassic']
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
+        # your http here
+
+Register your own cassette persister
+------------------------------------
+
+Create your own persistence class, see the example below:
+
+Your custom persister must implement both ``load_cassette`` and ``save_cassette``
+methods.  The ``load_cassette`` method must return a deserialized cassette or raise
+either ``CassetteNotFoundError`` if no cassette is found, or ``CassetteDecodeError``
+if the cassette cannot be successfully deserialized.
+
+Once the persister class is defined, register with VCR like so...
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import vcr
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+
+    class CustomerPersister:
+        # implement Persister methods...
+
+    my_vcr.register_persister(CustomPersister)
+
+Filter sensitive data from the request
+--------------------------------------
+
+If you are checking your cassettes into source control, and are using
+some form of authentication in your tests, you can filter out that
+information so it won't appear in your cassette files. There are a few
+ways to do this:
+
+Filter information from HTTP Headers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use the ``filter_headers`` configuration option with a list of headers
+to filter.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_headers=['authorization']):
+        # sensitive HTTP request goes here
+
+Filter information from HTTP querystring
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use the ``filter_query_parameters`` configuration option with a list of
+query parameters to filter.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_query_parameters=['api_key']):
+        requests.get('http://api.com/getdata?api_key=secretstring')
+
+Filter information from HTTP post data
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use the ``filter_post_data_parameters`` configuration option with a list
+of post data parameters to filter.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', filter_post_data_parameters=['client_secret']):
+        requests.post('http://api.com/postdata', data={'api_key': 'secretstring'})
+
+Advanced use of filter_headers, filter_query_parameters and filter_post_data_parameters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In all of the above cases, it's also possible to pass a list of ``(key, value)``
+tuples where the value can be any of the following:
+
+* A new value to replace the original value.
+* ``None`` to remove the key/value pair. (Same as passing a simple key string.)
+* A callable that returns a new value or ``None``.
+
+So these two calls are the same:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # original (still works)
+    vcr = VCR(filter_headers=['authorization'])
+    
+    # new
+    vcr = VCR(filter_headers=[('authorization', None)])
+
+Here are two examples of the new functionality:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # replace with a static value (most common)
+    vcr = VCR(filter_headers=[('authorization', 'XXXXXX')])
+    
+    # replace with a callable, for example when testing
+    # lots of different kinds of authorization.
+    def replace_auth(key, value, request):
+        auth_type = value.split(' ', 1)[0]
+        return '{} {}'.format(auth_type, 'XXXXXX')
+
+Custom Request filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If none of these covers your request filtering needs, you can register a
+callback with the ``before_record_request`` configuration option to
+manipulate the HTTP request before adding it to the cassette, or return
+``None`` to ignore it entirely. Here is an example that will never record
+requests to the ``'/login'`` path:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    def before_record_cb(request):
+        if request.path == '/login':
+            return None
+        return request
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
+        before_record_request=before_record_cb,
+    )
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
+        # your http code here
+
+You can also mutate the request using this callback. For example, you
+could remove all query parameters from any requests to the ``'/login'``
+path.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    def scrub_login_request(request):
+        if request.path == '/login':
+            request.uri, _ =  urllib.splitquery(request.uri)
+        return request
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
+        before_record_request=scrub_login_request,
+    )
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
+        # your http code here
+
+Custom Response Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can also do response filtering with the
+``before_record_response`` configuration option. Its usage is
+similar to the above ``before_record_request`` - you can
+mutate the response, or return ``None`` to avoid recording
+the request and response altogether. For example to hide
+sensitive data from the response body:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    def scrub_string(string, replacement=''):
+        def before_record_response(response):
+            response['body']['string'] = response['body']['string'].replace(string, replacement)
+            return response
+        return before_record_response
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
+        before_record_response=scrub_string(settings.USERNAME, 'username'),
+    )
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.yml'):
+         # your http code here    
+
+
+Decode compressed response
+---------------------------
+
+When the ``decode_compressed_response`` keyword argument of a ``VCR`` object
+is set to True, VCR will decompress "gzip" and "deflate" response bodies
+before recording. This ensures that these interactions become readable and
+editable after being serialized.
+
+.. note::
+    Decompression is done before any other specified `Custom Response Filtering`_.
+
+This option should be avoided if the actual decompression of response bodies
+is part of the functionality of the library or app being tested.
+
+Ignore requests
+---------------
+
+If you would like to completely ignore certain requests, you can do it
+in a few ways:
+
+-  Set the ``ignore_localhost`` option equal to True. This will not
+   record any requests sent to (or responses from) localhost, 127.0.0.1,
+   or 0.0.0.0.
+-  Set the ``ignore_hosts`` configuration option to a list of hosts to
+   ignore
+-  Add a ``before_record_request`` or ``before_record_response`` callback
+   that returns ``None`` for requests you want to ignore (see above).
+
+Requests that are ignored by VCR will not be saved in a cassette, nor
+played back from a cassette. VCR will completely ignore those requests
+as if it didn't notice them at all, and they will continue to hit the
+server as if VCR were not there.
+
+Custom Patches
+--------------
+
+If you use a custom ``HTTPConnection`` class, or otherwise make http
+requests in a way that requires additional patching, you can use the
+``custom_patches`` keyword argument of the ``VCR`` and ``Cassette``
+objects to patch those objects whenever a cassette's context is entered.
+To patch a custom version of ``HTTPConnection`` you can do something
+like this:
+
+::
+
+    import where_the_custom_https_connection_lives
+    from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
+    my_vcr = config.VCR(custom_patches=((where_the_custom_https_connection_lives, 'CustomHTTPSConnection', VCRHTTPSConnection),))
+
+    @my_vcr.use_cassette(...)
+
+Automatic Cassette Naming
+-------------------------
+
+VCR.py now allows the omission of the path argument to the use\_cassette
+function. Both of the following are now legal/should work
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    @my_vcr.use_cassette
+    def my_test_function():
+        ...
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    @my_vcr.use_cassette()
+    def my_test_function():
+        ...
+
+In both cases, VCR.py will use a path that is generated from the
+provided test function's name. If no ``cassette_library_dir`` has been
+set, the cassette will be in a file with the name of the test function
+in directory of the file in which the test function is declared. If a
+``cassette_library_dir`` has been set, the cassette will appear in that
+directory in a file with the name of the decorated function.
+
+It is possible to control the path produced by the automatic naming
+machinery by customizing the ``path_transformer`` and
+``func_path_generator`` vcr variables. To add an extension to all
+cassette names, use ``VCR.ensure_suffix`` as follows:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    my_vcr = VCR(path_transformer=VCR.ensure_suffix('.yaml'))
+
+    @my_vcr.use_cassette
+    def my_test_function():
+
+Rewind Cassette
+---------------
+
+VCR.py allows to rewind a cassette in order to replay it inside the same function/test.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
+        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
+        assert cass.all_played
+        cass.rewind()
+        assert not cass.all_played
+
+Playback Repeats
+----------------
+
+By default, each response in a cassette can only be matched and played back
+once while the cassette is in use, unless the cassette is rewound.
+
+If you want to allow playback repeats without rewinding the cassette, use
+the Cassette ``allow_playback_repeats`` option.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml', allow_playback_repeats=True) as cass:
+        for x in range(10):
+            response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
+        assert cass.all_played
+
+Discards Cassette on Errors
+---------------------------
+
+By default VCR will save the cassette file even when there is any error inside
+the enclosing context/test.
+
+If you want to save the cassette only when the test succeeds, set the Cassette
+``record_on_exception`` option to ``False``.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    try:
+        my_vcr = VCR(record_on_exception=False)
+        with my_vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml') as cass:
+            response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.zombo.com/').read()
+            raise RuntimeError("Oops, something happened")
+    except RuntimeError:
+        pass
+
+    # Since there was an exception, the cassette file hasn't been created.
+    assert not os.path.exists('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml')

docs/api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+API
+===
+
+:mod:`~vcr.config`
+------------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.config
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__
+
+:mod:`~vcr.cassette`
+--------------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.cassette
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__
+
+:mod:`~vcr.matchers`
+--------------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.matchers
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__
+
+:mod:`~vcr.filters`
+-------------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.filters
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__
+
+:mod:`~vcr.request`
+-------------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.request
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__
+
+:mod:`~vcr.serialize`
+---------------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.serialize
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__
+
+:mod:`~vcr.patch`
+-----------------
+
+.. automodule:: vcr.patch
+   :members:
+   :special-members: __init__

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+Changelog
+---------
+
+For a full list of triaged issues, bugs and PRs and what release they are targeted for please see the following link.
+
+`ROADMAP MILESTONES <https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/milestones>`_
+
+All help in providing PRs to close out bug issues is appreciated. Even if that is providing a repo that fully replicates issues. We have very generous contributors that have added these to bug issues which meant another contributor picked up the bug and closed it out.
+
+-  5.0.0
+    - BREAKING CHANGE: Drop support for Python 3.7.  3.7 is EOL as of 6/27/23 Thanks @jairhenrique
+    - BREAKING CHANGE: Custom Cassette persisters no longer catch ValueError.  If you have implemented a custom persister (has anyone implemented a custom persister?  Let us know!) then you will need to throw a CassetteNotFoundError when unable to find a cassette.  See #681 for discussion and reason for this change. Thanks @amosjyng for the PR and the review from @hartwork
+-  4.4.0
+    - HUGE thanks to @hartwork for all the work done on this release!
+    - Bring vcr/unittest in to vcrpy as a full feature of vcr instead of a separate library.  Big thanks to @hartwork for doing this and to @agriffis for originally creating the library
+    - Make decompression robust towards already decompressed input (thanks @hartwork)
+    - Bugfix: Add read1 method (fixes compatibility with biopython), thanks @mghantous
+    - Bugfix: Prevent filters from corrupting request (thanks @abramclark)
+    - Bugfix: Add support for `response.raw.stream()` to fix urllib v2 compat
+    - Bugfix: Replace `assert` with `raise AssertionError`: fixes support for `PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1`
+    - Add pytest.mark.online to run test suite offline, thanks @jspricke
+    - use python3 and pip3 binaries to ease debian packaging (thanks @hartwork)
+    - Add codespell (thanks @mghantous)
+-  4.3.1
+    - Support urllib3 v1 and v2.  NOTE: there is an issue running urllib3 v2 on
+      Python older than 3.10, so this is currently blocked in the requirements.
+      Hopefully we can resolve this situation in the future.  Thanks to @shifqu,
+      hartwork, jairhenrique, pquentin, and vEpiphyte for your work on this.
+-  4.3.0
+    - Add support for Python 3.11 (Thanks @evgeni)
+    - Drop support for botocore <1.11.0 and requests <2.16.2 (thanks @hartwork)
+    - Bugfix: decode_compressed_response raises exception on empty responses. Thanks @CharString
+    - Don't save requests from decorated tests if decorated test fails (thanks @dan-passaro)
+    - Fix not calling all the exit stack when record_on_exception is False (thanks @Terseus)
+    - Various CI, documentation, testing, and formatting improvements (Thanks @jairhenrique, @dan-passaro, @hartwork, and Terseus)
+-  4.2.1
+    - Fix a bug where the first request in a redirect chain was not being recorded with aiohttp
+    - Various typos and small fixes, thanks @jairhenrique, @timgates42
+-  4.2.0
+    - Drop support for python < 3.7, thanks @jairhenrique, @IvanMalison, @AthulMuralidhar
+    - Various aiohtt bigfixes (thanks @pauloromeira and boechat107)
+    - Bugfix: filter_post_data_parameters not working with aiohttp.  Thank you @vprakashplanview, @scop, @jairhenrique, and @cinemascop89
+    - Bugfix: Some random misspellings (thanks @scop)
+    - Migrate the CI suite to Github Actions from Travis (thanks @jairhenrique and @cclauss)
+    - Various documentation and code misspelling fixes (thanks @scop and @Justintime50)
+    - Bugfix: httpx support (select between allow_redirects/follow_redirects) (thanks @immerrr)
+    - Bugfix: httpx support (select between allow_redirects/follow_redirects) (thanks @immerrr)
+-  4.1.1
+    - Fix HTTPX support for versions greater than 0.15 (thanks @jairhenrique)
+    - Include a trailing newline on json cassettes (thanks @AaronRobson)
+-  4.1.0
+    - Add support for httpx!! (thanks @herdigiorgi)
+    - Add the new `allow_playback_repeats` option (thanks @tysonholub)
+    - Several aiohttp improvements (cookie support, multiple headers with same key) (Thanks @pauloromeira)
+    - Use enums for record modes (thanks @aaronbannin)
+    - Bugfix: Do not redirect on 304 in aiohttp (Thanks @royjs)
+    - Bugfix: Fix test suite by switching to mockbin (thanks @jairhenrique)
+-  4.0.2
+    - Fix mock imports as reported in #504 by @llybin. Thank you.
+-  4.0.1 
+    - Fix logo alignment for PyPI 
+-  4.0.0
+    - Remove Python2 support (@hugovk)
+    - Add Python 3.8 TravisCI support (@neozenith)
+    - Updated the logo to a modern material design (@sean0x42)
+
+-  3.0.0
+    - This release is a breaking change as it changes how aiohttp follows redirects and your cassettes may need to be re-recorded with this update.
+    - Fix multiple requests being replayed per single request in aiohttp stub #495 (@nickdirienzo)
+    - Add support for `request_info` on mocked responses in aiohttp stub #495 (@nickdirienzo)
+    - doc: fixed variable name (a -> cass) in an example for rewind #492 (@yarikoptic)
+
+-  2.1.1 
+    - Format code with black (@neozenith)
+    - Use latest pypy3 in Travis (@hugovk)
+    - Improve documentation about custom matchers (@gward)
+    - Fix exception when body is empty (@keithprickett)
+    - Add `pytest-recording` to the documentation as an alternative Pytest plugin (@Stranger6667)
+    - Fix yarl and python3.5 version issue (@neozenith)
+    - Fix header matcher for boto3 - fixes #474 (@simahawk)
+-  2.1.0 
+    - Add a `rewind` method to reset a cassette (thanks @khamidou)
+    - New error message with more details on why the cassette failed to play a request (thanks @arthurHamon2, @neozenith)
+    - Handle connect tunnel URI (thanks @jeking3)
+    - Add code coverage to the project (thanks @neozenith)
+    - Drop support to python 3.4
+    - Add deprecation warning on python 2.7, next major release will drop python 2.7 support
+    - Fix build problems on requests tests (thanks to @dunossauro)
+    - Fix matching on 'body' failing when Unicode symbols are present in them (thanks @valgur)
+    - Fix bugs on aiohttp integration (thanks @graingert, @steinnes, @stj, @lamenezes, @lmazuel)
+    - Fix Biopython incompatibility (thanks @rishab121)
+    - Fix Boto3 integration (thanks @1oglop1, @arthurHamon2)
+-  2.0.1 
+    - Fix bug when using vcrpy with python 3.4
+-  2.0.0 
+    - Support python 3.7 (fix httplib2 and urllib2, thanks @felixonmars)
+    - [#356] Fixes `before_record_response` so the original response isn't changed (thanks @kgraves)
+    - Fix requests stub when using proxy (thanks @samuelfekete @daneoshiga)
+    - (only for aiohttp stub) Drop support to python 3.4 asyncio.coroutine (aiohttp doesn't support python it anymore)
+    - Fix aiohttp stub to work with aiohttp client (thanks @stj)
+    - Fix aiohttp stub to accept content type passed
+    - Improve docs (thanks @adamchainz)
+
+
+-  1.13.0 
+    - Fix support to latest aiohttp version (3.3.2). Fix content-type bug in aiohttp stub. Save URL with query params properly when using aiohttp.
+-  1.12.0 
+    - Fix support to latest aiohttp version (3.2.1), Adapted setup to PEP508, Support binary responses on aiohttp, Dropped support for EOL python versions (2.6 and 3.3)
+-  1.11.1 
+    - Fix compatibility with newest requests and urllib3 releases
+-  1.11.0 
+    - Allow injection of persistence methods + bugfixes (thanks @j-funk and @IvanMalison),
+    - Support python 3.6 + CI tests (thanks @derekbekoe and @graingert),
+    - Support pytest-asyncio coroutines (thanks @graingert)
+-  1.10.5 
+    - Added a fix to httplib2 (thanks @carlosds730), Fix an issue with
+    - aiohttp (thanks @madninja), Add missing requirement yarl (thanks @lamenezes),
+    - Remove duplicate mock triple (thanks @FooBarQuaxx)
+-  1.10.4 
+    - Fix an issue with asyncio aiohttp (thanks @madninja)
+-  1.10.3 
+    - Fix some issues with asyncio and params (thanks @anovikov1984 and @lamenezes)
+    - Fix some issues with cassette serialize / deserialize and empty response bodies (thanks @gRoussac and @dz0ny)
+-  1.10.2 
+    - Fix 1.10.1 release - add aiohttp support back in
+-  1.10.1 
+    - [bad release] Fix build for Fedora package + python2 (thanks @puiterwijk and @lamenezes)
+-  1.10.0 
+    - Add support for aiohttp (thanks @lamenezes)
+-  1.9.0 
+    - Add support for boto3 (thanks @desdm, @foorbarna). 
+    - Fix deepcopy issue for response headers when `decode_compressed_response` is enabled (thanks @nickdirienzo)
+-  1.8.0 
+    - Fix for Serialization errors with JSON adapter (thanks @aliaksandrb). 
+    - Avoid concatenating bytes with strings (thanks @jaysonsantos). 
+    - Exclude __pycache__ dirs & compiled files in sdist (thanks @koobs). 
+    - Fix Tornado support behavior for Tornado 3 (thanks @abhinav). 
+    - decode_compressed_response option and filter (thanks @jayvdb).
+-  1.7.4 [#217] 
+    - Make use_cassette decorated functions actually return a value (thanks @bcen). 
+    - [#199] Fix path transformation defaults.
+    - Better headers dictionary management.
+-  1.7.3 [#188] 
+    - ``additional_matchers`` kwarg on ``use_cassette``.
+    - [#191] Actually support passing multiple before_record_request functions (thanks @agriffis).
+-  1.7.2 
+    - [#186] Get effective_url in tornado (thanks @mvschaik)
+    - [#187] Set request_time on Response object in tornado (thanks @abhinav).
+-  1.7.1 
+    - [#183] Patch ``fetch_impl`` instead of the entire HTTPClient class for Tornado (thanks @abhinav).
+-  1.7.0 
+    - [#177] Properly support coroutine/generator decoration. 
+    - [#178] Support distribute (thanks @graingert). [#163] Make compatibility between python2 and python3 recorded cassettes more robust (thanks @gward).
+-  1.6.1 
+    - [#169] Support conditional requirements in old versions of pip
+    - Fix RST parse errors generated by pandoc
+    - [Tornado] Fix unsupported features exception not being raised
+    - [#166] content-aware body matcher.
+- 1.6.0
+    - [#120] Tornado support (thanks @abhinav)
+    - [#147] packaging fixes (thanks @graingert)
+    - [#158] allow filtering post params in requests (thanks @MrJohz)
+    - [#140] add xmlrpclib support (thanks @Diaoul).
+-  1.5.2
+    - Fix crash when cassette path contains cassette library directory (thanks @gazpachoking).
+-  1.5.0
+    - Automatic cassette naming and 'application/json' post data filtering (thanks @marco-santamaria).
+-  1.4.2 
+    - Fix a bug caused by requests 2.7 and chunked transfer encoding
+-  1.4.1 
+    - Include README, tests, LICENSE in package. Thanks @ralphbean.
+-  1.4.0 
+    - Filter post data parameters (thanks @eadmundo)
+    - Support for posting files through requests, inject\_cassette kwarg to access cassette from ``use_cassette`` decorated function, ``with_current_defaults`` actually works (thanks @samstav).
+-  1.3.0
+    - Fix/add support for urllib3 (thanks @aisch)
+    - Fix default port  for https (thanks @abhinav).
+-  1.2.0 
+    - Add custom\_patches argument to VCR/Cassette objects to allow users to stub custom classes when cassettes become active.
+-  1.1.4
+    - Add force reset around calls to actual connection from stubs, to ensure compatibility with the version of httplib/urlib2 in python 2.7.9.
+-  1.1.3
+    - Fix python3 headers field (thanks @rtaboada)
+    - fix boto test (thanks @telaviv)
+    - fix new\_episodes record mode (thanks @jashugan),
+    - fix Windows connectionpool stub bug (thanks @gazpachoking)
+    - add support for requests 2.5
+-  1.1.2
+    - Add urllib==1.7.1 support. 
+    - Make json serialize error handling correct
+    - Improve logging of match failures.
+-  1.1.1 
+    - Use function signature preserving ``wrapt.decorator`` to write the decorator version of use\_cassette in order to ensure compatibility with py.test fixtures and python 2. 
+    - Move all request filtering into the ``before_record_callable``.
+-  1.1.0 
+    - Add ``before_record_response``. Fix several bugs related to the context management of cassettes.
+-  1.0.3 
+    - Fix an issue with requests 2.4 and make sure case sensitivity is consistent across python versions
+-  1.0.2
+    - Fix an issue with requests 2.3
+-  1.0.1
+    - Fix a bug with the new ignore requests feature and the once record mode
+-  1.0.0 
+    - *BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE*: Please see the 'upgrade' section in the README. Take a look at the matcher section as well, you might want to update your ``match_on`` settings. 
+    - Add support for filtering sensitive data from requests, matching query strings after the order changes and improving the built-in matchers, (thanks to @mshytikov)
+    - Support for ignoring requests to certain hosts, bump supported Python3 version to 3.4, fix some bugs with Boto support (thanks @marusich)
+    - Fix error with URL field capitalization in README (thanks @simon-weber)
+    - Added some log messages to help with debugging
+    - Added ``all_played`` property on cassette (thanks @mshytikov)
+
+-  0.7.0
+    - VCR.py now supports Python 3! (thanks @asundg) 
+    - Also I refactored the stub connections quite a bit to add support for the putrequest and putheader calls.
+    - This version also adds support for httplib2 (thanks @nilp0inter). 
+    - I have added a couple tests for boto since it is an http client in its own right.
+    - Finally, this version includes a fix for a bug where requests wasn't being patched properly (thanks @msabramo).
+-  0.6.0
+    - Store response headers as a list since a HTTP response can have the same header twice (happens with set-cookie sometimes).
+        - This has the added benefit of preserving the order of headers. 
+        - Thanks @smallcode for the bug report leading to this change. 
+    - I have made an effort to ensure backwards compatibility with the old cassettes' header storage mechanism, but if you want to upgrade to the new header storage, you should delete your cassettes and re-record them.
+    - Also this release adds better error messages (thanks @msabramo) 
+    - and adds support for using VCR as a decorator (thanks @smallcode for the motivation)
+-  0.5.0
+    - Change the ``response_of`` method to ``responses_of`` since cassettes can now contain more than one response for a request. 
+        - Since this changes the API, I'm bumping the version. 
+    - Also includes 2 bugfixes: 
+        - a better error message when attempting to overwrite a cassette file, 
+        - and a fix for a bug with requests sessions (thanks @msabramo)
+-  0.4.0
+    - Change default request recording behavior for multiple requests.
+        - If you make the same request multiple times to the same URL, the response might be different each time (maybe the response has a timestamp in it or something), so this will make the same request multiple times and save them all. 
+        - Then, when you are replaying the cassette, the responses will be played back in the same order in which they were received.
+        - If you were making multiple requests to the same URL in a cassette before version 0.4.0, you might need to regenerate your cassette files.
+        - Also, removes support for the cassette.play\_count counter API, since individual requests aren't unique anymore.
+        - A cassette might contain the same request several times.
+    - Also removes secure overwrite feature since that was breaking overwriting files in Windows
+    - And fixes a bug preventing request's automatic body decompression from working.
+-  0.3.5
+    - Fix compatibility with requests 2.x
+-  0.3.4
+    - Bugfix: close file before renaming it. This fixes an issue on Windows. Thanks @smallcode for the fix.
+-  0.3.3
+    - Bugfix for error message when an unregistered custom matcher was used
+-  0.3.2
+    - Fix issue with new config syntax and the ``match_on`` parameter. Thanks, @chromy!
+-  0.3.1
+    - Fix issue causing full paths to be sent on the HTTP request line.
+-  0.3.0
+    - *Backwards incompatible release*
+    - Added support for record modes, and changed the default recording behavior to the "once" record mode. Please see the documentation on record modes for more.
+    - Added support for custom request matching, and changed the default request matching behavior to match only on the URL and method. 
+    - Also, improved the httplib mocking to add support for the ``HTTPConnection.send()`` method.
+        - This means that requests won't actually be sent until the response is read, since I need to record the entire request in order to match up the appropriate response.
+        - I don't think this should cause any issues unless you are sending requests without ever loading the response (which none of the standard httplib wrappers do, as far as I know).
+    - Thanks to @fatuhoku for some of the ideas and the motivation behind this release.
+-  0.2.1
+    - Fixed missing modules in setup.py
+-  0.2.0
+    - Added configuration API, which lets you configure some settings on VCR (see the README). 
+    - Also, VCR no longer saves cassettes if they haven't changed at all and supports JSON as well as YAML (thanks @sirpengi).
+    - Added amazing new skeumorphic logo, thanks @hairarrow.
+-  0.1.0
+    - *backwards incompatible release - delete your old cassette files*
+    - This release adds the ability to access the cassette to make assertions on it
+    - as well as a major code refactor thanks to @dlecocq. 
+    - It also fixes a couple longstanding bugs with redirects and HTTPS. [#3 and #4]
+-  0.0.4
+    - If you have libyaml installed, vcrpy will use the c bindings instead. Speed up your tests! Thanks @dlecocq
+-  0.0.3
+    - Add support for requests 1.2.3. Support for older versions of requests dropped (thanks @vitormazzi and @bryanhelmig)
+-  0.0.2
+    - Add support for requests / urllib3
+-  0.0.1
+    - Initial Release
+

docs/conf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#
+# vcrpy documentation build configuration file, created by
+# sphinx-quickstart on Sun Sep 13 11:18:00 2015.
+#
+# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
+# containing dir.
+#
+# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
+# autogenerated file.
+#
+# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
+# serve to show the default.
+
+import codecs
+import os
+import re
+
+here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+def read(*parts):
+    # intentionally *not* adding an encoding option to open, See:
+    #   https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/201#issuecomment-3145690
+    with codecs.open(os.path.join(here, *parts), "r") as fp:
+        return fp.read()
+
+
+def find_version(*file_paths):
+    version_file = read(*file_paths)
+    version_match = re.search(r"^__version__ = ['\"]([^'\"]*)['\"]", version_file, re.M)
+    if version_match:
+        return version_match.group(1)
+
+    raise RuntimeError("Unable to find version string.")
+
+
+autodoc_default_options = {
+    "members": None,
+    "undoc-members": None,
+}
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
+
+# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.githubpages",
+]
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
+
+# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
+# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
+# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
+source_suffix = ".rst"
+
+# The encoding of source files.
+# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+
+# The master toctree document.
+master_doc = "index"
+
+# General information about the project.
+project = "vcrpy"
+copyright = "2015, Kevin McCarthy"
+author = "Kevin McCarthy"
+
+# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
+# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
+# built documents.
+#
+# The short X.Y version.
+#  version = "1.7.4"
+# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
+version = release = find_version("..", "vcr", "__init__.py")
+
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
+# for a list of supported languages.
+#
+# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
+# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
+language = "en"
+
+# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
+# non-false value, then it is used:
+# today = ''
+# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
+# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
+
+# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
+# documents.
+# default_role = None
+
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
+# add_function_parentheses = True
+
+# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
+# unit titles (such as .. function::).
+# add_module_names = True
+
+# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
+# output. They are ignored by default.
+# show_authors = False
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
+
+# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
+# modindex_common_prefix = []
+
+# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
+# keep_warnings = False
+
+# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
+todo_include_todos = False
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.
+# https://read-the-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/theme.html#how-do-i-use-this-locally-and-on-read-the-docs
+#  if "READTHEDOCS" not in os.environ:
+#      import sphinx_rtd_theme
+#
+#      html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+#      html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
+
+# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
+# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
+# documentation.
+# html_theme_options = {}
+
+# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
+# "<project> v<release> documentation".
+# html_title = None
+
+# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
+# html_short_title = None
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
+# of the sidebar.
+# html_logo = None
+
+# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
+# docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
+# pixels large.
+# html_favicon = None
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
+
+# Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
+# .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
+# directly to the root of the documentation.
+# html_extra_path = []
+
+# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
+# using the given strftime format.
+# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+
+# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
+# typographically correct entities.
+# html_use_smartypants = True
+
+# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
+# html_sidebars = {}
+html_sidebars = {"**": ["globaltoc.html", "relations.html", "sourcelink.html", "searchbox.html"]}
+
+
+# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
+# template names.
+# html_additional_pages = {}
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+# html_domain_indices = True
+
+# If false, no index is generated.
+# html_use_index = True
+
+# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
+# html_split_index = False
+
+# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
+# html_show_sourcelink = True
+
+# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+# html_show_sphinx = True
+
+# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+# html_show_copyright = True
+
+# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
+# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
+# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
+# html_use_opensearch = ''
+
+# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
+# html_file_suffix = None
+
+# Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
+# Sphinx supports the following languages:
+#   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
+#   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
+# html_search_language = 'en'
+
+# A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
+# Now only 'ja' uses this config value
+# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
+
+# The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
+# implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
+# html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
+
+# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
+htmlhelp_basename = "vcrpydoc"
+
+# -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
+
+latex_elements = {
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    # 'preamble': '',
+    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+}
+
+# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title,
+#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
+latex_documents = [
+    (master_doc, "vcrpy.tex", "vcrpy Documentation", "Kevin McCarthy", "manual"),
+]
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
+# the title page.
+# latex_logo = None
+
+# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
+# not chapters.
+# latex_use_parts = False
+
+# If true, show page references after internal links.
+# latex_show_pagerefs = False
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+# latex_show_urls = False
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+# latex_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+# latex_domain_indices = True
+
+
+# -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
+
+# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
+# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
+man_pages = [(master_doc, "vcrpy", "vcrpy Documentation", [author], 1)]
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+# man_show_urls = False
+
+
+# -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
+
+# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author,
+#  dir menu entry, description, category)
+texinfo_documents = [
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "vcrpy",
+        "vcrpy Documentation",
+        author,
+        "vcrpy",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
+]
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+# texinfo_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+# texinfo_domain_indices = True
+
+# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
+# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+
+# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
+# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+
+
+# Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
+intersphinx_mapping = {"https://docs.python.org/": None}
+html_theme = "alabaster"

docs/configuration.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Configuration
+=============
+
+If you don't like VCR's defaults, you can set options by instantiating a
+``VCR`` class and setting the options on it.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+
+    import vcr
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(
+        serializer='json',
+        cassette_library_dir='fixtures/cassettes',
+        record_mode='once',
+        match_on=['uri', 'method'],
+    )
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json'):
+        # your http code here
+
+Otherwise, you can override options each time you use a cassette.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette('test.yml', serializer='json', record_mode='once'):
+        # your http code here
+
+Note: Per-cassette overrides take precedence over the global config.
+
+Request matching
+----------------
+
+Request matching is configurable and allows you to change which requests
+VCR considers identical. The default behavior is
+``['method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query']`` which means
+that requests with both the same URL and method (ie POST or GET) are
+considered identical.
+
+This can be configured by changing the ``match_on`` setting.
+
+The following options are available :
+
+-  method (for example, POST or GET)
+-  uri (the full URI)
+-  scheme (for example, HTTP or HTTPS)
+-  host (the hostname of the server receiving the request)
+-  port (the port of the server receiving the request)
+-  path (the path of the request)
+-  query (the query string of the request)
+-  raw\_body (the entire request body as is)
+-  body (the entire request body unmarshalled by content-type
+   i.e. xmlrpc, json, form-urlencoded, falling back on raw\_body)
+-  headers (the headers of the request)
+
+   Backwards compatible matchers:
+-  url (the ``uri`` alias)
+
+If these options don't work for you, you can also register your own
+request matcher. This is described in the Advanced section of this
+README.

docs/contributing.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+Contributing
+============
+
+.. image:: _static/vcr.svg
+   :alt: vcr.py logo
+   :align: right
+
+🚀 Milestones
+--------------
+For anyone interested in the roadmap and projected release milestones please see the following link:
+
+`MILESTONES <https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/milestones>`_
+
+----
+
+🎁 Contributing Issues and PRs
+-------------------------------
+
+ - Issues and PRs will get triaged and assigned to the appropriate milestone.
+ - PRs get priority over issues.
+ - The maintainers have limited bandwidth and do so **voluntarily**.
+
+So whilst reporting issues are valuable, please consider:
+ - contributing an issue with a toy repo that replicates the issue.
+ - contributing PRs is a more valuable donation of your time and effort.
+
+Thanks again for your interest and support in VCRpy. 
+
+We really appreciate it.
+
+----
+
+👥 Collaborators
+-----------------
+
+We also have a large test matrix to cover and would like members to volunteer covering these roles.
+
+============ ==================== ================= ================== ======================
+**Library**  **Issue Triager(s)** **Maintainer(s)** **PR Reviewer(s)** **Release Manager(s)**
+------------ -------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------------------
+``core``     Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
+``requests`` @neozenith           Needs support     @neozenith         @neozenith
+``aiohttp``  Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
+``urllib3``  Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
+``httplib2`` Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
+``tornado4`` Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
+``boto3``    Needs support        Needs support     Needs support      @neozenith
+============ ==================== ================= ================== ======================
+
+Role Descriptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**Issue Triager:**
+
+Simply adding these three labels for incoming issues means a lot for maintaining this project:
+ -  ``bug`` or ``enhancement``
+ - Which library does it affect? ``core``, ``aiohttp``, ``requests``, ``urllib3``, ``tornado4``, ``httplib2``
+ - If it is a bug, is it ``Verified Can Replicate`` or ``Requires Help Replicating``
+ - Thanking people for raising issues. Feedback is always appreciated.
+ - Politely asking if they are able to link to an example repo that replicates the issue if they haven't already. Being able to *clone and go* helps the next person and we like that. 😃 
+
+**Maintainer:**
+
+This involves creating PRs to address bugs and enhancement requests. It also means maintaining the test suite, docstrings and documentation .
+
+**PR Reviewer:**
+
+The PR reviewer is a second set of eyes to see if:
+ - Are there tests covering the code paths added/modified?
+ - Do the tests and modifications make sense seem appropriate?
+ - Add specific feedback, even on approvals, why it is accepted. eg "I like how you use a context manager there. 😄 " 
+ - Also make sure they add a line to `docs/changelog.rst` to claim credit for their contribution.
+
+**Release Manager:**
+ - Ensure CI is passing.
+ - Create a release on github and tag it with the changelog release notes.
+ - ``python3 setup.py build sdist bdist_wheel``
+ - ``twine upload dist/*``
+ - Go to ReadTheDocs build page and trigger a build https://readthedocs.org/projects/vcrpy/builds/
+
+----
+
+Running VCR's test suite
+------------------------
+
+The tests are all run automatically on `Travis
+CI <https://travis-ci.org/kevin1024/vcrpy>`__, but you can also run them
+yourself using `pytest <http://pytest.org/>`__ and
+`Tox <http://tox.testrun.org/>`__. 
+
+Tox will automatically run them in all environments VCR.py supports if they are available on your `PATH`. Alternatively you can use `tox-pyenv <https://pypi.org/project/tox-pyenv/>`_ with 
+`pyenv <https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv>`_. 
+We recommend you read the documentation for each and see the section further below.
+
+The test suite is pretty big and slow, but you can tell tox to only run specific tests like this::
+
+    tox -e {pyNN}-{HTTP_LIBRARY} -- <pytest flags passed through>
+
+    tox -e py38-requests -- -v -k "'test_status_code or test_gzip'"
+    tox -e py38-requests -- -v --last-failed
+
+This will run only tests that look like ``test_status_code`` or
+``test_gzip`` in the test suite, and only in the python 3.8 environment
+that has ``requests`` installed.
+
+Also, in order for the boto tests to run, you will need an AWS key.
+Refer to the `boto
+documentation <https://boto.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html>`__
+for how to set this up. I have marked the boto tests as optional in
+Travis so you don't have to worry about them failing if you submit a
+pull request.
+
+Using PyEnv with VCR's test suite
+---------------------------------
+
+PyEnv is a tool for managing multiple installation of python on your system.
+See the full documentation at their `github <https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv>`_ 
+but we are also going to use `tox-pyenv <https://pypi.org/project/tox-pyenv/>`_ 
+in this example::
+
+    git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv ~/.pyenv
+
+    # Add ~/.pyenv/bin to your PATH
+    export PATH="$PATH:~/.pyenv/bin"
+
+    # Setup shim paths
+    eval "$(pyenv init -)"
+
+    # Setup your local system tox tooling
+    pip3 install tox tox-pyenv
+
+    # Install supported versions (at time of writing), this does not activate them
+    pyenv install 3.8.0 pypy3.8
+
+    # This activates them
+    pyenv local 3.8.0 pypy3.8
+
+    # Run the whole test suite
+    tox
+
+    # Run the whole test suite or just part of it
+    tox -e lint
+    tox -e py38-requests
+
+
+Troubleshooting on MacOSX
+-------------------------
+
+If you have this kind of error when running tox :
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    __main__.ConfigurationError: Curl is configured to use SSL, but we have
+    not been able to determine which SSL backend it is using. Please see PycURL documentation for how to specify the SSL backend manually.
+
+Then you need to define some environment variables:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+    export PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl
+    export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
+    export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
+
+Reference : `stackoverflow issue <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51019622/curl-is-configured-to-use-ssl-but-we-have-not-been-able-to-determine-which-ssl>`__

docs/debugging.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+Debugging
+=========
+
+VCR.py has a few log messages you can turn on to help you figure out if
+HTTP requests are hitting a real server or not. You can turn them on
+like this:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import vcr
+    import requests
+    import logging
+
+    logging.basicConfig() # you need to initialize logging, otherwise you will not see anything from vcrpy
+    vcr_log = logging.getLogger("vcr")
+    vcr_log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette('headers.yml'):
+        requests.get('http://httpbin.org/headers')
+
+The first time you run this, you will see::
+
+    INFO:vcr.stubs:<Request (GET) http://httpbin.org/headers> not in cassette, sending to real server
+
+The second time, you will see::
+
+    INFO:vcr.stubs:Playing response for <Request (GET) http://httpbin.org/headers> from cassette
+
+If you set the loglevel to DEBUG, you will also get information about
+which matchers didn't match. This can help you with debugging custom
+matchers.
+
+CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
+----------------------------------------
+
+When a request failed to be found in an existing cassette,
+VCR.py tries to get the request(s) that may be similar to the one being searched.
+The goal is to see which matcher(s) failed and understand what part of the failed request may have changed.
+It can return multiple similar requests with :
+
+- the matchers that have succeeded
+- the matchers that have failed
+- for each failed matchers, why it has failed with an assertion message
+
+CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException message example :
+
+.. code::
+
+    CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException: Can't overwrite existing cassette ('cassette.yaml') in your current record mode ('once').
+    No match for the request (<Request (GET) https://www.googleapis.com/?alt=json&maxResults=200>) was found.
+    Found 1 similar requests with 1 different matchers :
+
+    1 - (<Request (GET) https://www.googleapis.com/?alt=json&maxResults=500>).
+    Matchers succeeded : ['method', 'scheme', 'host', 'port', 'path']
+    Matchers failed :
+    query - assertion failure :
+    [('alt', 'json'), ('maxResults', '200')] != [('alt', 'json'), ('maxResults', '500')]

docs/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.. include:: ../README.rst
+
+Contents
+========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 3
+
+   installation
+   usage
+   configuration
+   advanced
+   api
+   debugging
+   contributing
+   changelog
+
+
+==================
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`

docs/installation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+Installation
+============
+
+VCR.py is a package on `PyPI <https://pypi.python.org>`__, so you can install
+with pip::
+
+    pip3 install vcrpy
+
+Compatibility
+-------------
+
+VCR.py supports Python 3.8+, and `pypy <http://pypy.org>`__.
+
+The following HTTP libraries are supported:
+
+-  ``aiohttp``
+-  ``boto``
+-  ``boto3``
+-  ``http.client``
+-  ``httplib2``
+-  ``requests`` (both 1.x and 2.x versions)
+-  ``tornado.httpclient``
+-  ``urllib2``
+-  ``urllib3``
+-  ``httpx``
+
+Speed
+-----
+
+VCR.py runs about 10x faster when `pyyaml <http://pyyaml.org>`__ can use the
+`libyaml extensions <http://pyyaml.org/wiki/LibYAML>`__. In order for this to
+work, libyaml needs to be available when pyyaml is built. Additionally the flag
+is cached by pip, so you might need to explicitly avoid the cache when
+rebuilding pyyaml.
+
+1. Test if pyyaml is built with libyaml. This should work::
+
+     python3 -c 'from yaml import CLoader'
+
+2. Install libyaml according to your Linux distribution, or using `Homebrew
+   <http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/>`__ on Mac::
+
+     brew install libyaml         # Mac with Homebrew
+     apt-get install libyaml-dev  # Ubuntu
+     dnf install libyaml-devel      # Fedora
+
+3. Rebuild pyyaml with libyaml::
+
+     pip3 uninstall pyyaml
+     pip3 --no-cache-dir install pyyaml
+
+Upgrade
+-------
+
+New Cassette Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The cassette format has changed in *VCR.py 1.x*, the *VCR.py 0.x*
+cassettes cannot be used with *VCR.py 1.x*. The easiest way to upgrade
+is to simply delete your cassettes and re-record all of them. VCR.py
+also provides a migration script that attempts to upgrade your 0.x
+cassettes to the new 1.x format. To use it, run the following command::
+
+    python3 -m vcr.migration PATH
+
+The PATH can be either a path to the directory with cassettes or the
+path to a single cassette.
+
+*Note*: Back up your cassettes files before migration. The migration
+*should* only modify cassettes using the old 0.x format.
+
+New serializer / deserializer API
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you made a custom serializer, you will need to update it to match the
+new API in version 1.0.x
+
+-  Serializers now take dicts and return strings.
+-  Deserializers take strings and return dicts (instead of requests,
+   responses pair)
+
+Ruby VCR compatibility
+----------------------
+
+VCR.py does not aim to match the format of the Ruby VCR YAML files.
+Cassettes generated by Ruby's VCR are not compatible with VCR.py.

docs/usage.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+Usage
+=====
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import vcr
+    import urllib.request
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
+        response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+        assert b'Example domains' in response
+
+Run this test once, and VCR.py will record the HTTP request to
+``fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml``. Run it again, and VCR.py will
+replay the response from iana.org when the http request is made. This
+test is now fast (no real HTTP requests are made anymore), deterministic
+(the test will continue to pass, even if you are offline, or iana.org
+goes down for maintenance) and accurate (the response will contain the
+same headers and body you get from a real request).
+
+You can also use VCR.py as a decorator. The same request above would
+look like this:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml')
+    def test_iana():
+        response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+        assert b'Example domains' in response
+
+When using the decorator version of ``use_cassette``, it is possible to
+omit the path to the cassette file.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette()
+    def test_iana():
+        response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+        assert b'Example domains' in response
+
+In this case, the cassette file will be given the same name as the test
+function, and it will be placed in the same directory as the file in
+which the test is defined. See the Automatic Test Naming section below
+for more details.
+
+Record Modes
+------------
+
+VCR supports 4 record modes (with the same behavior as Ruby's VCR):
+
+once
+~~~~
+
+-  Replay previously recorded interactions.
+-  Record new interactions if there is no cassette file.
+-  Cause an error to be raised for new requests if there is a cassette
+   file.
+
+It is similar to the new\_episodes record mode, but will prevent new,
+unexpected requests from being made (e.g. because the request URI
+changed).
+
+once is the default record mode, used when you do not set one.
+
+new\_episodes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+-  Record new interactions.
+-  Replay previously recorded interactions. It is similar to the once
+   record mode, but will always record new interactions, even if you
+   have an existing recorded one that is similar, but not identical.
+
+This was the default behavior in versions < 0.3.0
+
+none
+~~~~
+
+-  Replay previously recorded interactions.
+-  Cause an error to be raised for any new requests. This is useful when
+   your code makes potentially dangerous HTTP requests. The none record
+   mode guarantees that no new HTTP requests will be made.
+
+all
+~~~
+
+-  Record new interactions.
+-  Never replay previously recorded interactions. This can be
+   temporarily used to force VCR to re-record a cassette (i.e. to ensure
+   the responses are not out of date) or can be used when you simply
+   want to log all HTTP requests.
+
+Unittest Integration
+--------------------
+
+Inherit from ``VCRTestCase`` for automatic recording and playback of HTTP
+interactions.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from vcr.unittest import VCRTestCase
+    import requests
+
+    class MyTestCase(VCRTestCase):
+       def test_something(self):
+           response = requests.get('http://example.com')
+
+Similar to how VCR.py returns the cassette from the context manager,
+``VCRTestCase`` makes the cassette available as ``self.cassette``:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    self.assertEqual(len(self.cassette), 1)
+    self.assertEqual(self.cassette.requests[0].uri, 'http://example.com')
+
+By default cassettes will be placed in the ``cassettes`` subdirectory next to the
+test, named according to the test class and method. For example, the above test
+would read from and write to ``cassettes/MyTestCase.test_something.yaml``
+
+The configuration can be modified by overriding methods on your subclass:
+``_get_vcr_kwargs``, ``_get_cassette_library_dir`` and ``_get_cassette_name``.
+To modify the ``VCR`` object after instantiation, for example to add a matcher,
+you can hook on ``_get_vcr``, for example:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    class MyTestCase(VCRTestCase):
+        def _get_vcr(self, **kwargs):
+            myvcr = super(MyTestCase, self)._get_vcr(**kwargs)
+            myvcr.register_matcher('mymatcher', mymatcher)
+            myvcr.match_on = ['mymatcher']
+            return myvcr
+
+See
+`the source
+<https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/blob/master/vcr/unittest.py>`__
+for the default implementations of these methods.
+
+If you implement a ``setUp`` method on your test class then make sure to call
+the parent version ``super().setUp()`` in your own in order to continue getting
+the cassettes produced.
+
+VCRMixin
+~~~~~~~~
+
+In case inheriting from ``VCRTestCase`` is difficult because of an existing
+class hierarchy containing tests in the base classes, inherit from ``VCRMixin``
+instead.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from vcr.unittest import VCRMixin
+    import requests
+    import unittest
+
+    class MyTestMixin(VCRMixin):
+       def test_something(self):
+           response = requests.get(self.url)
+
+    class MyTestCase(MyTestMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+        url = 'http://example.com'
+
+
+Pytest Integration
+------------------
+
+A Pytest plugin is available here : `pytest-vcr
+<https://github.com/ktosiek/pytest-vcr>`__.
+
+Alternative plugin, that also provides network access blocking: `pytest-recording
+<https://github.com/kiwicom/pytest-recording>`__.

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[tool.black]
+line-length=110
+
+[tool.isort]
+line_length = 110
+known_first_party = "vcrpy"
+multi_line_output = 3
+use_parentheses = true
+include_trailing_comma = true
+
+[tool.codespell]
+skip = '.git,*.pdf,*.svg,.tox'
+ignore-regex = "\\\\[fnrstv]"
+#
+# ignore-words-list = ''
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+markers = [
+    "online",
+]

runtests.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# https://blog.ionelmc.ro/2015/04/14/tox-tricks-and-patterns/#when-it-inevitably-leads-to-shell-scripts
+# If you are getting an INVOCATION ERROR for this script then there is 
+# a good chance you are running on Windows.
+# You can and should use WSL for running tox on Windows when it calls bash scripts.
+REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=`python3 -m pytest_httpbin.certs` exec pytest "$@"

setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[bdist_wheel]
+universal=1

setup.py

@@ -1,53 +1,109 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
+import codecs
+import os
+import re
 import sys
-from setuptools import setup
+
+from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
 
+long_description = open("README.rst").read()
+here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+def read(*parts):
+    # intentionally *not* adding an encoding option to open, See:
+    #   https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/201#issuecomment-3145690
+    with codecs.open(os.path.join(here, *parts), "r") as fp:
+        return fp.read()
+
+
+def find_version(*file_paths):
+    version_file = read(*file_paths)
+    version_match = re.search(r"^__version__ = ['\"]([^'\"]*)['\"]", version_file, re.M)
+    if version_match:
+        return version_match.group(1)
+
+    raise RuntimeError("Unable to find version string.")
+
 
 class PyTest(TestCommand):
-
     def finalize_options(self):
         TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
         self.test_args = []
         self.test_suite = True
 
     def run_tests(self):
-        #import here, cause outside the eggs aren't loaded
+        # import here, cause outside the eggs aren't loaded
         import pytest
+
         errno = pytest.main(self.test_args)
         sys.exit(errno)
 
-setup(name='vcrpy',
-      version='0.2.1',
-      description="A Python port of Ruby's VCR to make mocking HTTP easier",
-      author='Kevin McCarthy',
-      author_email='me@kevinmccarthy.org',
-      url='https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy',
-      packages = [
-        'vcr',
-        'vcr.stubs',
-        'vcr.compat',
-        'vcr.persisters',
-        'vcr.serializers',
-      ],
-      package_dir={
-        'vcr': 'vcr',
-        'vcr.stubs': 'vcr/stubs',
-        'vcr.compat': 'vcr/compat',
-        'vcr.persisters': 'vcr/persisters',
-      },
-      install_requires=['PyYAML'],
-      license='MIT',
-      tests_require=['pytest'],
-      cmdclass={'test': PyTest},
-      classifiers=[
-          'Development Status :: 3 - Alpha',
-          'Environment :: Console',
-          'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-          'Programming Language :: Python',
-          'Topic :: Software Development :: Testing',
-          'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
-          'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-      ],
+
+install_requires = [
+    "PyYAML",
+    "wrapt",
+    "six>=1.5",
+    "yarl",
+    # Support for urllib3 >=2 needs Python >=3.10
+    # so we need to block urllib3 >=2 for Python <3.10 for now.
+    # Note that vcrpy would work fine without any urllib3 around,
+    # so this block and the dependency can be dropped at some point
+    # in the future. For more Details:
+    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/699#issuecomment-1551439663
+    "urllib3 <2; python_version <'3.10'",
+]
+
+tests_require = [
+    "aiohttp",
+    "boto3",
+    "httplib2",
+    "httpx",
+    "pytest",
+    "pytest-aiohttp",
+    "pytest-httpbin",
+    "requests",
+    "tornado",
+    # Needed to un-break httpbin 0.7.0. For httpbin >=0.7.1 and after,
+    # this pin and the dependency itself can be removed, provided
+    # that the related bug in httpbin has been fixed:
+    # https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/645#issuecomment-1562489489
+    # https://github.com/postmanlabs/httpbin/issues/673
+    # https://github.com/postmanlabs/httpbin/pull/674
+    "Werkzeug==2.0.3",
+]
+
+setup(
+    name="vcrpy",
+    version=find_version("vcr", "__init__.py"),
+    description=("Automatically mock your HTTP interactions to simplify and speed up testing"),
+    long_description=long_description,
+    long_description_content_type="text/x-rst",
+    author="Kevin McCarthy",
+    author_email="me@kevinmccarthy.org",
+    url="https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy",
+    packages=find_packages(exclude=["tests*"]),
+    python_requires=">=3.8",
+    install_requires=install_requires,
+    license="MIT",
+    tests_require=tests_require,
+    classifiers=[
+        "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+        "Environment :: Console",
+        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+        "Programming Language :: Python",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
+        "Topic :: Software Development :: Testing",
+        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
+        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
+    ],
 )

tests/assertions.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import json
+
+
 def assert_cassette_empty(cass):
     assert len(cass) == 0
     assert cass.play_count == 0
@@ -6,3 +9,12 @@ def assert_cassette_empty(cass):
 def assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass):
     assert len(cass) == 1
     assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+def assert_is_json_bytes(b: bytes):
+    assert isinstance(b, bytes)
+    try:
+        json.loads(b.decode("utf-8"))
+    except Exception:
+        assert False
+    assert True

tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+    "version": 1,
+    "interactions":
+    [
+        {
+            "request": {
+                "body": null,
+                "headers": {
+                    "accept": ["*/*"],
+                    "accept-encoding": ["gzip, deflate, compress"],
+                    "user-agent": ["python-requests/2.2.1 CPython/2.6.1 Darwin/10.8.0"]
+                },
+                "method": "GET",
+                "uri": "http://httpbin.org/ip"
+            },
+            "response": {
+                "status": {
+                    "message": "OK", 
+                    "code": 200
+                }, 
+                "headers": {
+                    "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
+                    "content-type": ["application/json"],
+                    "date": ["Mon, 21 Apr 2014 23:13:40 GMT"],
+                    "server": ["gunicorn/0.17.4"],
+                    "content-length": ["32"],
+                    "connection": ["keep-alive"]
+                }, 
+                "body": {
+                    "string": "{\n  \"origin\": \"217.122.164.194\"\n}"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}

tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+version: 1
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: null
+    headers: 
+      accept: ['*/*']
+      accept-encoding: ['gzip, deflate, compress']
+      user-agent: ['python-requests/2.2.1 CPython/2.6.1 Darwin/10.8.0']
+    method: GET
+    uri: http://httpbin.org/ip
+  response:
+    body: {string: "{\n  \"origin\": \"217.122.164.194\"\n}"}
+    headers:
+      access-control-allow-origin: ['*']
+      content-type: [application/json]
+      date: ['Mon, 21 Apr 2014 23:06:09 GMT']
+      server: [gunicorn/0.17.4]
+      content-length: ['32']
+      connection: [keep-alive]
+    status: {code: 200, message: OK}

tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This is not a cassette

tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[
+    {
+        "request": {
+            "body": null, 
+            "protocol": "http", 
+            "method": "GET", 
+            "headers": {
+                "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, compress", 
+                "accept": "*/*", 
+                "user-agent": "python-requests/2.2.1 CPython/2.6.1 Darwin/10.8.0"
+            }, 
+            "host": "httpbin.org", 
+            "path": "/ip", 
+            "port": 80
+        }, 
+        "response": {
+            "status": {
+                "message": "OK", 
+                "code": 200
+            }, 
+            "headers": [
+                "access-control-allow-origin: *\r\n", 
+                "content-type: application/json\r\n", 
+                "date: Mon, 21 Apr 2014 23:13:40 GMT\r\n", 
+                "server: gunicorn/0.17.4\r\n", 
+                "content-length: 32\r\n", 
+                "connection: keep-alive\r\n"
+            ], 
+            "body": {
+                "string": "{\n  \"origin\": \"217.122.164.194\"\n}"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+]

tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+- request: !!python/object:vcr.request.Request
+    body: null
+    headers: !!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset
+    - - !!python/tuple [accept-encoding, 'gzip, deflate, compress']
+      - !!python/tuple [user-agent, python-requests/2.2.1 CPython/2.6.1 Darwin/10.8.0]
+      - !!python/tuple [accept, '*/*']
+    host: httpbin.org
+    method: GET
+    path: /ip
+    port: 80
+    protocol: http
+  response:
+    body: {string: !!python/unicode "{\n  \"origin\": \"217.122.164.194\"\n}"}
+    headers: [!!python/unicode "access-control-allow-origin: *\r\n", !!python/unicode "content-type:
+        application/json\r\n", !!python/unicode "date: Mon, 21 Apr 2014 23:06:09 GMT\r\n",
+      !!python/unicode "server: gunicorn/0.17.4\r\n", !!python/unicode "content-length:
+        32\r\n", !!python/unicode "connection: keep-alive\r\n"]
+    status: {code: 200, message: OK}

tests/fixtures/wild/domain_redirect.yaml

@@ -1,131 +1,146 @@
-- request: !!python/object:vcr.request.Request
+version: 1
+interactions:
+- request:
     body: null
-    headers: !!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset
-    - - !!python/tuple [Accept-Encoding, 'gzip, deflate, compress']
-      - !!python/tuple [User-Agent, vcrpy-test]
-      - !!python/tuple [Accept, '*/*']
-    host: moz.com
+    headers:
+      Accept: ['*/*']
+      Accept-Encoding: ['gzip, deflate, compress']
+      User-Agent: ['vcrpy-test']
     method: GET
-    path: /
-    port: 80
-    protocol: http
+    uri: http://seomoz.org/
+  response:
+    body: {string: ''}
+    headers: 
+      Location: ['http://moz.com/']
+      Server: ['BigIP']
+      Connection: ['Keep-Alive']
+      Content-Length: ['0']
+    status: {code: 301, message: Moved Permanently}
+- request:
+    body: null
+    headers:
+      Accept: ['*/*']
+      Accept-Encoding: ['gzip, deflate, compress']
+      User-Agent: ['vcrpy-test']
+    method: GET
+    uri: http://moz.com/
   response:
     body:
       string: !!binary |
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-    headers: {accept-ranges: bytes, age: '0', connection: keep-alive, content-length: '178',
-      content-type: text/html, date: 'Sat, 10 Aug 2013 23:33:35 GMT', location: 'http://moz.com/',
-      server: nginx, server-name: dalmozwww01.dal.moz.com, via: 1.1 varnish, x-varnish: '2027569892'}
-    status: {code: 301, message: Moved Permanently}

tests/integration/aiohttp_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+import asyncio
+
+import aiohttp
+
+
+async def aiohttp_request(loop, method, url, output="text", encoding="utf-8", content_type=None, **kwargs):
+    session = aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop)
+    response_ctx = session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
+
+    response = await response_ctx.__aenter__()
+    if output == "text":
+        content = await response.text()
+    elif output == "json":
+        content_type = content_type or "application/json"
+        content = await response.json(encoding=encoding, content_type=content_type)
+    elif output == "raw":
+        content = await response.read()
+    elif output == "stream":
+        content = await response.content.read()
+
+    response_ctx._resp.close()
+    await session.close()
+
+    return response, content
+
+
+def aiohttp_app():
+    async def hello(request):
+        return aiohttp.web.Response(text="hello")
+
+    async def json(request):
+        return aiohttp.web.json_response({})
+
+    async def json_empty_body(request):
+        return aiohttp.web.json_response()
+
+    app = aiohttp.web.Application()
+    app.router.add_get("/", hello)
+    app.router.add_get("/json", json)
+    app.router.add_get("/json/empty", json_empty_body)
+    return app

tests/integration/cassettes/test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: ''
+    headers:
+      accept:
+      - '*/*'
+      accept-encoding:
+      - gzip, deflate, br
+      connection:
+      - keep-alive
+      host:
+      - httpbin.org
+      user-agent:
+      - python-httpx/0.12.1
+    method: GET
+    uri: https://mockbin.org/headers
+  response:
+    content: "{\n  \"headers\": {\n    \"Accept\": \"*/*\", \n    \"Accept-Encoding\"\
+      : \"gzip, deflate, br\", \n    \"Host\": \"httpbin.org\", \n    \"User-Agent\"\
+      : \"python-httpx/0.12.1\", \n    \"X-Amzn-Trace-Id\": \"Root=1-5ea778c9-ea76170da792abdbf7614067\"\
+      \n  }\n}\n"
+    headers:
+      access-control-allow-credentials:
+      - 'true'
+      access-control-allow-origin:
+      - '*'
+      connection:
+      - keep-alive
+      content-length:
+      - '226'
+      content-type:
+      - application/json
+      date:
+      - Tue, 28 Apr 2020 00:28:57 GMT
+      server:
+      - gunicorn/19.9.0
+      via:
+      - my_own_proxy
+    http_version: HTTP/1.1
+    status_code: 200
+version: 1

tests/integration/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import os
+import ssl
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
+def scheme(request):
+    """Fixture that returns both http and https."""
+    return request.param
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mockbin(scheme):
+    return scheme + "://mockbin.org"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mockbin_request_url(mockbin):
+    return mockbin + "/request"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def httpbin_ssl_context():
+    ssl_ca_location = os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"]
+    ssl_cert_location = os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"].replace("cacert.pem", "cert.pem")
+    ssl_key_location = os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"].replace("cacert.pem", "key.pem")
+
+    ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=ssl_ca_location)
+    ssl_context.load_cert_chain(ssl_cert_location, ssl_key_location)
+
+    return ssl_context

tests/integration/test_aiohttp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import urllib.parse
+
+import pytest
+
+asyncio = pytest.importorskip("asyncio")
+aiohttp = pytest.importorskip("aiohttp")
+
+import vcr  # noqa: E402
+
+from .aiohttp_utils import aiohttp_app, aiohttp_request  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def run_in_loop(fn):
+    with contextlib.closing(asyncio.new_event_loop()) as loop:
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+        task = loop.create_task(fn(loop))
+        return loop.run_until_complete(task)
+
+
+def request(method, url, output="text", **kwargs):
+    def run(loop):
+        return aiohttp_request(loop, method, url, output=output, **kwargs)
+
+    return run_in_loop(run)
+
+
+def get(url, output="text", **kwargs):
+    return request("GET", url, output=output, **kwargs)
+
+
+def post(url, output="text", **kwargs):
+    return request("POST", url, output="text", **kwargs)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_status(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))):
+        response, _ = get(url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
+        assert cassette_response.status == response.status
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("auth", [None, aiohttp.BasicAuth("vcrpy", "test")])
+def test_headers(tmpdir, auth, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        response, _ = get(url, auth=auth)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        if auth is not None:
+            request = cassette.requests[0]
+            assert "AUTHORIZATION" in request.headers
+        cassette_response, _ = get(url, auth=auth)
+        assert dict(cassette_response.headers) == dict(response.headers)
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+        assert "istr" not in cassette.data[0]
+        assert "yarl.URL" not in cassette.data[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_case_insensitive_headers(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))):
+        _, _ = get(url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
+        assert "Content-Type" in cassette_response.headers
+        assert "content-type" in cassette_response.headers
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_text(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))):
+        _, response_text = get(url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_response_text = get(url)
+        assert cassette_response_text == response_text
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_json(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))):
+        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
+        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_binary(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url + "/image/png"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("binary.yaml"))):
+        _, response_binary = get(url, output="raw")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("binary.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_response_binary = get(url, output="raw")
+        assert cassette_response_binary == response_binary
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_stream(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("stream.yaml"))):
+        _, body = get(url, output="raw")  # Do not use stream here, as the stream is exhausted by vcr
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("stream.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_body = get(url, output="stream")
+        assert cassette_body == body
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("body", ["data", "json"])
+def test_post(tmpdir, body, caplog, mockbin_request_url):
+    caplog.set_level(logging.INFO)
+    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post.yaml"))):
+        _, response_json = post(url, **{body: data})
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        request = cassette.requests[0]
+        assert request.body == data
+        _, cassette_response_json = post(url, **{body: data})
+        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+    assert next(
+        (
+            log
+            for log in caplog.records
+            if log.getMessage() == f"<Request (POST) {url}> not in cassette, sending to real server"
+        ),
+        None,
+    ), "Log message not found."
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_params(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url + "?d=d"
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    params = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": "c"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
+        assert response_json["queryString"] == {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "c", "d": "d"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
+        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_params_same_url_distinct_params(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    params = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": "c"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", params=params, headers=headers)
+        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+    other_params = {"other": "params"}
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+            get(url, output="text", params=other_params)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_params_on_url(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    url = mockbin_request_url + "?a=1&b=foo"
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
+        request = cassette.requests[0]
+        assert request.url == url
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        _, cassette_response_json = get(url, output="json", headers=headers)
+        request = cassette.requests[0]
+        assert request.url == url
+        assert cassette_response_json == response_json
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+def test_aiohttp_test_client(aiohttp_client, tmpdir):
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    app = aiohttp_app()
+    url = "/"
+    client = loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))):
+        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
+
+    assert response.status == 200
+    response_text = loop.run_until_complete(response.text())
+    assert response_text == "hello"
+    response_text = loop.run_until_complete(response.text(errors="replace"))
+    assert response_text == "hello"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
+
+    request = cassette.requests[0]
+    assert request.url == str(client.make_url(url))
+    response_text = loop.run_until_complete(response.text())
+    assert response_text == "hello"
+    assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+def test_aiohttp_test_client_json(aiohttp_client, tmpdir):
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    app = aiohttp_app()
+    url = "/json/empty"
+    client = loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))):
+        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
+
+    assert response.status == 200
+    response_json = loop.run_until_complete(response.json())
+    assert response_json is None
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        response = loop.run_until_complete(client.get(url))
+
+    request = cassette.requests[0]
+    assert request.url == str(client.make_url(url))
+    response_json = loop.run_until_complete(response.json())
+    assert response_json is None
+    assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_redirect(tmpdir, mockbin):
+    url = mockbin + "/redirect/302/2"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("redirect.yaml"))):
+        response, _ = get(url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("redirect.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
+
+        assert cassette_response.status == response.status
+        assert len(cassette_response.history) == len(response.history)
+        assert len(cassette) == 3
+        assert cassette.play_count == 3
+
+    # Assert that the real response and the cassette response have a similar
+    # looking request_info.
+    assert cassette_response.request_info.url == response.request_info.url
+    assert cassette_response.request_info.method == response.request_info.method
+    assert {k: v for k, v in cassette_response.request_info.headers.items()} == {
+        k: v for k, v in response.request_info.headers.items()
+    }
+    assert cassette_response.request_info.real_url == response.request_info.real_url
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_not_modified(tmpdir, mockbin):
+    """It doesn't try to redirect on 304"""
+    url = mockbin + "/status/304"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("not_modified.yaml"))):
+        response, _ = get(url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("not_modified.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response, _ = get(url)
+
+        assert cassette_response.status == 304
+        assert response.status == 304
+        assert len(cassette_response.history) == len(response.history)
+        assert len(cassette) == 1
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_double_requests(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    """We should capture, record, and replay all requests and response chains,
+    even if there are duplicate ones.
+
+    We should replay in the order we saw them.
+    """
+    url = mockbin_request_url
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))):
+        _, response_text1 = get(url, output="text")
+        _, response_text2 = get(url, output="text")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("text.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        resp, cassette_response_text = get(url, output="text")
+        assert resp.status == 200
+        assert cassette_response_text == response_text1
+
+        # We made only one request, so we should only play 1 recording.
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+        # Now make the second test to url
+        resp, cassette_response_text = get(url, output="text")
+
+        assert resp.status == 200
+
+        assert cassette_response_text == response_text2
+
+        # Now that we made both requests, we should have played both.
+        assert cassette.play_count == 2
+
+
+def test_cookies(httpbin_both, httpbin_ssl_context, tmpdir):
+    async def run(loop):
+        cookies_url = httpbin_both.url + (
+            "/response-headers?"
+            "set-cookie=" + urllib.parse.quote("cookie_1=val_1; Path=/") + "&"
+            "Set-Cookie=" + urllib.parse.quote("Cookie_2=Val_2; Path=/")
+        )
+        home_url = httpbin_both.url + "/"
+        tmp = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yaml"))
+        req_cookies = {"Cookie_3": "Val_3"}
+        req_headers = {"Cookie": "Cookie_4=Val_4"}
+
+        # ------------------------- Record -------------------------- #
+        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp) as cassette:
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
+                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
+                home_resp = await session.get(
+                    home_url, cookies=req_cookies, headers=req_headers, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context
+                )
+                assert cassette.play_count == 0
+        assert_responses(cookies_resp, home_resp)
+
+        # -------------------------- Play --------------------------- #
+        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cassette:
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
+                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
+                home_resp = await session.get(
+                    home_url, cookies=req_cookies, headers=req_headers, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context
+                )
+                assert cassette.play_count == 2
+        assert_responses(cookies_resp, home_resp)
+
+    def assert_responses(cookies_resp, home_resp):
+        assert cookies_resp.cookies.get("cookie_1").value == "val_1"
+        assert cookies_resp.cookies.get("Cookie_2").value == "Val_2"
+        request_cookies = home_resp.request_info.headers["cookie"]
+        assert "cookie_1=val_1" in request_cookies
+        assert "Cookie_2=Val_2" in request_cookies
+        assert "Cookie_3=Val_3" in request_cookies
+        assert "Cookie_4=Val_4" in request_cookies
+
+    run_in_loop(run)
+
+
+def test_cookies_redirect(httpbin_both, httpbin_ssl_context, tmpdir):
+    async def run(loop):
+        # Sets cookie as provided by the query string and redirects
+        cookies_url = httpbin_both.url + "/cookies/set?Cookie_1=Val_1"
+        tmp = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yaml"))
+
+        # ------------------------- Record -------------------------- #
+        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp) as cassette:
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
+                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
+                assert not cookies_resp.cookies
+                cookies = session.cookie_jar.filter_cookies(cookies_url)
+                assert cookies["Cookie_1"].value == "Val_1"
+                assert cassette.play_count == 0
+            cassette.requests[1].headers["Cookie"] == "Cookie_1=Val_1"
+
+        # -------------------------- Play --------------------------- #
+        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cassette:
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
+                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
+                assert not cookies_resp.cookies
+                cookies = session.cookie_jar.filter_cookies(cookies_url)
+                assert cookies["Cookie_1"].value == "Val_1"
+                assert cassette.play_count == 2
+            cassette.requests[1].headers["Cookie"] == "Cookie_1=Val_1"
+
+        # Assert that it's ignoring expiration date
+        with vcr.use_cassette(tmp, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cassette:
+            cassette.responses[0]["headers"]["set-cookie"] = [
+                "Cookie_1=Val_1; Expires=Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT"
+            ]
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)) as session:
+                cookies_resp = await session.get(cookies_url, ssl=httpbin_ssl_context)
+                assert not cookies_resp.cookies
+                cookies = session.cookie_jar.filter_cookies(cookies_url)
+                assert cookies["Cookie_1"].value == "Val_1"
+
+    run_in_loop(run)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_not_allow_redirects(tmpdir, mockbin):
+    url = mockbin + "/redirect/308/5"
+    path = str(tmpdir.join("redirects.yaml"))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(path):
+        response, _ = get(url, allow_redirects=False)
+        assert response.url.path == "/redirect/308/5"
+        assert response.status == 308
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(path) as cassette:
+        response, _ = get(url, allow_redirects=False)
+        assert response.url.path == "/redirect/308/5"
+        assert response.status == 308
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1

tests/integration/test_basic.py

@@ -1,100 +1,88 @@
-'''Basic tests about cassettes'''
-# coding=utf-8
+"""Basic tests for cassettes"""
 
 # External imports
 import os
-import urllib2
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
 
 
-def test_nonexistent_directory(tmpdir):
-    '''If we load a cassette in a nonexistent directory, it can save ok'''
-    # Check to make sure directory doesnt exist
-    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('nonexistent')))
+def test_nonexistent_directory(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """If we load a cassette in a nonexistent directory, it can save ok"""
+    # Check to make sure directory doesn't exist
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent")))
 
     # Run VCR to create dir and cassette file
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('nonexistent', 'cassette.yml'))):
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml"))):
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
 
     # This should have made the file and the directory
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('nonexistent', 'cassette.yml')))
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml")))
 
 
-def test_unpatch(tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that our cassette gets unpatched when we're done'''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('unpatch.yaml'))) as cass:
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+def test_unpatch(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """Ensure that our cassette gets unpatched when we're done"""
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("unpatch.yaml"))) as cass:
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
 
     # Make the same request, and assert that we haven't served any more
     # requests out of cache
-    urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+    urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
     assert cass.play_count == 0
 
 
-def test_basic_use(tmpdir):
-    '''
-    Copied from the docs
-    '''
-    with vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
-        response = urllib2.urlopen(
-            'http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved'
-        ).read()
-        assert 'Example domains' in response
-
-
-def test_basic_json_use(tmpdir):
-    '''
+def test_basic_json_use(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """
     Ensure you can load a json serialized cassette
-    '''
-    test_fixture = 'fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.json'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(test_fixture, serializer='json'):
-        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
-        assert 'difficult sometimes' in response
+    """
+    test_fixture = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.json"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(test_fixture, serializer="json"):
+        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        assert b"difficult sometimes" in response
 
 
-def test_patched_content(tmpdir):
-    '''
+def test_patched_content(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """
     Ensure that what you pull from a cassette is what came from the
     request
-    '''
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+    """
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))) as cass:
+        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 0
 
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response2 = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))) as cass:
+        response2 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 1
         cass._save(force=True)
 
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))) as cass:
-        response3 = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))) as cass:
+        response3 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 1
 
     assert response == response2
     assert response2 == response3
 
 
-def test_patched_content_json(tmpdir):
-    '''
+def test_patched_content_json(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """
     Ensure that what you pull from a json cassette is what came from the
     request
-    '''
+    """
 
-    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.json'))
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.json"))
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
-        response = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 0
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
-        response2 = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+        response2 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 1
         cass._save(force=True)
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
-        response3 = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+        response3 = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 1
 
     assert response == response2

tests/integration/test_boto.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import pytest
+
+boto = pytest.importorskip("boto")
+
+from configparser import DuplicateSectionError  # NOQA
+
+import boto  # NOQA
+import boto.iam  # NOQA
+from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection  # NOQA
+from boto.s3.key import Key  # NOQA
+
+import vcr  # NOQA
+
+
+def test_boto_stubs(tmpdir):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-stubs.yml"))):
+        # Perform the imports within the patched context so that
+        # CertValidatingHTTPSConnection refers to the patched version.
+        from boto.https_connection import CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
+
+        from vcr.stubs.boto_stubs import VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
+
+        # Prove that the class was patched by the stub and that we can instantiate it.
+        assert issubclass(CertValidatingHTTPSConnection, VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection)
+        CertValidatingHTTPSConnection("hostname.does.not.matter")
+
+
+def test_boto_without_vcr():
+    s3_conn = S3Connection()
+    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+    k = Key(s3_bucket)
+    k.key = "test.txt"
+    k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+
+
+def test_boto_medium_difficulty(tmpdir):
+    s3_conn = S3Connection()
+    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-medium.yml"))):
+        k = Key(s3_bucket)
+        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-medium.yml"))):
+        k = Key(s3_bucket)
+        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+
+
+def test_boto_hardcore_mode(tmpdir):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-hardcore.yml"))):
+        s3_conn = S3Connection()
+        s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+        k = Key(s3_bucket)
+        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-hardcore.yml"))):
+        s3_conn = S3Connection()
+        s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket("boto-demo-1394171994")  # a bucket you can access
+        k = Key(s3_bucket)
+        k.key = "test.txt"
+        k.set_contents_from_string("hello world i am a string")
+
+
+def test_boto_iam(tmpdir):
+    try:
+        boto.config.add_section("Boto")
+    except DuplicateSectionError:
+        pass
+    # Ensure that boto uses HTTPS
+    boto.config.set("Boto", "is_secure", "true")
+    # Ensure that boto uses CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
+    boto.config.set("Boto", "https_validate_certificates", "true")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-iam.yml"))):
+        iam_conn = boto.iam.connect_to_region("universal")
+        iam_conn.get_all_users()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto-iam.yml"))):
+        iam_conn = boto.iam.connect_to_region("universal")
+        iam_conn.get_all_users()

tests/integration/test_boto3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+boto3 = pytest.importorskip("boto3")
+
+import boto3  # NOQA
+import botocore  # NOQA
+
+import vcr  # NOQA
+
+try:
+    from botocore import awsrequest  # NOQA
+
+    botocore_awsrequest = True
+except ImportError:
+    botocore_awsrequest = False
+
+# skip tests if boto does not use vendored requests anymore
+# https://github.com/boto/botocore/pull/1495
+boto3_skip_vendored_requests = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    botocore_awsrequest,
+    reason=f"botocore version {botocore.__version__} does not use vendored requests anymore.",
+)
+
+boto3_skip_awsrequest = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not botocore_awsrequest,
+    reason=f"botocore version {botocore.__version__} still uses vendored requests.",
+)
+
+IAM_USER_NAME = "vcrpy"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def iam_client():
+    def _iam_client(boto3_session=None):
+        if boto3_session is None:
+            boto3_session = boto3.Session(
+                aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "default"),
+                aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "default"),
+                aws_session_token=None,
+                region_name=os.environ.get("AWS_DEFAULT_REGION", "default"),
+            )
+        return boto3_session.client("iam")
+
+    return _iam_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def get_user(iam_client):
+    def _get_user(client=None, user_name=IAM_USER_NAME):
+        if client is None:
+            # Default client set with fixture `iam_client`
+            client = iam_client()
+        return client.get_user(UserName=user_name)
+
+    return _get_user
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    os.environ.get("TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST") != "false",
+    reason="Encrypted Environment Variables from Travis Repository Settings"
+    " are disabled on PRs from forks. "
+    "https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/pull-requests/#pull-requests-and-security-restrictions",
+)
+def test_boto_medium_difficulty(tmpdir, get_user):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-medium.yml"))):
+        response = get_user()
+        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-medium.yml"))) as cass:
+        response = get_user()
+        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
+        assert cass.all_played
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    os.environ.get("TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST") != "false",
+    reason="Encrypted Environment Variables from Travis Repository Settings"
+    " are disabled on PRs from forks. "
+    "https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/pull-requests/#pull-requests-and-security-restrictions",
+)
+def test_boto_hardcore_mode(tmpdir, iam_client, get_user):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-hardcore.yml"))):
+        ses = boto3.Session(
+            aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
+            aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
+            region_name=os.environ.get("AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"),
+        )
+        client = iam_client(ses)
+        response = get_user(client=client)
+        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("boto3-hardcore.yml"))) as cass:
+        ses = boto3.Session(
+            aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
+            aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
+            aws_session_token=None,
+            region_name=os.environ.get("AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"),
+        )
+
+        client = iam_client(ses)
+        response = get_user(client=client)
+        assert response["User"]["UserName"] == IAM_USER_NAME
+        assert cass.all_played

tests/integration/test_config.py

@@ -1,36 +1,87 @@
-import os
 import json
-import urllib2
+import os
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
 import vcr
 
 
-def test_set_serializer_default_config(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(serializer='json')
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_set_serializer_default_config(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(serializer="json")
 
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))):
-        assert my_vcr.serializer == 'json'
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))):
+        assert my_vcr.serializer == "json"
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
 
-    with open(str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))) as f:
-        assert json.loads(f.read())
+    with open(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))) as f:
+        file_content = f.read()
+        assert file_content.endswith("\n")
+        assert json.loads(file_content)
 
 
-def test_default_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join('subdir')))
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_default_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join("subdir")))
 
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json'):
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.json"):
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
 
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('subdir').join('test.json')))
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("subdir").join("test.json")))
 
 
-def test_override_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir):
-    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join('subdir')))
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_override_set_cassette_library_dir(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(cassette_library_dir=str(tmpdir.join("subdir")))
 
-    cld = str(tmpdir.join('subdir2'))
+    cld = str(tmpdir.join("subdir2"))
 
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette('test.json', cassette_library_dir=cld):
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.json", cassette_library_dir=cld):
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
 
-    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('subdir2').join('test.json')))
-    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join('subdir').join('test.json')))
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("subdir2").join("test.json")))
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("subdir").join("test.json")))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_override_match_on(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(match_on=["method"])
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))):
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json"))) as cass:
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+
+    assert len(cass) == 1
+    assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+def test_missing_matcher():
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_matcher("awesome", object)
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        with my_vcr.use_cassette("test.yaml", match_on=["notawesome"]):
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_dont_record_on_exception(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(record_on_exception=False)
+
+    @my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave.yml")))
+    def some_test():
+        assert b"Not in content" in urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        some_test()
+
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave.yml")))
+
+    # Make sure context decorator has the same behavior
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml"))):
+            assert b"Not in content" in urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
+
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("dontsave2.yml")))

tests/integration/test_disksaver.py

@@ -1,28 +1,30 @@
-'''Basic tests about save behavior'''
-# coding=utf-8
+"""Basic tests about save behavior"""
 
 # External imports
 import os
-import urllib2
 import time
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
 
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
 
 
-def test_disk_saver_nowrite(tmpdir):
-    '''
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_disk_saver_nowrite(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    """
     Ensure that when you close a cassette without changing it it doesn't
     rewrite the file
-    '''
-    fname = str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))
+    """
+    fname = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))
     with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 0
     last_mod = os.path.getmtime(fname)
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 1
         assert cass.dirty is False
     last_mod2 = os.path.getmtime(fname)
@@ -30,14 +32,15 @@ def test_disk_saver_nowrite(tmpdir):
     assert last_mod == last_mod2
 
 
-def test_disk_saver_write(tmpdir):
-    '''
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_disk_saver_write(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    """
     Ensure that when you close a cassette after changing it it does
     rewrite the file
-    '''
-    fname = str(tmpdir.join('synopsis.yaml'))
+    """
+    fname = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.yaml"))
     with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
         assert cass.play_count == 0
     last_mod = os.path.getmtime(fname)
 
@@ -45,9 +48,9 @@ def test_disk_saver_write(tmpdir):
     # the mtime doesn't change
     time.sleep(1)
 
-    with vcr.use_cassette(fname) as cass:
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/').read()
+    with vcr.use_cassette(fname, record_mode=vcr.mode.ANY) as cass:
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url).read()
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url + "/get").read()
         assert cass.play_count == 1
         assert cass.dirty
     last_mod2 = os.path.getmtime(fname)

tests/integration/test_filter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import base64
+import json
+from urllib.error import HTTPError
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
+
+import pytest
+from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response, assert_is_json_bytes
+
+import vcr
+
+
+def _request_with_auth(url, username, password):
+    request = Request(url)
+    base64string = base64.b64encode(username.encode("ascii") + b":" + password.encode("ascii"))
+    request.add_header(b"Authorization", b"Basic " + base64string)
+    return urlopen(request)
+
+
+def _find_header(cassette, header):
+    return any(header in request.headers for request in cassette.requests)
+
+
+def test_filter_basic_auth(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("basic_auth_filter.yaml"))
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(match_on=["uri", "method", "headers"])
+    # 2 requests, one with auth failure and one with auth success
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]):
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
+            resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "wrongpasswd")
+            assert resp.getcode() == 401
+        resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "passwd")
+        assert resp.getcode() == 200
+    # make same 2 requests, this time both served from cassette.
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]) as cass:
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
+            resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "wrongpasswd")
+            assert resp.getcode() == 401
+        resp = _request_with_auth(url, "user", "passwd")
+        assert resp.getcode() == 200
+        # authorization header should not have been recorded
+        assert not _find_header(cass, "authorization")
+        assert len(cass) == 2
+
+
+def test_filter_querystring(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/?foo=bar"
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_query_parameters=["foo"]):
+        urlopen(url)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_query_parameters=["foo"]) as cass:
+        urlopen(url)
+        assert "foo" not in cass.requests[0].url
+
+
+def test_filter_post_data(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/post"
+    data = urlencode({"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}).encode("utf-8")
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_pd.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]):
+        urlopen(url, data)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]) as cass:
+        assert b"id=secret" not in cass.requests[0].body
+
+
+def test_filter_json_post_data(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    data = json.dumps({"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}).encode("utf-8")
+    request = Request(httpbin.url + "/post", data=data)
+    request.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_jpd.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]):
+        urlopen(request)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=["id"]) as cass:
+        assert b'"id": "secret"' not in cass.requests[0].body
+
+
+def test_filter_callback(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("basic_auth_filter.yaml"))
+
+    def before_record_cb(request):
+        if request.path != "/get":
+            return request
+
+    # Test the legacy keyword.
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(before_record=before_record_cb)
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]) as cass:
+        urlopen(url)
+        assert len(cass) == 0
+
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR(before_record_request=before_record_cb)
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_headers=["authorization"]) as cass:
+        urlopen(url)
+        assert len(cass) == 0
+
+
+def test_decompress_gzip(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/gzip"
+    request = Request(url, headers={"Accept-Encoding": ["gzip, deflate"]})
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("gzip_response.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
+        urlopen(request)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
+        decoded_response = urlopen(url).read()
+        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+    assert_is_json_bytes(decoded_response)
+
+
+def test_decomptess_empty_body(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/gzip"
+    request = Request(url, headers={"Accept-Encoding": ["gzip, deflate"]}, method="HEAD")
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("gzip_empty_response.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
+        response = urlopen(request).read()
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
+        decoded_response = urlopen(request).read()
+        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+    assert decoded_response == response
+
+
+def test_decompress_deflate(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    url = httpbin.url + "/deflate"
+    request = Request(url, headers={"Accept-Encoding": ["gzip, deflate"]})
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("deflate_response.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
+        urlopen(request)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
+        decoded_response = urlopen(url).read()
+        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+    assert_is_json_bytes(decoded_response)
+
+
+def test_decompress_regular(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """Test that it doesn't try to decompress content that isn't compressed"""
+    url = httpbin.url + "/get"
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("noncompressed_response.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, decode_compressed_response=True):
+        urlopen(url)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file) as cass:
+        resp = urlopen(url).read()
+        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+    assert_is_json_bytes(resp)
+
+
+def test_before_record_request_corruption(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """Modifying request in before_record_request should not affect outgoing request"""
+
+    def before_record(request):
+        request.headers.clear()
+        request.body = b""
+        return request
+
+    req = Request(
+        httpbin.url + "/post",
+        data=urlencode({"test": "exists"}).encode(),
+        headers={"X-Test": "exists"},
+    )
+    cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("modified_response.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, before_record_request=before_record):
+        resp = json.loads(urlopen(req).read())
+
+    assert resp["headers"]["X-Test"] == "exists"
+    assert resp["form"]["test"] == "exists"

tests/integration/test_http

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: null
+    headers: {}
+    method: GET
+    uri: https://httpbin.org/get?ham=spam
+  response:
+    body: {string: "{\n  \"args\": {\n    \"ham\": \"spam\"\n  }, \n  \"headers\"\
+        : {\n    \"Accept\": \"*/*\", \n    \"Accept-Encoding\": \"gzip, deflate\"\
+        , \n    \"Connection\": \"close\", \n    \"Host\": \"httpbin.org\", \n   \
+        \ \"User-Agent\": \"Python/3.5 aiohttp/2.0.1\"\n  }, \n  \"origin\": \"213.86.221.35\"\
+        , \n  \"url\": \"https://httpbin.org/get?ham=spam\"\n}\n"}
+    headers: {Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: 'true', Access-Control-Allow-Origin: '*',
+      Connection: keep-alive, Content-Length: '299', Content-Type: application/json,
+      Date: 'Wed, 22 Mar 2017 20:08:29 GMT', Server: gunicorn/19.7.1, Via: 1.1 vegur}
+    status: {code: 200, message: OK}
+    url: !!python/object/new:yarl.URL
+      state: !!python/tuple
+      - !!python/object/new:urllib.parse.SplitResult [https, httpbin.org, /get, ham=spam,
+        '']
+      - false
+version: 1

tests/integration/test_httplib2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""Integration tests with httplib2"""
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import pytest
+import pytest_httpbin.certs
+from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
+
+import vcr
+
+httplib2 = pytest.importorskip("httplib2")
+
+
+def http():
+    """
+    Returns an httplib2 HTTP instance
+    with the certificate replaced by the httpbin one.
+    """
+    kwargs = {"ca_certs": pytest_httpbin.certs.where()}
+    return httplib2.Http(**kwargs)
+
+
+def test_response_code(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        code = resp.status
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        assert code == resp.status
+
+
+def test_random_body(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        _, content = http().request(url)
+        body = content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        _, content = http().request(url)
+        assert body == content
+
+
+def test_response_headers(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure we can get information from the response"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        headers = resp.items()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        assert set(headers) == set(resp.items())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_effective_url(tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+    url = "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        effective_url = resp["content-location"]
+        assert effective_url == "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301/0"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        assert effective_url == resp["content-location"]
+
+
+def test_multiple_requests(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that we can cache multiple requests"""
+    urls = [httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url + "/get", httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"]
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("multiple.yaml"))) as cass:
+        [http().request(url) for url in urls]
+    assert len(cass) == len(urls)
+
+
+def test_get_data(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that it works with query data"""
+    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/get?" + data
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+        _, res1 = http().request(url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+        _, res2 = http().request(url)
+
+    assert res1 == res2
+
+
+def test_post_data(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that it works when posting data"""
+    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+        _, res1 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        _, res2 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+
+    assert res1 == res2
+    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+
+
+def test_post_unicode_data(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that it works when posting unicode data"""
+    data = urlencode({"snowman": "☃".encode()})
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+        _, res1 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        _, res2 = http().request(url, "POST", data)
+
+    assert res1 == res2
+    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+
+
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    # First fetch a url under https, and then again under https and then
+    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
+    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+        http().request(httpbin_secure.url)
+        http().request(httpbin.url)
+        assert len(cass) == 2
+        assert cass.play_count == 0
+
+
+def test_decorator(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Test the decorator version of VCR.py"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    def inner1():
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        return resp["status"]
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    def inner2():
+        resp, _ = http().request(url)
+        return resp["status"]
+
+    assert inner1() == inner2()

tests/integration/test_httpx.py

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+asyncio = pytest.importorskip("asyncio")
+httpx = pytest.importorskip("httpx")
+
+import vcr  # noqa: E402
+from vcr.stubs.httpx_stubs import HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM  # noqa: E402
+
+
+class BaseDoRequest:
+    _client_class = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._client_args = args
+        self._client_kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def _make_client(self):
+        return self._client_class(*self._client_args, **self._client_kwargs)
+
+
+class DoSyncRequest(BaseDoRequest):
+    _client_class = httpx.Client
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def client(self):
+        try:
+            return self._client
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._client = self._make_client()
+            return self._client
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.client.request(*args, timeout=60, **kwargs)
+
+
+class DoAsyncRequest(BaseDoRequest):
+    _client_class = httpx.AsyncClient
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        # Need to manage both loop and client, because client's implementation
+        # will fail if the loop is closed before the client's end of life.
+        self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+        self._client = self._make_client()
+        self._loop.run_until_complete(self._client.__aenter__())
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        try:
+            self._loop.run_until_complete(self._client.__aexit__(*args))
+        finally:
+            del self._client
+            self._loop.close()
+            del self._loop
+
+    @property
+    def client(self):
+        try:
+            return self._client
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise ValueError('To access async client, use "with do_request() as client"')
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if hasattr(self, "_loop"):
+            return self._loop.run_until_complete(self.client.request(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        # Use one-time context and dispose of the loop/client afterwards
+        with self:
+            return self(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
+    if "do_request" in metafunc.fixturenames:
+        metafunc.parametrize("do_request", [DoAsyncRequest, DoSyncRequest])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def yml(tmpdir, request):
+    return str(tmpdir.join(request.function.__name__ + ".yaml"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_status(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
+    url = mockbin
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))):
+        response = do_request()("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("status.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
+        assert cassette_response.status_code == response.status_code
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_case_insensitive_headers(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
+    url = mockbin
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))):
+        do_request()("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("whatever.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
+        assert "Content-Type" in cassette_response.headers
+        assert "content-type" in cassette_response.headers
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_content(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
+    url = mockbin
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cointent.yaml"))):
+        response = do_request()("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cointent.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
+        assert cassette_response.content == response.content
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_json(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
+    url = mockbin + "/request"
+
+    headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))):
+        response = do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("json.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
+        assert cassette_response.json() == response.json()
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_params_same_url_distinct_params(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
+    url = mockbin + "/request"
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    params = {"a": 1, "b": False, "c": "c"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        response = do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
+        assert cassette_response.request.url == response.request.url
+        assert cassette_response.json() == response.json()
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+    params = {"other": "params"}
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+            do_request()("GET", url, params=params, headers=headers)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_redirect(mockbin, yml, do_request):
+    url = mockbin + "/redirect/303/2"
+
+    redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: True}
+
+    response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
+        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+
+        assert cassette_response.status_code == response.status_code
+        assert len(cassette_response.history) == len(response.history)
+        assert len(cassette) == 3
+        assert cassette.play_count == 3
+
+    # Assert that the real response and the cassette response have a similar
+    # looking request_info.
+    assert cassette_response.request.url == response.request.url
+    assert cassette_response.request.method == response.request.method
+    assert {k: v for k, v in cassette_response.request.headers.items()} == {
+        k: v for k, v in response.request.headers.items()
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_work_with_gzipped_data(mockbin, do_request, yml):
+    url = mockbin + "/gzip?foo=bar"
+    headers = {"accept-encoding": "deflate, gzip"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
+        do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request(headers=headers)("GET", url)
+
+        assert cassette_response.headers["content-encoding"] == "gzip"
+        assert cassette_response.read()
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("url", ["https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/" + str(i) for i in range(3, 6)])
+def test_simple_fetching(do_request, yml, url):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
+        do_request()("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request()("GET", url)
+        assert str(cassette_response.request.url) == url
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+def test_behind_proxy(do_request):
+    # This is recorded because otherwise we should have a live proxy somewhere.
+    yml = (
+        os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + "/cassettes/" + "test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml"
+    )
+    url = "https://mockbin.org/headers"
+    proxy = "http://localhost:8080"
+    proxies = {"http://": proxy, "https://": proxy}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
+        response = do_request(proxies=proxies, verify=False)("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = do_request(proxies=proxies, verify=False)("GET", url)
+        assert str(cassette_response.request.url) == url
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1
+
+        assert cassette_response.headers["Via"] == "my_own_proxy", str(cassette_response.headers)
+        assert cassette_response.request.url == response.request.url
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_cookies(tmpdir, mockbin, do_request):
+    def client_cookies(client):
+        return [c for c in client.client.cookies]
+
+    def response_cookies(response):
+        return [c for c in response.cookies]
+
+    url = mockbin + "/bin/26148652-fe25-4f21-aaf5-689b5b4bf65f"
+    headers = {"cookie": "k1=v1;k2=v2"}
+
+    with do_request(headers=headers) as client:
+        assert client_cookies(client) == []
+
+        redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: True}
+
+        testfile = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yml"))
+        with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+            r1 = client("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+
+            assert response_cookies(r1) == ["k1", "k2"]
+
+            r2 = client("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+
+            assert response_cookies(r2) == ["k1", "k2"]
+            assert client_cookies(client) == ["k1", "k2"]
+
+    with do_request(headers=headers) as new_client:
+        assert client_cookies(new_client) == []
+
+        with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cassette:
+            cassette_response = new_client("GET", url)
+
+            assert cassette.play_count == 1
+            assert response_cookies(cassette_response) == ["k1", "k2"]
+            assert client_cookies(new_client) == ["k1", "k2"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_relative_redirects(tmpdir, scheme, do_request, mockbin):
+    redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: True}
+
+    url = mockbin + "/redirect/301?to=/redirect/301?to=/request"
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("relative_redirects.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+        assert len(response.history) == 2, response
+        assert response.json()["url"].endswith("request")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cassette:
+        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+        assert len(response.history) == 2
+        assert response.json()["url"].endswith("request")
+
+        assert cassette.play_count == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_redirect_wo_allow_redirects(do_request, mockbin, yml):
+    url = mockbin + "/redirect/308/5"
+
+    redirect_kwargs = {HTTPX_REDIRECT_PARAM.name: False}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml):
+        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+
+        assert str(response.url).endswith("308/5")
+        assert response.status_code == 308
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(yml) as cassette:
+        response = do_request()("GET", url, **redirect_kwargs)
+
+        assert str(response.url).endswith("308/5")
+        assert response.status_code == 308
+
+        assert cassette.play_count == 1

tests/integration/test_ignore.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import socket
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import vcr
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def overridden_dns(overrides):
+    """
+    Monkeypatch socket.getaddrinfo() to override DNS lookups (name will resolve
+    to address)
+    """
+    real_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
+
+    def fake_getaddrinfo(*args, **kwargs):
+        if args[0] in overrides:
+            address = overrides[args[0]]
+            return [(2, 1, 6, "", (address, args[1]))]
+        return real_getaddrinfo(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    socket.getaddrinfo = fake_getaddrinfo
+    yield
+    socket.getaddrinfo = real_getaddrinfo
+
+
+def test_ignore_localhost(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
+            urlopen(f"http://localhost:{httpbin.port}/")
+            assert len(cass) == 0
+            urlopen(f"http://httpbin.org:{httpbin.port}/")
+            assert len(cass) == 1
+
+
+def test_ignore_httpbin(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_hosts=["httpbin.org"]) as cass:
+            urlopen(f"http://httpbin.org:{httpbin.port}/")
+            assert len(cass) == 0
+            urlopen(f"http://localhost:{httpbin.port}/")
+            assert len(cass) == 1
+
+
+def test_ignore_localhost_and_httpbin(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_hosts=["httpbin.org"], ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
+            urlopen(f"http://httpbin.org:{httpbin.port}")
+            urlopen(f"http://localhost:{httpbin.port}")
+            assert len(cass) == 0
+
+
+def test_ignore_localhost_twice(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with overridden_dns({"httpbin.org": "127.0.0.1"}):
+        cass_file = str(tmpdir.join("filter_qs.yaml"))
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
+            urlopen(f"http://localhost:{httpbin.port}")
+            assert len(cass) == 0
+            urlopen(f"http://httpbin.org:{httpbin.port}")
+            assert len(cass) == 1
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, ignore_localhost=True) as cass:
+            assert len(cass) == 1
+            urlopen(f"http://localhost:{httpbin.port}")
+            urlopen(f"http://httpbin.org:{httpbin.port}")
+            assert len(cass) == 1

tests/integration/test_matchers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+import vcr
+
+DEFAULT_URI = "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2"  # base uri for testing
+
+
+def _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    return uri.replace("http://httpbin.org", httpbin.url).replace("https://httpbin.org", httpbin_secure.url)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cassette(tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    """
+    Helper fixture used to prepare the cassette
+    returns path to the recorded cassette
+    """
+    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+
+    cassette_path = str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette_path, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL):
+        urlopen(default_uri)
+    return cassette_path
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "matcher, matching_uri, not_matching_uri",
+    [
+        ("uri", "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2", "http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1"),
+        ("scheme", "http://google.com/post?a=b", "https://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2"),
+        ("host", "https://httpbin.org/post?a=b", "http://google.com/get?p1=q1&p2=q2"),
+        ("path", "https://google.com/get?a=b", "http://httpbin.org/post?p1=q1&p2=q2"),
+        ("query", "https://google.com/get?p2=q2&p1=q1", "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&a=b"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_matchers(httpbin, httpbin_secure, cassette, matcher, matching_uri, not_matching_uri):
+    matching_uri = _replace_httpbin(matching_uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+    not_matching_uri = _replace_httpbin(not_matching_uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+
+    # play cassette with default uri
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=[matcher]) as cass:
+        urlopen(default_uri)
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+    # play cassette with matching on uri
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=[matcher]) as cass:
+        urlopen(matching_uri)
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+    # play cassette with not matching on uri, it should fail
+    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=[matcher]) as cass:
+            urlopen(not_matching_uri)
+
+
+def test_method_matcher(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+
+    # play cassette with matching on method
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=["method"]) as cass:
+        urlopen("https://google.com/get?a=b")
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+    # should fail if method does not match
+    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette, match_on=["method"]) as cass:
+            # is a POST request
+            urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "uri", [DEFAULT_URI, "http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1", "http://httpbin.org/get?p2=q2&p1=q1"]
+)
+def test_default_matcher_matches(cassette, uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    uri = _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cassette) as cass:
+        urlopen(uri)
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "uri",
+    [
+        "https://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&p2=q2",
+        "http://google.com/get?p1=q1&p2=q2",
+        "http://httpbin.org/post?p1=q1&p2=q2",
+        "http://httpbin.org/get?p1=q1&a=b",
+    ],
+)
+def test_default_matcher_does_not_match(cassette, uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    uri = _replace_httpbin(uri, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
+            urlopen(uri)
+
+
+def test_default_matcher_does_not_match_on_method(cassette, httpbin, httpbin_secure):
+    default_uri = _replace_httpbin(DEFAULT_URI, httpbin, httpbin_secure)
+    with pytest.raises(vcr.errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+        with vcr.use_cassette(cassette):
+            # is a POST request
+            urlopen(default_uri, data=b"")

tests/integration/test_multiple.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+import vcr
+
+
+def test_making_extra_request_raises_exception(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    # make two requests in the first request that are considered
+    # identical (since the match is based on method)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json")), match_on=["method"]):
+        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/200")
+        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/201")
+
+    # Now, try to make three requests.  The first two should return the
+    # correct status codes in order, and the third should raise an
+    # exception.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.json")), match_on=["method"]):
+        assert urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/200").getcode() == 200
+        assert urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/201").getcode() == 201
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            urlopen(httpbin.url + "/status/200")

tests/integration/test_proxy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""Test using a proxy."""
+
+import http.server
+import multiprocessing
+import socketserver
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+import vcr
+
+# Conditional imports
+requests = pytest.importorskip("requests")
+
+
+class Proxy(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
+    """
+    Simple proxy server.
+
+    (Inspired by: http://effbot.org/librarybook/simplehttpserver.htm).
+    """
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        upstream_response = urlopen(self.path)
+        try:
+            status = upstream_response.status
+            headers = upstream_response.headers.items()
+        except AttributeError:
+            # In Python 2 the response is an addinfourl instance.
+            status = upstream_response.code
+            headers = upstream_response.info().items()
+        self.send_response(status, upstream_response.msg)
+        for header in headers:
+            self.send_header(*header)
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.copyfile(upstream_response, self.wfile)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def proxy_server():
+    httpd = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("", 0), Proxy)
+    proxy_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=httpd.serve_forever)
+    proxy_process.start()
+    yield "http://{}:{}".format(*httpd.server_address)
+    proxy_process.terminate()
+
+
+def test_use_proxy(tmpdir, httpbin, proxy_server):
+    """Ensure that it works with a proxy."""
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("proxy.yaml"))):
+        response = requests.get(httpbin.url, proxies={"http": proxy_server})
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("proxy.yaml"))) as cassette:
+        cassette_response = requests.get(httpbin.url, proxies={"http": proxy_server})
+
+    assert cassette_response.headers == response.headers
+    assert cassette.play_count == 1

tests/integration/test_record_mode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+import vcr
+
+
+def test_once_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+        # make the same request again
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+        # the first time, it's played from the cassette.
+        # but, try to access something else from the same cassette, and an
+        # exception is raised.
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+
+
+def test_once_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+        # get two of the same file
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+        # do it again
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+
+def test_once_mode_three_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+        # get three of the same file
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+
+def test_new_episodes_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES):
+        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES) as cass:
+        # make the same request again
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+        # all responses have been played
+        assert cass.all_played
+
+        # in the "new_episodes" record mode, we can add more requests to
+        # a cassette without repercussions.
+        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+
+        # one of the responses has been played
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+        # not all responses have been played
+        assert not cass.all_played
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES) as cass:
+        # the cassette should now have 2 responses
+        assert len(cass.responses) == 2
+
+
+def test_new_episodes_record_mode_two_times(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    url = httpbin.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES):
+        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
+        original_first_response = urlopen(url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NEW_EPISODES):
+        # make the same request again
+        assert urlopen(url).read() == original_first_response
+
+        # in the "new_episodes" record mode, we can add the same request
+        # to the cassette without repercussions
+        original_second_response = urlopen(url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ONCE):
+        # make the same request again
+        assert urlopen(url).read() == original_first_response
+        assert urlopen(url).read() == original_second_response
+        # now that we are back in once mode, this should raise
+        # an error.
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            urlopen(url).read()
+
+
+def test_all_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL):
+        # cassette file doesn't exist, so create.
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL) as cass:
+        # make the same request again
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+        # in the "all" record mode, we can add more requests to
+        # a cassette without repercussions.
+        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()
+
+        # The cassette was never actually played, even though it existed.
+        # that's because, in "all" mode, the requests all go directly to
+        # the source and bypass the cassette.
+        assert cass.play_count == 0
+
+
+def test_none_record_mode(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    # Cassette file doesn't exist, yet we are trying to make a request.
+    # raise hell.
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE):
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+
+def test_none_record_mode_with_existing_cassette(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    # create a cassette file
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("recordmode.yml"))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.ALL):
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+    # play from cassette file
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, record_mode=vcr.mode.NONE) as cass:
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+        # but if I try to hit the net, raise an exception.
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            urlopen(httpbin.url + "/get").read()

tests/integration/test_register_matcher.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+import vcr
+
+
+def true_matcher(r1, r2):
+    return True
+
+
+def false_matcher(r1, r2):
+    return False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_registered_true_matcher(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_matcher("true", true_matcher)
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=["true"]):
+        # These 2 different urls are stored as the same request
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url + "/get")
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=["true"]):
+        # I can get the response twice even though I only asked for it once
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_registered_false_matcher(tmpdir, mockbin_request_url):
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_matcher("false", false_matcher)
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(testfile, match_on=["false"]) as cass:
+        # These 2 different urls are stored as different requests
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url)
+        urlopen(mockbin_request_url + "/get")
+        assert len(cass) == 2

tests/integration/test_register_persister.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Tests for cassettes with custom persistence"""
+
+# External imports
+import os
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+# Internal imports
+import vcr
+from vcr.persisters.filesystem import CassetteDecodeError, CassetteNotFoundError, FilesystemPersister
+
+
+class CustomFilesystemPersister:
+    """Behaves just like default FilesystemPersister but adds .test extension
+    to the cassette file"""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer):
+        cassette_path += ".test"
+        return FilesystemPersister.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer):
+        cassette_path += ".test"
+        FilesystemPersister.save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer)
+
+
+class BadPersister(FilesystemPersister):
+    """A bad persister that raises different errors."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer):
+        if "nonexistent" in cassette_path:
+            raise CassetteNotFoundError()
+        elif "encoding" in cassette_path:
+            raise CassetteDecodeError()
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("buggy persister")
+
+
+def test_save_cassette_with_custom_persister(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """Ensure you can save a cassette using custom persister"""
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_persister(CustomFilesystemPersister)
+
+    # Check to make sure directory doesn't exist
+    assert not os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent")))
+
+    # Run VCR to create dir and cassette file using new save_cassette callback
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml"))):
+        urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+
+    # Callback should have made the file and the directory
+    assert os.path.exists(str(tmpdir.join("nonexistent", "cassette.yml.test")))
+
+
+def test_load_cassette_with_custom_persister(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """
+    Ensure you can load a cassette using custom persister
+    """
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_persister(CustomFilesystemPersister)
+
+    test_fixture = str(tmpdir.join("synopsis.json.test"))
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(test_fixture, serializer="json"):
+        response = urlopen(httpbin.url).read()
+        assert b"difficult sometimes" in response
+
+
+def test_load_cassette_persister_exception_handling(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """
+    Ensure expected errors from persister are swallowed while unexpected ones
+    are passed up the call stack.
+    """
+    my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
+    my_vcr.register_persister(BadPersister)
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette("bad/nonexistent") as cass:
+        assert len(cass) == 0
+
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette("bad/encoding") as cass:
+        assert len(cass) == 0
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        with my_vcr.use_cassette("bad/buggy") as cass:
+            pass

tests/integration/test_register_serializer.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-import urllib2
 import vcr
 
 
-class MockSerializer(object):
+class MockSerializer:
     def __init__(self):
         self.serialize_count = 0
         self.deserialize_count = 0
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ class MockSerializer(object):
     def deserialize(self, cassette_string):
         self.serialize_count += 1
         self.cassette_string = cassette_string
-        return ([], [])
+        return {"interactions": []}
 
     def serialize(self, cassette_dict):
         self.deserialize_count += 1
@@ -21,14 +20,13 @@ class MockSerializer(object):
 def test_registered_serializer(tmpdir):
     ms = MockSerializer()
     my_vcr = vcr.VCR()
-    my_vcr.register_serializer('mock', ms)
-    tmpdir.join('test.mock').write('test_data')
-    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.mock')), serializer='mock'):
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
+    my_vcr.register_serializer("mock", ms)
+    tmpdir.join("test.mock").write("test_data")
+    with my_vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.mock")), serializer="mock"):
         # Serializer deserialized once
         assert ms.serialize_count == 1
         # and serialized the test data string
-        assert ms.cassette_string == 'test_data'
+        assert ms.cassette_string == "test_data"
         # and hasn't serialized yet
         assert ms.deserialize_count == 0
 

tests/integration/test_request.py

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
-import urllib2
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
 import vcr
 
 
-def test_recorded_request_url_with_redirected_request(tmpdir):
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('test.yml'))) as cass:
+def test_recorded_request_uri_with_redirected_request(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))) as cass:
         assert len(cass) == 0
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/redirect/3')
-        assert cass.requests[0].url == 'http://httpbin.org/redirect/3'
-        assert cass.requests[3].url == 'http://httpbin.org/get'
+        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/redirect/3")
+        assert cass.requests[0].uri == httpbin.url + "/redirect/3"
+        assert cass.requests[3].uri == httpbin.url + "/get"
         assert len(cass) == 4
+
+
+def test_records_multiple_header_values(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test.yml"))) as cass:
+        assert len(cass) == 0
+        urlopen(httpbin.url + "/response-headers?foo=bar&foo=baz")
+        assert len(cass) == 1
+        assert cass.responses[0]["headers"]["foo"] == ["bar", "baz"]

tests/integration/test_requests.py

@@ -1,119 +1,310 @@
-'''Test requests' interaction with vcr'''
-
-# coding=utf-8
-
-import os
+"""Test requests' interaction with vcr"""
 import pytest
+from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json_bytes
+
 import vcr
-from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_cassette_has_one_response
+
 requests = pytest.importorskip("requests")
+from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError  # noqa E402
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
-def scheme(request):
-    """
-    Fixture that returns both http and https
-    """
-    return request.param
+def test_status_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        status_code = requests.get(url).status_code
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        assert status_code == requests.get(url).status_code
 
 
-def test_status_code(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that we can read the status code'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        assert requests.get(url).status_code == requests.get(url).status_code
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+def test_headers(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
+    url = httpbin_both + "/"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        headers = requests.get(url).headers
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        assert headers == requests.get(url).headers
 
 
-def test_headers(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that we can read the headers back'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        assert requests.get(url).headers == requests.get(url).headers
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+def test_body(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
+    url = httpbin_both + "/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        content = requests.get(url).content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        assert content == requests.get(url).content
 
 
-def test_body(tmpdir, scheme):
-    '''Ensure the responses are all identical enough'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        assert requests.get(url).content == requests.get(url).content
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+def test_get_empty_content_type_json(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure GET with application/json content-type and empty request body doesn't crash"""
+    url = httpbin_both + "/status/200"
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_empty_json.yaml")), match_on=("body",)):
+        status = requests.get(url, headers=headers).status_code
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_empty_json.yaml")), match_on=("body",)):
+        assert status == requests.get(url, headers=headers).status_code
 
 
-def test_auth(tmpdir, scheme):
-    '''Ensure that we can handle basic auth'''
-    auth = ('user', 'passwd')
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
+def test_effective_url(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/redirect-to?url=/html"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))):
+        effective_url = requests.get(url).url
+        assert effective_url == httpbin_both.url + "/html"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))):
+        assert effective_url == requests.get(url).url
+
+
+def test_auth(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
+    auth = ("user", "passwd")
+    url = httpbin_both + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
         one = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
         two = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
         assert one.content == two.content
         assert one.status_code == two.status_code
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
 
 
-def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, scheme):
-    '''Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses'''
-    auth = ('user', 'wrongwrongwrong')
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('auth-failed.yaml'))) as cass:
+def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
+    auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
+    url = httpbin_both + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
         # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
         assert_cassette_empty(cass)
         one = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
         two = requests.get(url, auth=auth)
         assert one.content == two.content
         assert one.status_code == two.status_code == 401
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
 
 
-def test_post(tmpdir, scheme):
-    '''Ensure that we can post and cache the results'''
-    data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('redirect.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
+def test_post(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
+    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    url = httpbin_both + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
         req1 = requests.post(url, data).content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
         req2 = requests.post(url, data).content
-        assert req1 == req2
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+
+    assert req1 == req2
 
 
-def test_redirects(tmpdir, scheme):
-    '''Ensure that we can handle redirects'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/redirect-to?url=bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('redirect.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        assert requests.get(url).content == requests.get(url).content
+def test_post_chunked_binary(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """Ensure that we can send chunked binary without breaking while trying to concatenate bytes with str."""
+    data1 = iter([b"data", b"to", b"send"])
+    data2 = iter([b"data", b"to", b"send"])
+    url = httpbin.url + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+        req1 = requests.post(url, data1).content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+        req2 = requests.post(url, data2).content
+
+    assert req1 == req2
+
+
+def test_redirects(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that we can handle redirects"""
+    url = httpbin_both + "/redirect-to?url=bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+        content = requests.get(url).content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert content == requests.get(url).content
         # Ensure that we've now cached *two* responses. One for the redirect
         # and one for the final fetch
         assert len(cass) == 2
         assert cass.play_count == 2
 
 
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, scheme):
-    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
+def test_raw_stream(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    expected_response = requests.get(httpbin.url, stream=True)
+    expected_content = b"".join(expected_response.raw.stream())
+
+    for _ in range(2):  # one for recording, one for cassette reply
+        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("raw_stream.yaml"))):
+            actual_response = requests.get(httpbin.url, stream=True)
+            actual_content = b"".join(actual_response.raw.stream())
+        assert actual_content == expected_content
+
+
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, httpbin):
+    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
     # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
     # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
     # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        requests.get('https://httpbin.org/')
-        requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+        requests.get(httpbin_secure + "/")
+        requests.get(httpbin + "/")
         assert cass.play_count == 0
         assert len(cass) == 2
+
+
+def test_gzip__decode_compressed_response_false(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """
+    Ensure that requests (actually urllib3) is able to automatically decompress
+    the response body
+    """
+    for _ in range(2):  # one for recording, one for re-playing
+        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+            response = requests.get(httpbin_both + "/gzip")
+            assert response.headers["content-encoding"] == "gzip"  # i.e. not removed
+            assert_is_json_bytes(response.content)  # i.e. uncompressed bytes
+
+
+def test_gzip__decode_compressed_response_true(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    url = httpbin_both + "/gzip"
+
+    expected_response = requests.get(url)
+    expected_content = expected_response.content
+    assert expected_response.headers["content-encoding"] == "gzip"  # self-test
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(
+        str(tmpdir.join("decode_compressed.yaml")), decode_compressed_response=True
+    ) as cassette:
+        r = requests.get(url)
+        assert r.headers["content-encoding"] == "gzip"  # i.e. not removed
+        assert r.content == expected_content
+
+    # Has the cassette body been decompressed?
+    cassette_response_body = cassette.responses[0]["body"]["string"]
+    assert isinstance(cassette_response_body, str)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("decode_compressed.yaml")), decode_compressed_response=True):
+        r = requests.get(url)
+        assert "content-encoding" not in r.headers  # i.e. removed
+        assert r.content == expected_content
+
+
+def test_session_and_connection_close(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    """
+    This tests the issue in https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/48
+
+    If you use a requests.session and the connection is closed, then an
+    exception is raised in the urllib3 module vendored into requests:
+    `AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'settimeout'`
+    """
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("session_connection_closed.yaml"))):
+        session = requests.session()
+
+        session.get(httpbin + "/get", headers={"Connection": "close"})
+        session.get(httpbin + "/get", headers={"Connection": "close"})
+
+
+def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(tmpdir, httpbin_secure):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))):
+        requests.get(httpbin_secure.url, verify=False)
+
+
+def test_session_can_make_requests_after_requests_unpatched(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test_session_after_unpatched.yaml"))):
+        session = requests.session()
+        session.get(httpbin + "/get")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("test_session_after_unpatched.yaml"))):
+        session = requests.session()
+        session.get(httpbin + "/get")
+
+    session.get(httpbin + "/status/200")
+
+
+def test_session_created_before_use_cassette_is_patched(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    url = httpbin_both + "/bytes/1024"
+    # Record arbitrary, random data to the cassette
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("session_created_outside.yaml"))):
+        session = requests.session()
+        body = session.get(url).content
+
+    # Create a session outside of any cassette context manager
+    session = requests.session()
+    # Make a request to make sure that a connectionpool is instantiated
+    session.get(httpbin_both + "/get")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("session_created_outside.yaml"))):
+        # These should only be the same if the patching succeeded.
+        assert session.get(url).content == body
+
+
+def test_nested_cassettes_with_session_created_before_nesting(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """
+    This tests ensures that a session that was created while one cassette was
+    active is patched to the use the responses of a second cassette when it
+    is enabled.
+    """
+    url = httpbin_both + "/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("first_nested.yaml"))):
+        session = requests.session()
+        first_body = session.get(url).content
+        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("second_nested.yaml"))):
+            second_body = session.get(url).content
+            third_body = requests.get(url).content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("second_nested.yaml"))):
+        session = requests.session()
+        assert session.get(url).content == second_body
+        with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("first_nested.yaml"))):
+            assert session.get(url).content == first_body
+        assert session.get(url).content == third_body
+
+    # Make sure that the session can now get content normally.
+    assert "User-agent" in session.get(httpbin_both.url + "/robots.txt").text
+
+
+def test_post_file(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that we handle posting a file."""
+    url = httpbin_both + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_file.yaml"))) as cass, open("tox.ini", "rb") as f:
+        original_response = requests.post(url, f).content
+
+    # This also tests that we do the right thing with matching the body when they are files.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(
+        str(tmpdir.join("post_file.yaml")),
+        match_on=("method", "scheme", "host", "port", "path", "query", "body"),
+    ) as cass:
+        with open("tox.ini", "rb") as f:
+            tox_content = f.read()
+        assert cass.requests[0].body.read() == tox_content
+        with open("tox.ini", "rb") as f:
+            new_response = requests.post(url, f).content
+        assert original_response == new_response
+
+
+def test_filter_post_params(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """
+    This tests the issue in https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/158
+
+    Ensure that a post request made through requests can still be filtered.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_file, filter_post_data_parameters=['id']) as cass:
+        assert b'id=secret' not in cass.requests[0].body
+    """
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    cass_loc = str(tmpdir.join("filter_post_params.yaml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_loc, filter_post_data_parameters=["key"]) as cass:
+        requests.post(url, data={"key": "value"})
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_loc, filter_post_data_parameters=["key"]) as cass:
+        assert b"key=value" not in cass.requests[0].body
+
+
+def test_post_unicode_match_on_body(tmpdir, httpbin_both):
+    """Ensure that matching on POST body that contains Unicode characters works."""
+    data = {"key1": "value1", "●‿●": "٩(●̮̮̃•̃)۶"}
+    url = httpbin_both + "/post"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml")), additional_matchers=("body",)):
+        req1 = requests.post(url, data).content
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml")), additional_matchers=("body",)):
+        req2 = requests.post(url, data).content
+
+    assert req1 == req2

tests/integration/test_stubs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import http.client as httplib
+import json
+import zlib
+
+from assertions import assert_is_json_bytes
+
+import vcr
+
+
+def _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port):
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+    conn.request("GET", "/cookies/set?k1=v1")
+    r1 = conn.getresponse()
+    cookie_data1 = r1.getheader("set-cookie")
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+    conn.request("GET", "/cookies/set?k1=v1")
+    r2 = conn.getresponse()
+    cookie_data2 = r2.getheader("Set-Cookie")
+    return cookie_data1 == cookie_data2
+
+
+def test_case_insensitivity(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("case_insensitivity.yml"))
+    # check if headers are case insensitive outside of vcrpy
+    host, port = httpbin.host, httpbin.port
+    outside = _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        # check if headers are case insensitive inside of vcrpy
+        inside = _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port)
+        # check if headers are case insensitive after vcrpy deserializes headers
+        inside2 = _headers_are_case_insensitive(host, port)
+
+    # behavior should be the same both inside and outside
+    assert outside == inside == inside2
+
+
+def _multiple_header_value(httpbin):
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(httpbin.host, httpbin.port)
+    conn.request("GET", "/response-headers?foo=bar&foo=baz")
+    r = conn.getresponse()
+    return r.getheader("foo")
+
+
+def test_multiple_headers(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("multiple_headers.yaml"))
+    outside = _multiple_header_value(httpbin)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        inside = _multiple_header_value(httpbin)
+
+    assert outside == inside
+
+
+def test_original_decoded_response_is_not_modified(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("decoded_response.yml"))
+    host, port = httpbin.host, httpbin.port
+
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+    conn.request("GET", "/gzip")
+    outside = conn.getresponse()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, decode_compressed_response=True):
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+        conn.request("GET", "/gzip")
+        inside = conn.getresponse()
+
+        # Assert that we do not modify the original response while appending
+        # to the cassette.
+        assert "gzip" == inside.headers["content-encoding"]
+
+        # They should effectively be the same response.
+        inside_headers = (h for h in inside.headers.items() if h[0].lower() != "date")
+        outside_headers = (h for h in outside.getheaders() if h[0].lower() != "date")
+        assert set(inside_headers) == set(outside_headers)
+        inside = zlib.decompress(inside.read(), 16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+        outside = zlib.decompress(outside.read(), 16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+        assert inside == outside
+
+    # Even though the above are raw bytes, the JSON data should have been
+    # decoded and saved to the cassette.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+        conn.request("GET", "/gzip")
+        inside = conn.getresponse()
+
+        assert "content-encoding" not in inside.headers
+        assert_is_json_bytes(inside.read())
+
+
+def _make_before_record_response(fields, replacement="[REDACTED]"):
+    def before_record_response(response):
+        string_body = response["body"]["string"].decode("utf8")
+        body = json.loads(string_body)
+
+        for field in fields:
+            if field in body:
+                body[field] = replacement
+
+        response["body"]["string"] = json.dumps(body).encode()
+        return response
+
+    return before_record_response
+
+
+def test_original_response_is_not_modified_by_before_filter(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("sensitive_data_scrubbed_response.yml"))
+    host, port = httpbin.host, httpbin.port
+    field_to_scrub = "url"
+    replacement = "[YOU_CANT_HAVE_THE_MANGO]"
+
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+    conn.request("GET", "/get")
+    outside = conn.getresponse()
+
+    callback = _make_before_record_response([field_to_scrub], replacement)
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, before_record_response=callback):
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+        conn.request("GET", "/get")
+        inside = conn.getresponse()
+
+        # The scrubbed field should be the same, because no cassette existed.
+        # Furthermore, the responses should be identical.
+        inside_body = json.loads(inside.read().decode("utf-8"))
+        outside_body = json.loads(outside.read().decode("utf-8"))
+        assert not inside_body[field_to_scrub] == replacement
+        assert inside_body[field_to_scrub] == outside_body[field_to_scrub]
+
+    # Ensure that when a cassette exists, the scrubbed response is returned.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, before_record_response=callback):
+        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host, port)
+        conn.request("GET", "/get")
+        inside = conn.getresponse()
+
+        inside_body = json.loads(inside.read().decode("utf-8"))
+        assert inside_body[field_to_scrub] == replacement

tests/integration/test_tornado.py

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+"""Test requests' interaction with vcr"""
+
+import json
+
+import pytest
+from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json_bytes
+
+import vcr
+from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
+
+tornado = pytest.importorskip("tornado")
+http = pytest.importorskip("tornado.httpclient")
+
+# whether the current version of Tornado supports the raise_error argument for
+# fetch().
+supports_raise_error = tornado.version_info >= (4,)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=["simple", "curl", "default"])
+def get_client(request):
+    if request.param == "simple":
+        from tornado import simple_httpclient as simple
+
+        return lambda: simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient()
+    elif request.param == "curl":
+        curl = pytest.importorskip("tornado.curl_httpclient")
+        return lambda: curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient()
+    else:
+        return lambda: http.AsyncHTTPClient()
+
+
+def get(client, url, **kwargs):
+    fetch_kwargs = {}
+    if supports_raise_error:
+        fetch_kwargs["raise_error"] = kwargs.pop("raise_error", True)
+
+    return client.fetch(http.HTTPRequest(url, method="GET", **kwargs), **fetch_kwargs)
+
+
+def post(client, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    if data:
+        kwargs["body"] = json.dumps(data)
+    return client.fetch(http.HTTPRequest(url, method="POST", **kwargs))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_status_code(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        status_code = (yield get(get_client(), url)).code
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert status_code == (yield get(get_client(), url)).code
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_headers(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        headers = (yield get(get_client(), url)).headers
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert headers == (yield get(get_client(), url)).headers
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_body(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
+
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        content = (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert content == (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_effective_url(get_client, scheme, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+    url = scheme + "://mockbin.org/redirect/301?url=/html"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))):
+        effective_url = (yield get(get_client(), url)).effective_url
+        assert effective_url == scheme + "://mockbin.org/redirect/301/0"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("url.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert effective_url == (yield get(get_client(), url)).effective_url
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_auth(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
+    auth = ("user", "passwd")
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+        one = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))) as cass:
+        two = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+        assert one.body == two.body
+        assert one.code == two.code
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_auth_failed(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
+    auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
+        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
+        with pytest.raises(http.HTTPError) as exc_info:
+            yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+        one = exc_info.value.response
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 401
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+        with pytest.raises(http.HTTPError) as exc_info:
+            two = yield get(get_client(), url, auth_username=auth[0], auth_password=auth[1])
+        two = exc_info.value.response
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 401
+        assert one.body == two.body
+        assert one.code == two.code == 401
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_post(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
+    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+        req1 = (yield post(get_client(), url, data)).body
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))) as cass:
+        req2 = (yield post(get_client(), url, data)).body
+
+    assert req1 == req2
+    assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_redirects(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """Ensure that we can handle redirects"""
+    url = scheme + "://mockbin.org/redirect/301?url=bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))):
+        content = (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("requests.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert content == (yield get(get_client(), url)).body
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_cross_scheme(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
+    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
+    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/")
+        assert cass.play_count == 0
+        assert len(cass) == 2
+
+    # Then repeat the same requests and ensure both were replayed.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org/")
+        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/")
+        assert cass.play_count == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_gzip(get_client, tmpdir, scheme):
+    """
+    Ensure that httpclient is able to automatically decompress the response
+    body
+    """
+    url = scheme + "://httpbin.org/gzip"
+
+    # use_gzip was renamed to decompress_response in 4.0
+    kwargs = {}
+    if tornado.version_info < (4,):
+        kwargs["use_gzip"] = True
+    else:
+        kwargs["decompress_response"] = True
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+        response = yield get(get_client(), url, **kwargs)
+        assert_is_json_bytes(response.body)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))) as cass:
+        response = yield get(get_client(), url, **kwargs)
+        assert_is_json_bytes(response.body)
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
+    cass_path = str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_path):
+        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org", validate_cert=False)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(cass_path) as cass:
+        yield get(get_client(), "https://httpbin.org", validate_cert=False)
+        assert 1 == cass.play_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_unsupported_features_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
+    supported is raised inside the future."""
+
+    def callback(chunk):
+        assert False, "Did not expect to be called."
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("invalid.yaml"))):
+        future = get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org", streaming_callback=callback)
+
+    with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
+        yield future
+
+    assert "not yet supported by VCR" in str(excinfo)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not supports_raise_error, reason="raise_error unavailable in tornado <= 3")
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_unsupported_features_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that the exception for an AsyncHTTPClient feature not being
+    supported is not raised if raise_error=False."""
+
+    def callback(chunk):
+        assert False, "Did not expect to be called."
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("invalid.yaml"))):
+        response = yield get(
+            get_client(), "http://httpbin.org", streaming_callback=callback, raise_error=False
+        )
+
+    assert "not yet supported by VCR" in str(response.error)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raises_in_future(get_client, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is raised inside
+    the future."""
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/get")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+        future = get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/headers")
+
+    with pytest.raises(CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException):
+        yield future
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not supports_raise_error, reason="raise_error unavailable in tornado <= 3")
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_cannot_overwrite_cassette_raise_error_disabled(get_client, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException is not raised if
+    raise_error=False in the fetch() call."""
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/get", raise_error=False)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("overwrite.yaml"))):
+        response = yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/headers", raise_error=False)
+
+    assert isinstance(response.error, CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+@vcr.use_cassette(path_transformer=vcr.default_vcr.ensure_suffix(".yaml"))
+def test_tornado_with_decorator_use_cassette(get_client):
+    response = yield get_client().fetch(http.HTTPRequest("http://www.google.com/", method="GET"))
+    assert response.body.decode("utf-8") == "not actually google"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+@vcr.use_cassette(path_transformer=vcr.default_vcr.ensure_suffix(".yaml"))
+def test_tornado_exception_can_be_caught(get_client):
+    try:
+        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/status/500")
+    except http.HTTPError as e:
+        assert e.code == 500
+
+    try:
+        yield get(get_client(), "http://httpbin.org/status/404")
+    except http.HTTPError as e:
+        assert e.code == 404
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_existing_references_get_patched(tmpdir):
+    from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
+        client = AsyncHTTPClient()
+        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_existing_instances_get_patched(get_client, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that existing instances of AsyncHTTPClient get patched upon
+    entering VCR context."""
+
+    client = get_client()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
+        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.gen_test
+def test_request_time_is_set(get_client, tmpdir):
+    """Ensures that the request_time on HTTPResponses is set."""
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))):
+        client = get_client()
+        response = yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        assert response.request_time is not None
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        client = get_client()
+        response = yield get(client, "http://httpbin.org/get")
+        assert response.request_time is not None
+        assert cass.play_count == 1

tests/integration/test_tornado_exception_can_be_caught.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: null
+    headers: {}
+    method: GET
+    uri: http://httpbin.org/status/500
+  response:
+    body: {string: !!python/unicode ''}
+    headers:
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Content-Length
+      - ['0']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Server
+      - [nginx]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Connection
+      - [close]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Access-Control-Allow-Credentials
+      - ['true']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Date
+      - ['Thu, 30 Jul 2015 17:32:39 GMT']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Access-Control-Allow-Origin
+      - ['*']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Content-Type
+      - [text/html; charset=utf-8]
+    status: {code: 500, message: INTERNAL SERVER ERROR}
+- request:
+    body: null
+    headers: {}
+    method: GET
+    uri: http://httpbin.org/status/404
+  response:
+    body: {string: !!python/unicode ''}
+    headers:
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Content-Length
+      - ['0']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Server
+      - [nginx]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Connection
+      - [close]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Access-Control-Allow-Credentials
+      - ['true']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Date
+      - ['Thu, 30 Jul 2015 17:32:39 GMT']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Access-Control-Allow-Origin
+      - ['*']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Content-Type
+      - [text/html; charset=utf-8]
+    status: {code: 404, message: NOT FOUND}
+version: 1

tests/integration/test_tornado_with_decorator_use_cassette.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: null
+    headers: {}
+    method: GET
+    uri: http://www.google.com/
+  response:
+    body: {string: !!python/unicode 'not actually google'}
+    headers:
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Expires
+      - ['-1']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Connection
+      - [close]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - P3p
+      - ['CP="This is not a P3P policy! See http://www.google.com/support/accounts/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=151657
+          for more info."']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Alternate-Protocol
+      - ['80:quic,p=0']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Accept-Ranges
+      - [none]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - X-Xss-Protection
+      - [1; mode=block]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Vary
+      - [Accept-Encoding]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Date
+      - ['Thu, 30 Jul 2015 08:41:40 GMT']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Cache-Control
+      - ['private, max-age=0']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Content-Type
+      - [text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Set-Cookie
+      - ['PREF=ID=1111111111111111:FF=0:TM=1438245700:LM=1438245700:V=1:S=GAzVO0ALebSpC_cJ;
+          expires=Sat, 29-Jul-2017 08:41:40 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com', 'NID=69=Br7oRAwgmKoK__HC6FEnuxglTFDmFxqP6Md63lKhzW1w6WkDbp3U90CDxnUKvDP6wJH8yxY5Lk5ZnFf66Q1B0d4OsYoKgq0vjfBAYXuCIAWtOuGZEOsFXanXs7pt2Mjx;
+          expires=Fri, 29-Jan-2016 08:41:40 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly']
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - X-Frame-Options
+      - [SAMEORIGIN]
+    - !!python/tuple
+      - Server
+      - [gws]
+    status: {code: 200, message: OK}
+version: 1

tests/integration/test_urllib2.py

@@ -1,128 +1,146 @@
-'''Integration tests with urllib2'''
-# coding=utf-8
+"""Integration tests with urllib2"""
 
-# External imports
-import os
-import urllib2
-from urllib import urlencode
-import pytest
+import ssl
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest_httpbin.certs
+from assertions import assert_cassette_has_one_response
+from pytest import mark
 
 # Internal imports
 import vcr
 
-from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_cassette_has_one_response
+
+def urlopen_with_cafile(*args, **kwargs):
+    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=pytest_httpbin.certs.where())
+    context.check_hostname = False
+    kwargs["context"] = context
+    try:
+        return urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
+    except TypeError:
+        # python2/pypi don't let us override this
+        del kwargs["cafile"]
+        return urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=["https", "http"])
-def scheme(request):
-    """
-    Fixture that returns both http and https
-    """
-    return request.param
+def test_response_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        code = urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        assert code == urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
 
 
-def test_response_code(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure we can read a response code from a fetch'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        assert urllib2.urlopen(url).getcode() == urllib2.urlopen(url).getcode()
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+def test_random_body(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        body = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        assert body == urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
 
 
-def test_random_body(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure we can read the content, and that it's served from cache'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('body.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        assert urllib2.urlopen(url).read() == urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+def test_response_headers(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure we can get information from the response"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        open1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).info().items()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        open2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).info().items()
+
+        assert sorted(open1) == sorted(open2)
 
 
-def test_response_headers(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure we can get information from the response'''
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('headers.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        open1 = urllib2.urlopen(url).info().items()
-        open2 = urllib2.urlopen(url).info().items()
-        assert open1 == open2
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+@mark.online
+def test_effective_url(tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that the effective_url is captured"""
+    url = "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        effective_url = urlopen_with_cafile(url).geturl()
+        assert effective_url == "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301/0"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        assert effective_url == urlopen_with_cafile(url).geturl()
 
 
-def test_multiple_requests(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that we can cache multiple requests'''
-    urls = [
-        scheme + '://httpbin.org/',
-        scheme + '://httpbin.org/get',
-        scheme + '://httpbin.org/bytes/1024'
-    ]
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('multiple.yaml'))) as cass:
-        for index in range(len(urls)):
-            url = urls[index]
-            assert len(cass) == index
-            assert cass.play_count == index
-            assert urllib2.urlopen(url).read() == urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
-            assert len(cass) == index + 1
-            assert cass.play_count == index + 1
+def test_multiple_requests(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that we can cache multiple requests"""
+    urls = [httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url, httpbin_both.url + "/get", httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"]
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("multiple.yaml"))) as cass:
+        [urlopen_with_cafile(url) for url in urls]
+    assert len(cass) == len(urls)
 
 
-def test_get_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that it works with query data'''
-    data = urlencode({'some': 1, 'data': 'here'})
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/get?' + data
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('get_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-    # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        res1 = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
-        res2 = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
-        assert res1 == res2
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
+def test_get_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that it works with query data"""
+    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"})
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/get?" + data
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("get_data.yaml"))):
+        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url).read()
+    assert res1 == res2
+
+
+def test_post_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that it works when posting data"""
+    data = urlencode({"some": 1, "data": "here"}).encode("utf-8")
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
         assert len(cass) == 1
-        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+    assert res1 == res2
+    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
 
 
-def test_post_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that it works when posting data'''
-    data = urlencode({'some': 1, 'data': 'here'})
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        res1 = urllib2.urlopen(url, data).read()
-        res2 = urllib2.urlopen(url, data).read()
-        assert res1 == res2
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
+def test_post_unicode_data(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Ensure that it works when posting unicode data"""
+    data = urlencode({"snowman": "☃".encode()}).encode("utf-8")
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))):
+        res1 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("post_data.yaml"))) as cass:
+        res2 = urlopen_with_cafile(url, data).read()
+        assert len(cass) == 1
+
+    assert res1 == res2
+    assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
 
 
-def test_post_unicode_data(scheme, tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that it works when posting unicode data'''
-    data = urlencode({'snowman': u'☃'.encode('utf-8')})
-    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/post'
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('post_data.yaml'))) as cass:
-        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
-        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
-        res1 = urllib2.urlopen(url, data).read()
-        res2 = urllib2.urlopen(url, data).read()
-        assert res1 == res2
-        # Ensure that we've now cached a single response
-        assert_cassette_has_one_response(cass)
-
-
-def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir):
-    '''Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately'''
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, httpbin):
+    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
     # First fetch a url under https, and then again under https and then
     # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
     # requests / response pairs in the cassette
-    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('cross_scheme.yaml'))) as cass:
-        urllib2.urlopen('https://httpbin.org/')
-        urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+        urlopen_with_cafile(httpbin_secure.url)
+        urlopen_with_cafile(httpbin.url)
         assert len(cass) == 2
         assert cass.play_count == 0
+
+
+def test_decorator(httpbin_both, tmpdir):
+    """Test the decorator version of VCR.py"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    def inner1():
+        return urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml")))
+    def inner2():
+        return urlopen_with_cafile(url).getcode()
+
+    assert inner1() == inner2()

tests/integration/test_urllib3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""Integration tests with urllib3"""
+
+# coding=utf-8
+
+import pytest
+import pytest_httpbin
+from assertions import assert_cassette_empty, assert_is_json_bytes
+
+import vcr
+from vcr.patch import force_reset
+from vcr.stubs.compat import get_headers
+
+urllib3 = pytest.importorskip("urllib3")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def verify_pool_mgr():
+    return urllib3.PoolManager(
+        cert_reqs="CERT_REQUIRED", ca_certs=pytest_httpbin.certs.where()  # Force certificate check.
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def pool_mgr():
+    return urllib3.PoolManager(cert_reqs="CERT_NONE")
+
+
+def test_status_code(httpbin_both, tmpdir, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that we can read the status code"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        status_code = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).status
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("atts.yaml"))):
+        assert status_code == verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).status
+
+
+def test_headers(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that we can read the headers back"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        headers = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).headers
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("headers.yaml"))):
+        new_headers = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).headers
+        assert sorted(get_headers(headers)) == sorted(get_headers(new_headers))
+
+
+def test_body(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure the responses are all identical enough"""
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/bytes/1024"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        content = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("body.yaml"))):
+        assert content == verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+
+
+def test_auth(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that we can handle basic auth"""
+    auth = ("user", "passwd")
+    headers = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth="{}:{}".format(*auth))
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+        one = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth.yaml"))):
+        two = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        assert one.data == two.data
+        assert one.status == two.status
+
+
+def test_auth_failed(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that we can save failed auth statuses"""
+    auth = ("user", "wrongwrongwrong")
+    headers = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth="{}:{}".format(*auth))
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/basic-auth/user/passwd"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("auth-failed.yaml"))) as cass:
+        # Ensure that this is empty to begin with
+        assert_cassette_empty(cass)
+        one = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        two = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
+        assert one.data == two.data
+        assert one.status == two.status == 401
+
+
+def test_post(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that we can post and cache the results"""
+    data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/post"
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))):
+        req1 = verify_pool_mgr.request("POST", url, data).data
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))):
+        req2 = verify_pool_mgr.request("POST", url, data).data
+
+    assert req1 == req2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_redirects(tmpdir, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that we can handle redirects"""
+    url = "http://mockbin.org/redirect/301"
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))):
+        content = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("verify_pool_mgr.yaml"))) as cass:
+        assert content == verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url).data
+        # Ensure that we've now cached *two* responses. One for the redirect
+        # and one for the final fetch
+
+    assert len(cass) == 2
+    assert cass.play_count == 2
+
+
+def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir, httpbin, httpbin_secure, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """Ensure that requests between schemes are treated separately"""
+    # First fetch a url under http, and then again under https and then
+    # ensure that we haven't served anything out of cache, and we have two
+    # requests / response pairs in the cassette
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cross_scheme.yaml"))) as cass:
+        verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", httpbin_secure.url)
+        verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", httpbin.url)
+        assert cass.play_count == 0
+        assert len(cass) == 2
+
+
+def test_gzip(tmpdir, httpbin_both, verify_pool_mgr):
+    """
+    Ensure that requests (actually urllib3) is able to automatically decompress
+    the response body
+    """
+    url = httpbin_both.url + "/gzip"
+    response = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+        response = verify_pool_mgr.request("GET", url)
+        assert_is_json_bytes(response.data)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("gzip.yaml"))):
+        assert_is_json_bytes(response.data)
+
+
+def test_https_with_cert_validation_disabled(tmpdir, httpbin_secure, pool_mgr):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("cert_validation_disabled.yaml"))):
+        pool_mgr.request("GET", httpbin_secure.url)
+
+
+def test_urllib3_force_reset():
+    conn = urllib3.connection
+    http_original = conn.HTTPConnection
+    https_original = conn.HTTPSConnection
+    verified_https_original = conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
+    with vcr.use_cassette(path="test"):
+        first_cassette_HTTPConnection = conn.HTTPConnection
+        first_cassette_HTTPSConnection = conn.HTTPSConnection
+        first_cassette_VerifiedHTTPSConnection = conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
+        with force_reset():
+            assert conn.HTTPConnection is http_original
+            assert conn.HTTPSConnection is https_original
+            assert conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection is verified_https_original
+        assert conn.HTTPConnection is first_cassette_HTTPConnection
+        assert conn.HTTPSConnection is first_cassette_HTTPSConnection
+        assert conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection is first_cassette_VerifiedHTTPSConnection

tests/integration/test_wild.py

@@ -1,17 +1,110 @@
+import http.client as httplib
+import multiprocessing
+from xmlrpc.client import ServerProxy
+from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
+
 import pytest
+
 requests = pytest.importorskip("requests")
 
-import vcr
+import vcr  # NOQA
 
 
 def test_domain_redirect():
-    '''Ensure that redirects across domains are considered unique'''
+    """Ensure that redirects across domains are considered unique"""
     # In this example, seomoz.org redirects to moz.com, and if those
     # requests are considered identical, then we'll be stuck in a redirect
     # loop.
-    url = 'http://seomoz.org/'
-    with vcr.use_cassette('tests/fixtures/wild/domain_redirect.yaml') as cass:
-        requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': 'vcrpy-test'})
+    url = "http://seomoz.org/"
+    with vcr.use_cassette("tests/fixtures/wild/domain_redirect.yaml") as cass:
+        requests.get(url, headers={"User-Agent": "vcrpy-test"})
         # Ensure that we've now served two responses. One for the original
         # redirect, and a second for the actual fetch
         assert len(cass) == 2
+
+
+def test_flickr_multipart_upload(httpbin, tmpdir):
+    """
+    The python-flickr-api project does a multipart
+    upload that confuses vcrpy
+    """
+
+    def _pretend_to_be_flickr_library():
+        content_type, body = "text/plain", "HELLO WORLD"
+        h = httplib.HTTPConnection(httpbin.host, httpbin.port)
+        headers = {"Content-Type": content_type, "content-length": str(len(body))}
+        h.request("POST", "/post/", headers=headers)
+        h.send(body)
+        r = h.getresponse()
+        data = r.read()
+        h.close()
+
+        return data
+
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("flickr.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
+        _pretend_to_be_flickr_library()
+        assert len(cass) == 1
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile) as cass:
+        assert len(cass) == 1
+        _pretend_to_be_flickr_library()
+        assert cass.play_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_flickr_should_respond_with_200(tmpdir):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("flickr.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        r = requests.post("https://api.flickr.com/services/upload", verify=False)
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_cookies(tmpdir, httpbin):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join("cookies.yml"))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        s = requests.Session()
+        s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies/set?k1=v1&k2=v2")
+        assert s.cookies.keys() == ["k1", "k2"]
+
+        r2 = s.get(httpbin.url + "/cookies")
+        assert sorted(r2.json()["cookies"].keys()) == ["k1", "k2"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_amazon_doctype(tmpdir):
+    # amazon gzips its homepage.  For some reason, in requests 2.7, it's not
+    # getting gunzipped.
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("amz.yml"))):
+        r = requests.get("http://www.amazon.com", verify=False)
+    assert "html" in r.text
+
+
+def start_rpc_server(q):
+    httpd = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+    httpd.register_function(pow)
+    q.put("http://{}:{}".format(*httpd.server_address))
+    httpd.serve_forever()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def rpc_server():
+    q = multiprocessing.Queue()
+    proxy_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=start_rpc_server, args=(q,))
+    try:
+        proxy_process.start()
+        yield q.get()
+    finally:
+        proxy_process.terminate()
+
+
+def test_xmlrpclib(tmpdir, rpc_server):
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("xmlrpcvideo.yaml"))):
+        roundup_server = ServerProxy(rpc_server, allow_none=True)
+        original_schema = roundup_server.pow(2, 4)
+
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join("xmlrpcvideo.yaml"))):
+        roundup_server = ServerProxy(rpc_server, allow_none=True)
+        second_schema = roundup_server.pow(2, 4)
+
+    assert original_schema == second_schema

tests/unit/test_cassettes.py

@@ -1,64 +1,409 @@
+import contextlib
+import copy
+import http.client as httplib
+import inspect
+import os
+from unittest import mock
+
 import pytest
 import yaml
+
 from vcr.cassette import Cassette
+from vcr.errors import UnhandledHTTPRequestError
+from vcr.patch import force_reset
+from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
 
 
 def test_cassette_load(tmpdir):
-    a_file = tmpdir.join('test_cassette.yml')
-    a_file.write(yaml.dump([
-        {'request': 'foo', 'response': 'bar'}
-    ]))
-    a_cassette = Cassette.load(str(a_file))
+    a_file = tmpdir.join("test_cassette.yml")
+    a_file.write(
+        yaml.dump(
+            {
+                "interactions": [
+                    {"request": {"body": "", "uri": "foo", "method": "GET", "headers": {}}, "response": "bar"}
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    a_cassette = Cassette.load(path=str(a_file))
     assert len(a_cassette) == 1
 
 
+def test_cassette_load_nonexistent():
+    a_cassette = Cassette.load(path="something/nonexistent.yml")
+    assert len(a_cassette) == 0
+
+
+def test_cassette_load_invalid_encoding(tmpdir):
+    a_file = tmpdir.join("invalid_encoding.yml")
+    with open(a_file, "wb") as fd:
+        fd.write(b"\xda")
+    a_cassette = Cassette.load(path=str(a_file))
+    assert len(a_cassette) == 0
+
+
 def test_cassette_not_played():
-    a = Cassette('test')
+    a = Cassette("test")
     assert not a.play_count
 
 
-def test_cassette_played():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.mark_played('foo')
-    a.mark_played('foo')
-    assert a.play_count == 2
-
-
-def test_cassette_play_counter():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.mark_played('foo')
-    a.mark_played('bar')
-    assert a.play_counts['foo'] == 1
-    assert a.play_counts['bar'] == 1
-
-
 def test_cassette_append():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert a.requests == ['foo']
-    assert a.responses == ['bar']
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    assert a.requests == ["foo"]
+    assert a.responses == ["bar"]
 
 
 def test_cassette_len():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    a.append('foo2', 'bar2')
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append("foo2", "bar2")
     assert len(a) == 2
 
 
+def _mock_requests_match(request1, request2, matchers):
+    return request1 == request2
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_contains():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert 'foo' in a
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    assert "foo" in a
 
 
-def test_cassette_response_of():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert a.response_of('foo') == 'bar'
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+def test_cassette_responses_of():
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    assert a.responses_of("foo") == ["bar"]
 
 
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_get_missing_response():
-    a = Cassette('test')
-    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        a.response_of('foo')
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError):
+        a.responses_of("foo")
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+def test_cassette_cant_read_same_request_twice():
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.play_response("foo")
+    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError):
+        a.play_response("foo")
+
+
+def make_get_request():
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
+    conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
+    return conn.getresponse()
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", return_value=True)
+@mock.patch(
+    "vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.load_cassette",
+    classmethod(lambda *args, **kwargs: (("foo",), (mock.MagicMock(),))),
+)
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for", return_value=True)
+@mock.patch("vcr.stubs.VCRHTTPResponse")
+def test_function_decorated_with_use_cassette_can_be_invoked_multiple_times(*args):
+    decorated_function = Cassette.use(path="test")(make_get_request)
+    for i in range(4):
+        decorated_function()
+
+
+def test_arg_getter_functionality():
+    arg_getter = mock.Mock(return_value={"path": "test"})
+    context_decorator = Cassette.use_arg_getter(arg_getter)
+
+    with context_decorator as cassette:
+        assert cassette._path == "test"
+
+    arg_getter.return_value = {"path": "other"}
+
+    with context_decorator as cassette:
+        assert cassette._path == "other"
+
+    arg_getter.return_value = {"path": "other", "filter_headers": ("header_name",)}
+
+    @context_decorator
+    def function():
+        pass
+
+    with mock.patch.object(Cassette, "load", return_value=mock.MagicMock(inject=False)) as cassette_load:
+        function()
+        cassette_load.assert_called_once_with(**arg_getter.return_value)
+
+
+def test_cassette_not_all_played():
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    assert not a.all_played
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+def test_cassette_all_played():
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.play_response("foo")
+    assert a.all_played
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+def test_cassette_allow_playback_repeats():
+    a = Cassette("test", allow_playback_repeats=True)
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.append("other", "resp")
+    for x in range(10):
+        assert a.play_response("foo") == "bar"
+    assert a.play_count == 10
+    assert a.all_played is False
+    assert a.play_response("other") == "resp"
+    assert a.play_count == 11
+    assert a.all_played
+
+    a.allow_playback_repeats = False
+    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError) as e:
+        a.play_response("foo")
+    assert str(e.value) == "\"The cassette ('test') doesn't contain the request ('foo') asked for\""
+    a.rewind()
+    assert a.all_played is False
+    assert a.play_response("foo") == "bar"
+    assert a.all_played is False
+    assert a.play_response("other") == "resp"
+    assert a.all_played
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+def test_cassette_rewound():
+    a = Cassette("test")
+    a.append("foo", "bar")
+    a.play_response("foo")
+    assert a.all_played
+
+    a.rewind()
+    assert not a.all_played
+
+
+def test_before_record_response():
+    before_record_response = mock.Mock(return_value="mutated")
+    cassette = Cassette("test", before_record_response=before_record_response)
+    cassette.append("req", "res")
+
+    before_record_response.assert_called_once_with("res")
+    assert cassette.responses[0] == "mutated"
+
+
+def assert_get_response_body_is(value):
+    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
+    conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
+    assert conn.getresponse().read().decode("utf8") == value
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.requests_match", _mock_requests_match)
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for", return_value=True)
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette._save", return_value=True)
+def test_nesting_cassette_context_managers(*args):
+    first_response = {
+        "body": {"string": b"first_response"},
+        "headers": {},
+        "status": {"message": "m", "code": 200},
+    }
+
+    second_response = copy.deepcopy(first_response)
+    second_response["body"]["string"] = b"second_response"
+
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+        first_cassette = exit_stack.enter_context(Cassette.use(path="test"))
+        exit_stack.enter_context(
+            mock.patch.object(first_cassette, "play_response", return_value=first_response)
+        )
+        assert_get_response_body_is("first_response")
+
+        # Make sure a second cassette can supersede the first
+        with Cassette.use(path="test") as second_cassette:
+            with mock.patch.object(second_cassette, "play_response", return_value=second_response):
+                assert_get_response_body_is("second_response")
+
+        # Now the first cassette should be back in effect
+        assert_get_response_body_is("first_response")
+
+
+def test_nesting_context_managers_by_checking_references_of_http_connection():
+    original = httplib.HTTPConnection
+    with Cassette.use(path="test"):
+        first_cassette_HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTPConnection
+        with Cassette.use(path="test"):
+            second_cassette_HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTPConnection
+            assert second_cassette_HTTPConnection is not first_cassette_HTTPConnection
+            with Cassette.use(path="test"):
+                assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not second_cassette_HTTPConnection
+                with force_reset():
+                    assert httplib.HTTPConnection is original
+            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is second_cassette_HTTPConnection
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is first_cassette_HTTPConnection
+
+
+def test_custom_patchers():
+    class Test:
+        attribute = None
+
+    with Cassette.use(path="custom_patches", custom_patches=((Test, "attribute", VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
+        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
+        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
+        old_attribute = Test.attribute
+
+        with Cassette.use(path="custom_patches", custom_patches=((Test, "attribute", VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
+            assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
+            assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
+            assert Test.attribute is not old_attribute
+
+        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
+        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
+        assert Test.attribute is old_attribute
+
+
+def test_decorated_functions_are_reentrant():
+    info = {"second": False}
+    original_conn = httplib.HTTPConnection
+
+    @Cassette.use(path="whatever", inject=True)
+    def test_function(cassette):
+        if info["second"]:
+            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not info["first_conn"]
+        else:
+            info["first_conn"] = httplib.HTTPConnection
+            info["second"] = True
+            test_function()
+            assert httplib.HTTPConnection is info["first_conn"]
+
+    test_function()
+    assert httplib.HTTPConnection is original_conn
+
+
+def test_cassette_use_called_without_path_uses_function_to_generate_path():
+    @Cassette.use(inject=True)
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == "function_name"
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_path_transformer_with_function_path():
+    def path_transformer(path):
+        return os.path.join("a", path)
+
+    @Cassette.use(inject=True, path_transformer=path_transformer)
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join("a", "function_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_path_transformer_with_context_manager():
+    with Cassette.use(path="b", path_transformer=lambda *args: "a") as cassette:
+        assert cassette._path == "a"
+
+
+def test_path_transformer_None():
+    with Cassette.use(path="a", path_transformer=None) as cassette:
+        assert cassette._path == "a"
+
+
+def test_func_path_generator():
+    def generator(function):
+        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(function)), function.__name__)
+
+    @Cassette.use(inject=True, func_path_generator=generator)
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "function_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_use_as_decorator_on_coroutine():
+    original_http_connection = httplib.HTTPConnection
+
+    @Cassette.use(inject=True)
+    def test_function(cassette):
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        value = yield 1
+        assert value == 1
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        value = yield 2
+        assert value == 2
+
+    coroutine = test_function()
+    value = next(coroutine)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            value = coroutine.send(value)
+        except StopIteration:
+            break
+
+
+def test_use_as_decorator_on_generator():
+    original_http_connection = httplib.HTTPConnection
+
+    @Cassette.use(inject=True)
+    def test_function(cassette):
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        yield 1
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette is cassette
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection is not original_http_connection
+        yield 2
+
+    assert list(test_function()) == [1, 2]
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.get_matchers_results")
+def test_find_requests_with_most_matches_one_similar_request(mock_get_matchers_results):
+    mock_get_matchers_results.side_effect = [
+        (["method"], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+        (["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+        ([], [("method", "failed : method"), ("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+    ]
+
+    cassette = Cassette("test")
+    for request in range(1, 4):
+        cassette.append(request, "response")
+    result = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches("fake request")
+    assert result == [(2, ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")])]
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.get_matchers_results")
+def test_find_requests_with_most_matches_no_similar_requests(mock_get_matchers_results):
+    mock_get_matchers_results.side_effect = [
+        ([], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+        ([], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+        ([], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+    ]
+
+    cassette = Cassette("test")
+    for request in range(1, 4):
+        cassette.append(request, "response")
+    result = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches("fake request")
+    assert result == []
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.get_matchers_results")
+def test_find_requests_with_most_matches_many_similar_requests(mock_get_matchers_results):
+    mock_get_matchers_results.side_effect = [
+        (["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+        (["method"], [("path", "failed : path"), ("query", "failed : query")]),
+        (["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+    ]
+
+    cassette = Cassette("test")
+    for request in range(1, 4):
+        cassette.append(request, "response")
+    result = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches("fake request")
+    assert result == [
+        (1, ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+        (3, ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+    ]

tests/unit/test_errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from vcr import errors
+from vcr.cassette import Cassette
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "most_matches, expected_message",
+    [
+        # No request match found
+        ([], "No similar requests, that have not been played, found."),
+        # One matcher failed
+        (
+            [("similar request", ["method", "path"], [("query", "failed : query")])],
+            "Found 1 similar requests with 1 different matcher(s) :\n"
+            "\n1 - ('similar request').\n"
+            "Matchers succeeded : ['method', 'path']\n"
+            "Matchers failed :\n"
+            "query - assertion failure :\n"
+            "failed : query\n",
+        ),
+        # Multiple failed matchers
+        (
+            [("similar request", ["method"], [("query", "failed : query"), ("path", "failed : path")])],
+            "Found 1 similar requests with 2 different matcher(s) :\n"
+            "\n1 - ('similar request').\n"
+            "Matchers succeeded : ['method']\n"
+            "Matchers failed :\n"
+            "query - assertion failure :\n"
+            "failed : query\n"
+            "path - assertion failure :\n"
+            "failed : path\n",
+        ),
+        # Multiple similar requests
+        (
+            [
+                ("similar request", ["method"], [("query", "failed : query")]),
+                ("similar request 2", ["method"], [("query", "failed : query 2")]),
+            ],
+            "Found 2 similar requests with 1 different matcher(s) :\n"
+            "\n1 - ('similar request').\n"
+            "Matchers succeeded : ['method']\n"
+            "Matchers failed :\n"
+            "query - assertion failure :\n"
+            "failed : query\n"
+            "\n2 - ('similar request 2').\n"
+            "Matchers succeeded : ['method']\n"
+            "Matchers failed :\n"
+            "query - assertion failure :\n"
+            "failed : query 2\n",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException_get_message(
+    mock_find_requests_with_most_matches, most_matches, expected_message
+):
+    mock_find_requests_with_most_matches.return_value = most_matches
+    cassette = Cassette("path")
+    failed_request = "request"
+    exception_message = errors.CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException._get_message(cassette, "request")
+    expected = (
+        "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in your current record mode (%r).\n"
+        "No match for the request (%r) was found.\n"
+        "%s" % (cassette._path, cassette.record_mode, failed_request, expected_message)
+    )
+    assert exception_message == expected

tests/unit/test_filters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+import gzip
+import json
+import zlib
+from io import BytesIO
+from unittest import mock
+
+from vcr.filters import (
+    decode_response,
+    remove_headers,
+    remove_post_data_parameters,
+    remove_query_parameters,
+    replace_headers,
+    replace_post_data_parameters,
+    replace_query_parameters,
+)
+from vcr.request import Request
+
+
+def test_replace_headers():
+    # This tests all of:
+    #   1. keeping a header
+    #   2. removing a header
+    #   3. replacing a header
+    #   4. replacing a header using a callable
+    #   5. removing a header using a callable
+    #   6. replacing a header that doesn't exist
+    headers = {"one": ["keep"], "two": ["lose"], "three": ["change"], "four": ["shout"], "five": ["whisper"]}
+    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
+    replace_headers(
+        request,
+        [
+            ("two", None),
+            ("three", "tada"),
+            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
+            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
+            ("six", "doesntexist"),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert request.headers == {"one": "keep", "three": "tada", "four": "SHOUT"}
+
+
+def test_replace_headers_empty():
+    headers = {"hello": "goodbye", "secret": "header"}
+    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
+    replace_headers(request, [])
+    assert request.headers == headers
+
+
+def test_replace_headers_callable():
+    # This goes beyond test_replace_headers() to ensure that the callable
+    # receives the expected arguments.
+    headers = {"hey": "there"}
+    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
+    callme = mock.Mock(return_value="ho")
+    replace_headers(request, [("hey", callme)])
+    assert request.headers == {"hey": "ho"}
+    assert callme.call_args == ((), {"request": request, "key": "hey", "value": "there"})
+
+
+def test_remove_headers():
+    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    headers = {"hello": ["goodbye"], "secret": ["header"]}
+    request = Request("GET", "http://google.com", "", headers)
+    remove_headers(request, ["secret"])
+    assert request.headers == {"hello": "goodbye"}
+
+
+def test_replace_query_parameters():
+    # This tests all of:
+    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    #   2. removing a parameter
+    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
+    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
+    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
+    uri = "http://g.com/?one=keep&two=lose&three=change&four=shout&five=whisper"
+    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    replace_query_parameters(
+        request,
+        [
+            ("two", None),
+            ("three", "tada"),
+            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
+            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
+            ("six", "doesntexist"),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert request.query == [("four", "SHOUT"), ("one", "keep"), ("three", "tada")]
+
+
+def test_remove_all_query_parameters():
+    uri = "http://g.com/?q=cowboys&w=1"
+    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    replace_query_parameters(request, [("w", None), ("q", None)])
+    assert request.uri == "http://g.com/"
+
+
+def test_replace_query_parameters_callable():
+    # This goes beyond test_replace_query_parameters() to ensure that the
+    # callable receives the expected arguments.
+    uri = "http://g.com/?hey=there"
+    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    callme = mock.Mock(return_value="ho")
+    replace_query_parameters(request, [("hey", callme)])
+    assert request.uri == "http://g.com/?hey=ho"
+    assert callme.call_args == ((), {"request": request, "key": "hey", "value": "there"})
+
+
+def test_remove_query_parameters():
+    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    uri = "http://g.com/?q=cowboys&w=1"
+    request = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    remove_query_parameters(request, ["w"])
+    assert request.uri == "http://g.com/?q=cowboys"
+
+
+def test_replace_post_data_parameters():
+    # This tests all of:
+    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    #   2. removing a parameter
+    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
+    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
+    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
+    body = b"one=keep&two=lose&three=change&four=shout&five=whisper"
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    replace_post_data_parameters(
+        request,
+        [
+            ("two", None),
+            ("three", "tada"),
+            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
+            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
+            ("six", "doesntexist"),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert request.body == b"one=keep&three=tada&four=SHOUT"
+
+
+def test_replace_post_data_parameters_empty_body():
+    # This test ensures replace_post_data_parameters doesn't throw exception when body is empty.
+    body = None
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    replace_post_data_parameters(
+        request,
+        [
+            ("two", None),
+            ("three", "tada"),
+            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
+            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
+            ("six", "doesntexist"),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert request.body is None
+
+
+def test_remove_post_data_parameters():
+    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    body = b"id=secret&foo=bar"
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ["id"])
+    assert request.body == b"foo=bar"
+
+
+def test_preserve_multiple_post_data_parameters():
+    body = b"id=secret&foo=bar&foo=baz"
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None)])
+    assert request.body == b"foo=bar&foo=baz"
+
+
+def test_remove_all_post_data_parameters():
+    body = b"id=secret&foo=bar"
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None), ("foo", None)])
+    assert request.body == b""
+
+
+def test_replace_json_post_data_parameters():
+    # This tests all of:
+    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    #   2. removing a parameter
+    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
+    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
+    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
+    body = b'{"one": "keep", "two": "lose", "three": "change", "four": "shout", "five": "whisper"}'
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    replace_post_data_parameters(
+        request,
+        [
+            ("two", None),
+            ("three", "tada"),
+            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
+            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
+            ("six", "doesntexist"),
+        ],
+    )
+    request_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
+    expected_data = json.loads('{"one": "keep", "three": "tada", "four": "SHOUT"}')
+    assert request_data == expected_data
+
+
+def test_remove_json_post_data_parameters():
+    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    body = b'{"id": "secret", "foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}'
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ["id"])
+    request_body_json = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
+    expected_json = json.loads(b'{"foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}'.decode("utf-8"))
+    assert request_body_json == expected_json
+
+
+def test_remove_all_json_post_data_parameters():
+    body = b'{"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}'
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None), ("foo", None)])
+    assert request.body == b"{}"
+
+
+def test_replace_dict_post_data_parameters():
+    # This tests all of:
+    #   1. keeping a parameter
+    #   2. removing a parameter
+    #   3. replacing a parameter
+    #   4. replacing a parameter using a callable
+    #   5. removing a parameter using a callable
+    #   6. replacing a parameter that doesn't exist
+    body = {"one": "keep", "two": "lose", "three": "change", "four": "shout", "five": "whisper"}
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    replace_post_data_parameters(
+        request,
+        [
+            ("two", None),
+            ("three", "tada"),
+            ("four", lambda key, value, request: value.upper()),
+            ("five", lambda key, value, request: None),
+            ("six", "doesntexist"),
+        ],
+    )
+    expected_data = {"one": "keep", "three": "tada", "four": "SHOUT"}
+    assert request.body == expected_data
+
+
+def test_remove_dict_post_data_parameters():
+    # Test the backward-compatible API wrapper.
+    body = {"id": "secret", "foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    remove_post_data_parameters(request, ["id"])
+    expected_data = {"foo": "bar", "baz": "qux"}
+    assert request.body == expected_data
+
+
+def test_remove_all_dict_post_data_parameters():
+    body = {"id": "secret", "foo": "bar"}
+    request = Request("POST", "http://google.com", body, {})
+    request.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    replace_post_data_parameters(request, [("id", None), ("foo", None)])
+    assert request.body == {}
+
+
+def test_decode_response_uncompressed():
+    recorded_response = {
+        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-length": ["10806"],
+            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
+            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
+        },
+        "body": {"string": b""},
+    }
+    assert decode_response(recorded_response) == recorded_response
+
+
+def test_decode_response_deflate():
+    body = b"deflate message"
+    deflate_response = {
+        "body": {"string": zlib.compress(body)},
+        "headers": {
+            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
+            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
+            "connection": ["keep-alive"],
+            "content-encoding": ["deflate"],
+            "content-length": ["177"],
+            "content-type": ["application/json"],
+            "date": ["Wed, 02 Dec 2015 19:44:32 GMT"],
+            "server": ["nginx"],
+        },
+        "status": {"code": 200, "message": "OK"},
+    }
+    decoded_response = decode_response(deflate_response)
+    assert decoded_response["body"]["string"] == body
+    assert decoded_response["headers"]["content-length"] == [str(len(body))]
+
+
+def test_decode_response_deflate_already_decompressed():
+    body = b"deflate message"
+    gzip_response = {
+        "body": {"string": body},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-encoding": ["deflate"],
+        },
+    }
+    decoded_response = decode_response(gzip_response)
+    assert decoded_response["body"]["string"] == body
+
+
+def test_decode_response_gzip():
+    body = b"gzip message"
+
+    buf = BytesIO()
+    f = gzip.GzipFile("a", fileobj=buf, mode="wb")
+    f.write(body)
+    f.close()
+
+    compressed_body = buf.getvalue()
+    buf.close()
+    gzip_response = {
+        "body": {"string": compressed_body},
+        "headers": {
+            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
+            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
+            "connection": ["keep-alive"],
+            "content-encoding": ["gzip"],
+            "content-length": ["177"],
+            "content-type": ["application/json"],
+            "date": ["Wed, 02 Dec 2015 19:44:32 GMT"],
+            "server": ["nginx"],
+        },
+        "status": {"code": 200, "message": "OK"},
+    }
+    decoded_response = decode_response(gzip_response)
+    assert decoded_response["body"]["string"] == body
+    assert decoded_response["headers"]["content-length"] == [str(len(body))]
+
+
+def test_decode_response_gzip_already_decompressed():
+    body = b"gzip message"
+    gzip_response = {
+        "body": {"string": body},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-encoding": ["gzip"],
+        },
+    }
+    decoded_response = decode_response(gzip_response)
+    assert decoded_response["body"]["string"] == body

tests/unit/test_json_serializer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import pytest
+
+from vcr.request import Request
+from vcr.serializers.jsonserializer import serialize
+
+
+def test_serialize_binary():
+    request = Request(method="GET", uri="http://localhost/", body="", headers={})
+    cassette = {"requests": [request], "responses": [{"body": b"\x8c"}]}
+
+    with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:
+        serialize(cassette)
+        assert (
+            e.message
+            == "Error serializing cassette to JSON. Does this \
+            HTTP interaction contain binary data? If so, use a different \
+            serializer (like the yaml serializer) for this request"
+        )

tests/unit/test_matchers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+import itertools
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from vcr import matchers, request
+
+# the dict contains requests with corresponding to its key difference
+# with 'base' request.
+REQUESTS = {
+    "base": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    "method": request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    "scheme": request.Request("GET", "https://host.com:80/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    "host": request.Request("GET", "http://another-host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    "port": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com:90/p?a=b", "", {}),
+    "path": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/x?a=b", "", {}),
+    "query": request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?c=d", "", {}),
+}
+
+
+def assert_matcher(matcher_name):
+    matcher = getattr(matchers, matcher_name)
+    for k1, k2 in itertools.permutations(REQUESTS, 2):
+        expecting_assertion_error = matcher_name in {k1, k2}
+        if expecting_assertion_error:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                matcher(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2])
+        else:
+            assert matcher(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2]) is None
+
+
+def test_uri_matcher():
+    for k1, k2 in itertools.permutations(REQUESTS, 2):
+        expecting_assertion_error = {k1, k2} != {"base", "method"}
+        if expecting_assertion_error:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                matchers.uri(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2])
+        else:
+            assert matchers.uri(REQUESTS[k1], REQUESTS[k2]) is None
+
+
+req1_body = (
+    b"<?xml version='1.0'?><methodCall><methodName>test</methodName>"
+    b"<params><param><value><array><data><value><struct>"
+    b"<member><name>a</name><value><string>1</string></value></member>"
+    b"<member><name>b</name><value><string>2</string></value></member>"
+    b"</struct></value></data></array></value></param></params></methodCall>"
+)
+req2_body = (
+    b"<?xml version='1.0'?><methodCall><methodName>test</methodName>"
+    b"<params><param><value><array><data><value><struct>"
+    b"<member><name>b</name><value><string>2</string></value></member>"
+    b"<member><name>a</name><value><string>1</string></value></member>"
+    b"</struct></value></data></array></value></param></params></methodCall>"
+)
+boto3_bytes_headers = {
+    "X-Amz-Content-SHA256": b"UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD",
+    "Cache-Control": b"max-age=31536000, public",
+    "X-Amz-Date": b"20191102T143910Z",
+    "User-Agent": b"Boto3/1.9.102 Python/3.5.3 Linux/4.15.0-54-generic Botocore/1.12.253 Resource",
+    "Content-MD5": b"GQqjEXsRqrPyxfTl99nkAg==",
+    "Content-Type": b"text/plain",
+    "Expect": b"100-continue",
+    "Content-Length": "21",
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "r1, r2",
+    [
+        (
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", "123", {}),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://another-host.com/", "123", {"Some-Header": "value"}),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", "a=1&b=2", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+            ),
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", "b=2&a=1", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", "123", {}),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://another-host.com/", "123", {"Some-Header": "value"}),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", "a=1&b=2", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+            ),
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", "b=2&a=1", {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            ),
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {"content-type": "application/json"}
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", req1_body, {"User-Agent": "xmlrpclib", "Content-Type": "text/xml"}
+            ),
+            request.Request(
+                "POST",
+                "http://host.com/",
+                req2_body,
+                {"user-agent": "somexmlrpc", "content-type": "text/xml"},
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            ),
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {"content-type": "application/json"}
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            # special case for boto3 bytes headers
+            request.Request("POST", "http://aws.custom.com/", b"123", boto3_bytes_headers),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://aws.custom.com/", b"123", boto3_bytes_headers),
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_body_matcher_does_match(r1, r2):
+    assert matchers.body(r1, r2) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "r1, r2",
+    [
+        (
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 2}', {}),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {}),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"a": 1, "b": 3}', {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            ),
+            request.Request(
+                "POST", "http://host.com/", '{"b": 2, "a": 1}', {"content-type": "application/json"}
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", req1_body, {"Content-Type": "text/xml"}),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/", req2_body, {"content-type": "text/xml"}),
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_body_match_does_not_match(r1, r2):
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        matchers.body(r1, r2)
+
+
+def test_query_matcher():
+    req1 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?a=b&c=d", "", {})
+    req2 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?c=d&a=b", "", {})
+    assert matchers.query(req1, req2) is None
+
+    req1 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?a=b&a=b&c=d", "", {})
+    req2 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?a=b&c=d&a=b", "", {})
+    req3 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/?c=d&a=b&a=b", "", {})
+    assert matchers.query(req1, req2) is None
+    assert matchers.query(req1, req3) is None
+
+
+def test_matchers():
+    assert_matcher("method")
+    assert_matcher("scheme")
+    assert_matcher("host")
+    assert_matcher("port")
+    assert_matcher("path")
+    assert_matcher("query")
+
+
+def test_evaluate_matcher_does_match():
+    def bool_matcher(r1, r2):
+        return True
+
+    def assertion_matcher(r1, r2):
+        assert 1 == 1
+
+    r1, r2 = None, None
+    for matcher in [bool_matcher, assertion_matcher]:
+        match, assertion_msg = matchers._evaluate_matcher(matcher, r1, r2)
+        assert match is True
+        assert assertion_msg is None
+
+
+def test_evaluate_matcher_does_not_match():
+    def bool_matcher(r1, r2):
+        return False
+
+    def assertion_matcher(r1, r2):
+        # This is like the "assert" statement preventing pytest to recompile it
+        raise AssertionError()
+
+    r1, r2 = None, None
+    for matcher in [bool_matcher, assertion_matcher]:
+        match, assertion_msg = matchers._evaluate_matcher(matcher, r1, r2)
+        assert match is False
+        assert not assertion_msg
+
+
+def test_evaluate_matcher_does_not_match_with_assert_message():
+    def assertion_matcher(r1, r2):
+        # This is like the "assert" statement preventing pytest to recompile it
+        raise AssertionError("Failing matcher")
+
+    r1, r2 = None, None
+    match, assertion_msg = matchers._evaluate_matcher(assertion_matcher, r1, r2)
+    assert match is False
+    assert assertion_msg == "Failing matcher"
+
+
+def test_get_assertion_message():
+    assert matchers.get_assertion_message(None) is None
+    assert matchers.get_assertion_message("") == ""
+
+
+def test_get_assertion_message_with_details():
+    assertion_msg = "q1=1 != q2=1"
+    expected = assertion_msg
+    assert matchers.get_assertion_message(assertion_msg) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "r1, r2, expected_successes, expected_failures",
+    [
+        (
+            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+            ["method", "path"],
+            [],
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+            ["path"],
+            ["method"],
+        ),
+        (
+            request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {}),
+            request.Request("POST", "http://host.com/path?a=b", "", {}),
+            [],
+            ["method", "path"],
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_matchers_results(r1, r2, expected_successes, expected_failures):
+    successes, failures = matchers.get_matchers_results(r1, r2, [matchers.method, matchers.path])
+    assert successes == expected_successes
+    assert len(failures) == len(expected_failures)
+    for i, expected_failure in enumerate(expected_failures):
+        assert failures[i][0] == expected_failure
+        assert failures[i][1] is not None
+
+
+@mock.patch("vcr.matchers.get_matchers_results")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "successes, failures, expected_match",
+    [(["method", "path"], [], True), (["method"], ["path"], False), ([], ["method", "path"], False)],
+)
+def test_requests_match(mock_get_matchers_results, successes, failures, expected_match):
+    mock_get_matchers_results.return_value = (successes, failures)
+    r1 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {})
+    r2 = request.Request("GET", "http://host.com/p?a=b", "", {})
+    match = matchers.requests_match(r1, r2, [matchers.method, matchers.path])
+    assert match is expected_match

tests/unit/test_migration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import filecmp
+import json
+import shutil
+
+import yaml
+
+import vcr.migration
+
+# Use the libYAML versions if possible
+try:
+    from yaml import CLoader as Loader
+except ImportError:
+    from yaml import Loader
+
+
+def test_try_migrate_with_json(tmpdir):
+    cassette = tmpdir.join("cassette.json").strpath
+    shutil.copy("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json", cassette)
+    assert vcr.migration.try_migrate(cassette)
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json") as f:
+        expected_json = json.load(f)
+    with open(cassette) as f:
+        actual_json = json.load(f)
+    assert actual_json == expected_json
+
+
+def test_try_migrate_with_yaml(tmpdir):
+    cassette = tmpdir.join("cassette.yaml").strpath
+    shutil.copy("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml", cassette)
+    assert vcr.migration.try_migrate(cassette)
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml") as f:
+        expected_yaml = yaml.load(f, Loader=Loader)
+    with open(cassette) as f:
+        actual_yaml = yaml.load(f, Loader=Loader)
+    assert actual_yaml == expected_yaml
+
+
+def test_try_migrate_with_invalid_or_new_cassettes(tmpdir):
+    cassette = tmpdir.join("cassette").strpath
+    files = [
+        "tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt",
+        "tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml",
+        "tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json",
+    ]
+    for file_path in files:
+        shutil.copy(file_path, cassette)
+        assert not vcr.migration.try_migrate(cassette)
+        assert filecmp.cmp(cassette, file_path)  # should not change file

tests/unit/test_persist.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import pytest
+
+from vcr.persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
+from vcr.serializers import jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cassette_path, serializer",
+    [
+        ("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json", jsonserializer),
+        ("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml", yamlserializer),
+    ],
+)
+def test_load_cassette_with_old_cassettes(cassette_path, serializer):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
+        FilesystemPersister.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
+    assert "run the migration script" in excinfo.exconly()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cassette_path, serializer",
+    [
+        ("tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt", jsonserializer),
+        ("tests/fixtures/migration/not_cassette.txt", yamlserializer),
+    ],
+)
+def test_load_cassette_with_invalid_cassettes(cassette_path, serializer):
+    with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
+        FilesystemPersister.load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer)
+    assert "run the migration script" not in excinfo.exconly()

tests/unit/test_request.py

@@ -1,11 +1,85 @@
-from vcr.request import Request
+import pytest
+
+from vcr.request import HeadersDict, Request
 
 
-def test_url():
-    req = Request('http', 'www.google.com', 80, 'GET', '/', '', {})
-    assert req.url == 'http://www.google.com/'
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "method, uri, expected_str",
+    [
+        ("GET", "http://www.google.com/", "<Request (GET) http://www.google.com/>"),
+        ("OPTIONS", "*", "<Request (OPTIONS) *>"),
+        ("CONNECT", "host.some.where:1234", "<Request (CONNECT) host.some.where:1234>"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_str(method, uri, expected_str):
+    assert str(Request(method, uri, "", {})) == expected_str
 
 
-def test_str():
-    req = Request('http', 'www.google.com', 80, 'GET', '/', '', {})
-    str(req) == '<Request (GET) http://www.google.com>'
+def test_headers():
+    headers = {"X-Header1": ["h1"], "X-Header2": "h2"}
+    req = Request("GET", "http://go.com/", "", headers)
+    assert req.headers == {"X-Header1": "h1", "X-Header2": "h2"}
+    req.headers["X-Header1"] = "h11"
+    assert req.headers == {"X-Header1": "h11", "X-Header2": "h2"}
+
+
+def test_add_header_deprecated():
+    req = Request("GET", "http://go.com/", "", {})
+    pytest.deprecated_call(req.add_header, "foo", "bar")
+    assert req.headers == {"foo": "bar"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "uri, expected_port",
+    [
+        ("http://go.com/", 80),
+        ("http://go.com:80/", 80),
+        ("http://go.com:3000/", 3000),
+        ("https://go.com/", 443),
+        ("https://go.com:443/", 443),
+        ("https://go.com:3000/", 3000),
+        ("*", None),
+    ],
+)
+def test_port(uri, expected_port):
+    req = Request("GET", uri, "", {})
+    assert req.port == expected_port
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "method, uri",
+    [
+        ("GET", "http://go.com/"),
+        ("GET", "http://go.com:80/"),
+        ("CONNECT", "localhost:1234"),
+        ("OPTIONS", "*"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_uri(method, uri):
+    assert Request(method, uri, "", {}).uri == uri
+
+
+def test_HeadersDict():
+    # Simple test of CaseInsensitiveDict
+    h = HeadersDict()
+    assert h == {}
+    h["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    assert h == {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    assert h["content-type"] == "application/json"
+    assert h["CONTENT-TYPE"] == "application/json"
+
+    # Test feature of HeadersDict: devolve list to first element
+    h = HeadersDict()
+    assert h == {}
+    h["x"] = ["foo", "bar"]
+    assert h == {"x": "foo"}
+
+    # Test feature of HeadersDict: preserve original key case
+    h = HeadersDict()
+    assert h == {}
+    h["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+    assert h == {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    h["content-type"] = "text/plain"
+    assert h == {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}
+    h["CONtent-tyPE"] = "whoa"
+    assert h == {"Content-Type": "whoa"}

tests/unit/test_response.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import io
+
+from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPResponse
+
+
+def test_response_should_have_headers_field():
+    recorded_response = {
+        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-length": ["0"],
+            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
+            "connection": ["Close"],
+            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
+            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
+            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
+            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
+        },
+        "body": {"string": b""},
+    }
+    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
+
+    assert response.headers is not None
+
+
+def test_response_headers_should_be_equal_to_msg():
+    recorded_response = {
+        "status": {"message": b"OK", "code": 200},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-length": ["0"],
+            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
+            "connection": ["Close"],
+            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
+        },
+        "body": {"string": b""},
+    }
+    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
+
+    assert response.headers == response.msg
+
+
+def test_response_headers_should_have_correct_values():
+    recorded_response = {
+        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-length": ["10806"],
+            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
+            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
+        },
+        "body": {"string": b""},
+    }
+    response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
+
+    assert response.headers.get("content-length") == "10806"
+    assert response.headers.get("date") == "Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"
+
+
+def test_response_parses_correctly_and_fp_attribute_error_is_not_thrown():
+    """
+    Regression test for https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/440
+    :return:
+    """
+    recorded_response = {
+        "status": {"message": "OK", "code": 200},
+        "headers": {
+            "content-length": ["0"],
+            "server": ["gunicorn/18.0"],
+            "connection": ["Close"],
+            "access-control-allow-credentials": ["true"],
+            "date": ["Fri, 24 Oct 2014 18:35:37 GMT"],
+            "access-control-allow-origin": ["*"],
+            "content-type": ["text/html; charset=utf-8"],
+        },
+        "body": {
+            "string": b"\nPMID- 19416910\nOWN - NLM\nSTAT- MEDLINE\nDA  - 20090513\nDCOM- "
+            b"20090622\nLR  - "
+            b"20141209\nIS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)\nIS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)\nVI  - "
+            b"106\nIP  - "
+            b"19\nDP  - 2009 May 12\nTI  - Genetic dissection of histone deacetylase "
+            b"requirement in "
+            b"tumor cells.\nPG  - 7751-5\nLID - 10.1073/pnas.0903139106 [doi]\nAB  - "
+            b"Histone "
+            b"deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) represent a new group of drugs currently\n "
+            b"     being "
+            b"tested in a wide variety of clinical applications. They are especially\n  "
+            b"    effective "
+            b"in preclinical models of cancer where they show antiproliferative\n      "
+            b"action in many "
+            b"different types of cancer cells. Recently, the first HDACi was\n      "
+            b"approved for the "
+            b"treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Most HDACi currently in\n      "
+            b"clinical "
+        },
+    }
+    vcr_response = VCRHTTPResponse(recorded_response)
+    handle = io.TextIOWrapper(vcr_response, encoding="utf-8")
+    handle = iter(handle)
+    articles = [line for line in handle]
+    assert len(articles) > 1

tests/unit/test_serialize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from vcr.request import Request
+from vcr.serialize import deserialize, serialize
+from vcr.serializers import compat, jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+
+
+def test_deserialize_old_yaml_cassette():
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.yaml") as f:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
+
+
+def test_deserialize_old_json_cassette():
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/old_cassette.json") as f:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            deserialize(f.read(), jsonserializer)
+
+
+def test_deserialize_new_yaml_cassette():
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.yaml") as f:
+        deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
+
+
+def test_deserialize_new_json_cassette():
+    with open("tests/fixtures/migration/new_cassette.json") as f:
+        deserialize(f.read(), jsonserializer)
+
+
+REQBODY_TEMPLATE = """\
+interactions:
+- request:
+    body: {req_body}
+    headers:
+      Content-Type: [application/x-www-form-urlencoded]
+      Host: [httpbin.org]
+    method: POST
+    uri: http://httpbin.org/post
+  response:
+    body: {{string: ""}}
+    headers:
+      content-length: ['0']
+      content-type: [application/json]
+    status: {{code: 200, message: OK}}
+"""
+
+
+# A cassette generated under Python 2 stores the request body as a string,
+# but the same cassette generated under Python 3 stores it as "!!binary".
+# Make sure we accept both forms, regardless of whether we're running under
+# Python 2 or 3.
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "req_body, expect",
+    [
+        # Cassette written under Python 2 (pure ASCII body)
+        ("x=5&y=2", b"x=5&y=2"),
+        # Cassette written under Python 3 (pure ASCII body)
+        ("!!binary |\n      eD01Jnk9Mg==", b"x=5&y=2"),
+        # Request body has non-ASCII chars (x=föo&y=2), encoded in UTF-8.
+        ('!!python/str "x=f\\xF6o&y=2"', b"x=f\xc3\xb6o&y=2"),
+        ("!!binary |\n      eD1mw7ZvJnk9Mg==", b"x=f\xc3\xb6o&y=2"),
+        # Same request body, this time encoded in UTF-16. In this case, we
+        # write the same YAML file under both Python 2 and 3, so there's only
+        # one test case here.
+        (
+            "!!binary |\n      //54AD0AZgD2AG8AJgB5AD0AMgA=",
+            b"\xff\xfex\x00=\x00f\x00\xf6\x00o\x00&\x00y\x00=\x002\x00",
+        ),
+        # Same again, this time encoded in ISO-8859-1.
+        ("!!binary |\n      eD1m9m8meT0y", b"x=f\xf6o&y=2"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_deserialize_py2py3_yaml_cassette(tmpdir, req_body, expect):
+    cfile = tmpdir.join("test_cassette.yaml")
+    cfile.write(REQBODY_TEMPLATE.format(req_body=req_body))
+    with open(str(cfile)) as f:
+        (requests, responses) = deserialize(f.read(), yamlserializer)
+    assert requests[0].body == expect
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(
+    jsonserializer.json,
+    "dumps",
+    side_effect=UnicodeDecodeError("utf-8", b"unicode error in serialization", 0, 10, "blew up"),
+)
+def test_serialize_constructs_UnicodeDecodeError(mock_dumps):
+    with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+        jsonserializer.serialize({})
+
+
+def test_serialize_empty_request():
+    request = Request(method="POST", uri="http://localhost/", body="", headers={})
+
+    serialize({"requests": [request], "responses": [{}]}, jsonserializer)
+
+
+def test_serialize_json_request():
+    request = Request(method="POST", uri="http://localhost/", body="{'hello': 'world'}", headers={})
+
+    serialize({"requests": [request], "responses": [{}]}, jsonserializer)
+
+
+def test_serialize_binary_request():
+    msg = "Does this HTTP interaction contain binary data?"
+
+    request = Request(method="POST", uri="http://localhost/", body=b"\x8c", headers={})
+
+    try:
+        serialize({"requests": [request], "responses": [{}]}, jsonserializer)
+    except (UnicodeDecodeError, TypeError) as exc:
+        assert msg in str(exc)
+
+
+def test_deserialize_no_body_string():
+    data = {"body": {"string": None}}
+    output = compat.convert_to_bytes(data)
+    assert data == output

tests/unit/test_stubs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from unittest import mock
+
+from pytest import mark
+
+from vcr import mode
+from vcr.cassette import Cassette
+from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
+
+
+class TestVCRConnection:
+    def test_setting_of_attributes_get_propagated_to_real_connection(self):
+        vcr_connection = VCRHTTPSConnection("www.examplehost.com")
+        vcr_connection.ssl_version = "example_ssl_version"
+        assert vcr_connection.real_connection.ssl_version == "example_ssl_version"
+
+    @mark.online
+    @mock.patch("vcr.cassette.Cassette.can_play_response_for", return_value=False)
+    def testing_connect(*args):
+        vcr_connection = VCRHTTPSConnection("www.google.com")
+        vcr_connection.cassette = Cassette("test", record_mode=mode.ALL)
+        vcr_connection.real_connection.connect()
+        assert vcr_connection.real_connection.sock is not None

tests/unit/test_unittest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import os
+from unittest import TextTestRunner, defaultTestLoader
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import pytest
+
+from vcr.unittest import VCRTestCase
+
+
+def test_defaults():
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    expected_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "cassettes")
+    expected_name = "MyTest.test_foo.yaml"
+    assert os.path.dirname(test.cassette._path) == expected_path
+    assert os.path.basename(test.cassette._path) == expected_name
+
+
+def test_disabled():
+    # Baseline vcr_enabled = True
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert hasattr(test, "cassette")
+
+    # Test vcr_enabled = False
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        vcr_enabled = False
+
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert not hasattr(test, "cassette")
+
+
+def test_cassette_library_dir():
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+        def _get_cassette_library_dir(self):
+            return "/testing"
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert test.cassette._path.startswith("/testing/")
+
+
+def test_cassette_name():
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+        def _get_cassette_name(self):
+            return "my-custom-name"
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert os.path.basename(test.cassette._path) == "my-custom-name"
+
+
+def test_vcr_kwargs_overridden():
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+        def _get_vcr_kwargs(self):
+            kwargs = super()._get_vcr_kwargs()
+            kwargs["record_mode"] = "new_episodes"
+            return kwargs
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert test.cassette.record_mode == "new_episodes"
+
+
+def test_vcr_kwargs_passed():
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+        def _get_vcr_kwargs(self):
+            return super()._get_vcr_kwargs(
+                record_mode="new_episodes",
+            )
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert test.cassette.record_mode == "new_episodes"
+
+
+def test_vcr_kwargs_cassette_dir():
+    # Test that _get_cassette_library_dir applies if cassette_library_dir
+    # is absent from vcr kwargs.
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+        def _get_vcr_kwargs(self):
+            return dict(
+                record_mode="new_episodes",
+            )
+
+        _get_cassette_library_dir = MagicMock(return_value="/testing")
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert test.cassette._path.startswith("/testing/")
+    assert test._get_cassette_library_dir.call_count == 1
+
+    # Test that _get_cassette_library_dir is ignored if cassette_library_dir
+    # is present in vcr kwargs.
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            pass
+
+        def _get_vcr_kwargs(self):
+            return dict(
+                cassette_library_dir="/testing",
+            )
+
+        _get_cassette_library_dir = MagicMock(return_value="/ignored")
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert test.cassette._path.startswith("/testing/")
+    assert test._get_cassette_library_dir.call_count == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_get_vcr_with_matcher(tmpdir):
+    cassette_dir = tmpdir.mkdir("cassettes")
+    assert len(cassette_dir.listdir()) == 0
+
+    mock_matcher = MagicMock(return_value=True, __name__="MockMatcher")
+
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            self.response = urlopen("http://example.com").read()
+
+        def _get_vcr(self):
+            myvcr = super()._get_vcr()
+            myvcr.register_matcher("mymatcher", mock_matcher)
+            myvcr.match_on = ["mymatcher"]
+            return myvcr
+
+        def _get_cassette_library_dir(self):
+            return str(cassette_dir)
+
+    # First run to fill cassette.
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert len(test.cassette.requests) == 1
+    assert not mock_matcher.called  # nothing in cassette
+
+    # Second run to call matcher.
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert len(test.cassette.requests) == 1
+    assert mock_matcher.called
+    assert (
+        repr(mock_matcher.mock_calls[0])
+        == "call(<Request (GET) http://example.com>, <Request (GET) http://example.com>)"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.online
+def test_testcase_playback(tmpdir):
+    cassette_dir = tmpdir.mkdir("cassettes")
+    assert len(cassette_dir.listdir()) == 0
+
+    # First test actually reads from the web.
+
+    class MyTest(VCRTestCase):
+        def test_foo(self):
+            self.response = urlopen("http://example.com").read()
+
+        def _get_cassette_library_dir(self):
+            return str(cassette_dir)
+
+    test = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert b"illustrative examples" in test.response
+    assert len(test.cassette.requests) == 1
+    assert test.cassette.play_count == 0
+
+    # Second test reads from cassette.
+
+    test2 = run_testcase(MyTest)[0][0]
+    assert test.cassette is not test2.cassette
+    assert b"illustrative examples" in test.response
+    assert len(test2.cassette.requests) == 1
+    assert test2.cassette.play_count == 1
+
+
+def run_testcase(testcase_class):
+    """Run all the tests in a TestCase and return them."""
+    suite = defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(testcase_class)
+    tests = list(suite._tests)
+    result = TextTestRunner().run(suite)
+    return tests, result

tests/unit/test_vcr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+import http.client as httplib
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from vcr import VCR, mode, use_cassette
+from vcr.patch import _HTTPConnection, force_reset
+from vcr.request import Request
+from vcr.stubs import VCRHTTPSConnection
+
+
+def test_vcr_use_cassette():
+    record_mode = mock.Mock()
+    test_vcr = VCR(record_mode=record_mode)
+    with mock.patch(
+        "vcr.cassette.Cassette.load", return_value=mock.MagicMock(inject=False)
+    ) as mock_cassette_load:
+
+        @test_vcr.use_cassette("test")
+        def function():
+            pass
+
+        assert mock_cassette_load.call_count == 0
+        function()
+        assert mock_cassette_load.call_args[1]["record_mode"] is record_mode
+
+        # Make sure that calls to function now use cassettes with the
+        # new filter_header_settings
+        test_vcr.record_mode = mock.Mock()
+        function()
+        assert mock_cassette_load.call_args[1]["record_mode"] == test_vcr.record_mode
+
+        # Ensure that explicitly provided arguments still supersede
+        # those on the vcr.
+        new_record_mode = mock.Mock()
+
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette("test", record_mode=new_record_mode) as cassette:
+        assert cassette.record_mode == new_record_mode
+
+
+def test_vcr_before_record_request_params():
+    base_path = "http://whatever.test/"
+
+    def before_record_cb(request):
+        if request.path != "/get":
+            return request
+
+    test_vcr = VCR(
+        filter_headers=("cookie", ("bert", "ernie")),
+        before_record_request=before_record_cb,
+        ignore_hosts=("www.test.com",),
+        ignore_localhost=True,
+        filter_query_parameters=("foo", ("tom", "jerry")),
+        filter_post_data_parameters=("posted", ("no", "trespassing")),
+    )
+
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+        # Test explicit before_record_cb
+        request_get = Request("GET", base_path + "get", "", {})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request_get) is None
+        request = Request("GET", base_path + "get2", "", {})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request) is not None
+
+        # Test filter_query_parameters
+        request = Request("GET", base_path + "?foo=bar", "", {})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request).query == []
+        request = Request("GET", base_path + "?tom=nobody", "", {})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request).query == [("tom", "jerry")]
+
+        # Test filter_headers
+        request = Request(
+            "GET", base_path + "?foo=bar", "", {"cookie": "test", "other": "fun", "bert": "nobody"}
+        )
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request).headers == {"other": "fun", "bert": "ernie"}
+
+        # Test ignore_hosts
+        request = Request("GET", "http://www.test.com" + "?foo=bar", "", {"cookie": "test", "other": "fun"})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request) is None
+
+        # Test ignore_localhost
+        request = Request("GET", "http://localhost:8000" + "?foo=bar", "", {"cookie": "test", "other": "fun"})
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request) is None
+
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette("test", before_record_request=None) as cassette:
+        # Test that before_record can be overwritten in context manager.
+        assert cassette.filter_request(request_get) is not None
+
+
+def test_vcr_before_record_response_iterable():
+    # Regression test for #191
+
+    request = Request("GET", "/", "", {})
+    response = object()  # just can't be None
+
+    # Prevent actually saving the cassette
+    with mock.patch("vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.save_cassette"):
+        # Baseline: non-iterable before_record_response should work
+        mock_filter = mock.Mock()
+        vcr = VCR(before_record_response=mock_filter)
+        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+            assert mock_filter.call_count == 0
+            cassette.append(request, response)
+            assert mock_filter.call_count == 1
+
+        # Regression test: iterable before_record_response should work too
+        mock_filter = mock.Mock()
+        vcr = VCR(before_record_response=(mock_filter,))
+        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+            assert mock_filter.call_count == 0
+            cassette.append(request, response)
+            assert mock_filter.call_count == 1
+
+
+def test_before_record_response_as_filter():
+    request = Request("GET", "/", "", {})
+    response = object()  # just can't be None
+
+    # Prevent actually saving the cassette
+    with mock.patch("vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.save_cassette"):
+        filter_all = mock.Mock(return_value=None)
+        vcr = VCR(before_record_response=filter_all)
+        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+            cassette.append(request, response)
+            assert cassette.data == []
+            assert not cassette.dirty
+
+
+def test_vcr_path_transformer():
+    # Regression test for #199
+
+    # Prevent actually saving the cassette
+    with mock.patch("vcr.cassette.FilesystemPersister.save_cassette"):
+        # Baseline: path should be unchanged
+        vcr = VCR()
+        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+            assert cassette._path == "test"
+
+        # Regression test: path_transformer=None should do the same.
+        vcr = VCR(path_transformer=None)
+        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+            assert cassette._path == "test"
+
+        # and it should still work with cassette_library_dir
+        vcr = VCR(cassette_library_dir="/foo")
+        with vcr.use_cassette("test") as cassette:
+            assert os.path.abspath(cassette._path) == os.path.abspath("/foo/test")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def random_fixture():
+    return 1
+
+
+@use_cassette("test")
+def test_fixtures_with_use_cassette(random_fixture):
+    # Applying a decorator to a test function that requests features can cause
+    # problems if the decorator does not preserve the signature of the original
+    # test function.
+
+    # This test ensures that use_cassette preserves the signature of
+    # the original test function, and thus that use_cassette is
+    # compatible with py.test fixtures. It is admittedly a bit strange
+    # because the test would never even run if the relevant feature
+    # were broken.
+    pass
+
+
+def test_custom_patchers():
+    class Test:
+        attribute = None
+        attribute2 = None
+
+    test_vcr = VCR(custom_patches=((Test, "attribute", VCRHTTPSConnection),))
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette("custom_patches"):
+        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
+        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
+
+    with test_vcr.use_cassette("custom_patches", custom_patches=((Test, "attribute2", VCRHTTPSConnection),)):
+        assert issubclass(Test.attribute, VCRHTTPSConnection)
+        assert VCRHTTPSConnection is not Test.attribute
+        assert Test.attribute is Test.attribute2
+
+
+def test_inject_cassette():
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette("test", record_mode=mode.ONCE)
+    def with_cassette_injected(cassette):
+        assert cassette.record_mode == mode.ONCE
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette("test", record_mode=mode.ONCE, inject_cassette=False)
+    def without_cassette_injected():
+        pass
+
+    with_cassette_injected()
+    without_cassette_injected()
+
+
+def test_with_current_defaults():
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, record_mode=mode.ONCE)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette("test", with_current_defaults=False)
+    def changing_defaults(cassette, checks):
+        checks(cassette)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette("test", with_current_defaults=True)
+    def current_defaults(cassette, checks):
+        checks(cassette)
+
+    def assert_record_mode_once(cassette):
+        assert cassette.record_mode == mode.ONCE
+
+    def assert_record_mode_all(cassette):
+        assert cassette.record_mode == mode.ALL
+
+    changing_defaults(assert_record_mode_once)
+    current_defaults(assert_record_mode_once)
+
+    vcr.record_mode = "all"
+    changing_defaults(assert_record_mode_all)
+    current_defaults(assert_record_mode_once)
+
+
+def test_cassette_library_dir_with_decoration_and_no_explicit_path():
+    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette()
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "function_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_cassette_library_dir_with_decoration_and_explicit_path():
+    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(path="custom_name")
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "custom_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_cassette_library_dir_with_decoration_and_super_explicit_path():
+    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(path=os.path.join(library_dir, "custom_name"))
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "custom_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_cassette_library_dir_with_path_transformer():
+    library_dir = "/library_dir"
+    vcr = VCR(
+        inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir=library_dir, path_transformer=lambda path: path + ".json"
+    )
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette()
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(library_dir, "function_name.json")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_use_cassette_with_no_extra_invocation():
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir="/")
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join("/", "function_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_path_transformer():
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, cassette_library_dir="/", path_transformer=lambda x: x + "_test")
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join("/", "function_name_test")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_cassette_name_generator_defaults_to_using_module_function_defined_in():
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "function_name")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_ensure_suffix():
+    vcr = VCR(inject_cassette=True, path_transformer=VCR.ensure_suffix(".yaml"))
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette
+    def function_name(cassette):
+        assert cassette._path == os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "function_name.yaml")
+
+    function_name()
+
+
+def test_additional_matchers():
+    vcr = VCR(match_on=("uri",), inject_cassette=True)
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette
+    def function_defaults(cassette):
+        assert set(cassette._match_on) == {vcr.matchers["uri"]}
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(additional_matchers=("body",))
+    def function_additional(cassette):
+        assert set(cassette._match_on) == {vcr.matchers["uri"], vcr.matchers["body"]}
+
+    function_defaults()
+    function_additional()
+
+
+def test_decoration_should_respect_function_return_value():
+    vcr = VCR()
+    ret = "a-return-value"
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette
+    def function_with_return():
+        return ret
+
+    assert ret == function_with_return()
+
+
+class TestVCRClass(VCR().test_case()):
+    def no_decoration(self):
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection == _HTTPConnection
+        self.test_dynamically_added()
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection == _HTTPConnection
+
+    def test_one(self):
+        with force_reset():
+            self.no_decoration()
+        with force_reset():
+            self.test_two()
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection != _HTTPConnection
+
+    def test_two(self):
+        assert httplib.HTTPConnection != _HTTPConnection
+
+
+def test_dynamically_added(self):
+    assert httplib.HTTPConnection != _HTTPConnection
+
+
+TestVCRClass.test_dynamically_added = test_dynamically_added
+del test_dynamically_added
+
+
+def test_path_class_as_cassette():
+    path = Path(__file__).parent.parent.joinpath(
+        "integration/cassettes/test_httpx_test_test_behind_proxy.yml"
+    )
+    with use_cassette(path):
+        pass

tests/unit/test_vcr_import.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import sys
+
+
+def test_vcr_import_deprecation(recwarn):
+    if "vcr" in sys.modules:
+        # Remove imported module entry if already loaded in another test
+        del sys.modules["vcr"]
+
+    import vcr  # noqa: F401
+
+    if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
+        assert len(recwarn) == 1
+        assert issubclass(recwarn[0].category, DeprecationWarning)
+    else:
+        assert len(recwarn) == 0

tox.ini

@@ -1,35 +1,110 @@
-# Tox (http://tox.testrun.org/) is a tool for running tests
-# in multiple virtualenvs. This configuration file will run the
-# test suite on all supported python versions. To use it, "pip install tox"
-# and then run "tox" from this directory.
-
 [tox]
-envlist = py26, py27, pypy, py26requests, py27requests, pypyrequests
+skip_missing_interpreters=true
+envlist =
+  cov-clean,
+  lint,
+  {py38,py39,py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3,aiohttp,httpx},
+  {py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-2,urllib3-2},
+  {pypy3}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3},
+  {py310}-httpx019,
+  cov-report
+
+
+[gh-actions]
+python =
+    3.8: py38
+    3.9: py39
+    3.10: py310, lint
+    3.11: py311
+    pypy-3: pypy3
+
+# Coverage environment tasks: cov-clean and cov-report
+# https://pytest-cov.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tox.html
+[testenv:cov-clean]
+deps = coverage
+skip_install=true
+commands = coverage erase
+
+[testenv:cov-report]
+deps = coverage
+skip_install=true
+commands =
+  coverage html
+  coverage report --fail-under=90
+
+[testenv:lint]
+skipsdist = True
+commands =
+    black --version
+    black --check --diff .
+    isort --version
+    isort . --check --diff
+    flake8 --version
+    flake8 --exclude=./docs/conf.py,./.tox/,./venv/
+    pyflakes ./docs/conf.py
+deps =
+  flake8
+  black
+  isort
+basepython = python3.10
+
+[testenv:docs]
+# Running sphinx from inside the "docs" directory
+# ensures it will not pick up any stray files that might
+# get into a virtual environment under the top-level directory
+# or other artifacts under build/
+changedir = docs
+# The only dependency is sphinx
+# If we were using extensions packaged separately,
+# we would specify them here.
+# A better practice is to specify a specific version of sphinx.
+deps =
+    sphinx
+    sphinx_rtd_theme
+# This is the sphinx command to generate HTML.
+# In other circumstances, we might want to generate a PDF or an ebook
+commands =
+    sphinx-build -W -b html -d {envtmpdir}/doctrees . {envtmpdir}/html
+# We use Python 3.8. Tox sometimes tries to autodetect it based on the name of
+# the testenv, but "docs" does not give useful clues so we have to be explicit.
+basepython = python3.8
 
 [testenv]
+# Need to use develop install so that paths
+# for aggregate code coverage combine
+usedevelop=true
 commands =
-    python setup.py test
+    ./runtests.sh --cov=./vcr --cov-branch --cov-report=xml --cov-append {posargs}
+allowlist_externals =
+    ./runtests.sh
 deps =
+    Werkzeug==2.0.3
     pytest
+    pytest-httpbin>=1.0.1
+    pytest-cov
     PyYAML
+    ipaddress
+    requests: requests>=2.22.0
+    httplib2: httplib2
+    urllib3-1: urllib3<2
+    urllib3-2: urllib3<3
+    boto3: boto3
+    aiohttp: aiohttp
+    aiohttp: pytest-asyncio
+    aiohttp: pytest-aiohttp
+    httpx: httpx
+    {py38,py39,py310}-{httpx}: httpx
+    {py38,py39,py310}-{httpx}: pytest-asyncio
+    httpx: httpx>0.19
+    httpx019: httpx==0.19
+    {py38,py39,py310}-{httpx}: pytest-asyncio
+depends =
+  lint,{py38,py39,py310,py311,pypy3}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3},{py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-2,urllib3-2},{py38,py39,py310,py311}-{aiohttp},{py38,py39,py310,py311}-{httpx}: cov-clean
+  cov-report: lint,{py38,py39,py310,py311,pypy3}-{requests-urllib3-1,httplib2,urllib3-1,tornado4,boto3},{py310,py311}-{requests-urllib3-2,urllib3-2},{py38,py39,py310,py311}-{aiohttp}
+passenv =
+    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION
+    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
 
-[testenv:py26requests]
-basepython = python2.6
-deps =
-    pytest
-    PyYAML
-    requests
-
-[testenv:py27requests]
-basepython = python2.7
-deps =
-    pytest
-    PyYAML
-    requests
-
-[testenv:pypyrequests]
-basepython = pypy
-deps =
-    pytest
-    PyYAML
-    requests
+[flake8]
+max_line_length = 110

vcr/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-from config import VCR
+import logging
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from .config import VCR
+from .record_mode import RecordMode as mode  # noqa import is not used in this file
+
+__version__ = "5.0.0"
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
 
 default_vcr = VCR()
-
-
-# Also, make a 'load' function available
-def use_cassette(path, **kwargs):
-    return default_vcr.use_cassette(path, **kwargs)
+use_cassette = default_vcr.use_cassette

vcr/_handle_coroutine.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async def handle_coroutine(vcr, fn):  # noqa: E999
+    with vcr as cassette:
+        return await fn(cassette)  # noqa: E999

vcr/cassette.py

@@ -1,102 +1,370 @@
-'''The container for recorded requests and responses'''
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import copy
+import inspect
+import logging
+import sys
+
+import wrapt
+
+from ._handle_coroutine import handle_coroutine
+from .errors import UnhandledHTTPRequestError
+from .matchers import get_matchers_results, method, requests_match, uri
+from .patch import CassettePatcherBuilder
+from .persisters.filesystem import CassetteDecodeError, CassetteNotFoundError, FilesystemPersister
+from .record_mode import RecordMode
+from .serializers import yamlserializer
+from .util import partition_dict
 
 try:
-    from collections import Counter, OrderedDict
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
 except ImportError:
-    from .compat.counter import Counter
-    from .compat.ordereddict import OrderedDict
 
-# Internal imports
-from .patch import install, reset
-from .persist import load_cassette, save_cassette
-from .serializers import yamlserializer
+    def iscoroutinefunction(*args, **kwargs):
+        return False
 
 
-class Cassette(object):
-    '''A container for recorded requests and responses'''
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CassetteContextDecorator:
+    """Context manager/decorator that handles installing the cassette and
+    removing cassettes.
+
+    This class defers the creation of a new cassette instance until
+    the point at which it is installed by context manager or
+    decorator. The fact that a new cassette is used with each
+    application prevents the state of any cassette from interfering
+    with another.
+
+    Instances of this class are NOT reentrant as context managers.
+    However, functions that are decorated by
+    ``CassetteContextDecorator`` instances ARE reentrant. See the
+    implementation of ``__call__`` on this class for more details.
+    There is also a guard against attempts to reenter instances of
+    this class as a context manager in ``__exit__``.
+    """
+
+    _non_cassette_arguments = (
+        "path_transformer",
+        "func_path_generator",
+        "record_on_exception",
+    )
+
     @classmethod
-    def load(cls, path, **kwargs):
-        '''Load in the cassette stored at the provided path'''
-        new_cassette = cls(path, **kwargs)
+    def from_args(cls, cassette_class, **kwargs):
+        return cls(cassette_class, lambda: dict(kwargs))
+
+    def __init__(self, cls, args_getter):
+        self.cls = cls
+        self._args_getter = args_getter
+        self.__finish = None
+        self.__cassette = None
+
+    def _patch_generator(self, cassette):
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+            for patcher in CassettePatcherBuilder(cassette).build():
+                exit_stack.enter_context(patcher)
+            log_format = "{action} context for cassette at {path}."
+            log.debug(log_format.format(action="Entering", path=cassette._path))
+            yield cassette
+            log.debug(log_format.format(action="Exiting", path=cassette._path))
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        # This assertion is here to prevent the dangerous behavior
+        # that would result from forgetting about a __finish before
+        # completing it.
+        # How might this condition be met? Here is an example:
+        # context_decorator = Cassette.use('whatever')
+        # with context_decorator:
+        #     with context_decorator:
+        #         pass
+        assert self.__finish is None, "Cassette already open."
+        other_kwargs, cassette_kwargs = partition_dict(
+            lambda key, _: key in self._non_cassette_arguments, self._args_getter()
+        )
+        if other_kwargs.get("path_transformer"):
+            transformer = other_kwargs["path_transformer"]
+            cassette_kwargs["path"] = transformer(cassette_kwargs["path"])
+        self.__cassette = self.cls.load(**cassette_kwargs)
+        self.__finish = self._patch_generator(self.__cassette)
+        return next(self.__finish)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+        exception_was_raised = any(exc_info)
+        record_on_exception = self._args_getter().get("record_on_exception", True)
+        if record_on_exception or not exception_was_raised:
+            self.__cassette._save()
+            self.__cassette = None
+        # Fellow programmer, don't remove this `next`, if `self.__finish` is
+        # not consumed the unpatcher functions accumulated in the `exit_stack`
+        # object created in `_patch_generator` will not be called until
+        # `exit_stack` is not garbage collected.
+        # This works in CPython but not in Pypy, where the unpatchers will not
+        # be called until much later.
+        next(self.__finish, None)
+        self.__finish = None
+
+    @wrapt.decorator
+    def __call__(self, function, instance, args, kwargs):
+        # This awkward cloning thing is done to ensure that decorated
+        # functions are reentrant. This is required for thread
+        # safety and the correct operation of recursive functions.
+        args_getter = self._build_args_getter_for_decorator(function)
+        return type(self)(self.cls, args_getter)._execute_function(function, args, kwargs)
+
+    def _execute_function(self, function, args, kwargs):
+        def handle_function(cassette):
+            if cassette.inject:
+                return function(cassette, *args, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                return function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        if iscoroutinefunction(function):
+            return handle_coroutine(vcr=self, fn=handle_function)
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(function):
+            return self._handle_generator(fn=handle_function)
+
+        return self._handle_function(fn=handle_function)
+
+    def _handle_generator(self, fn):
+        """Wraps a generator so that we're inside the cassette context for the
+        duration of the generator.
+        """
+        with self as cassette:
+            coroutine = fn(cassette)
+            # We don't need to catch StopIteration. The caller (Tornado's
+            # gen.coroutine, for example) will handle that.
+            to_yield = next(coroutine)
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    to_send = yield to_yield
+                except Exception:
+                    to_yield = coroutine.throw(*sys.exc_info())
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        to_yield = coroutine.send(to_send)
+                    except StopIteration:
+                        break
+
+    def _handle_function(self, fn):
+        with self as cassette:
+            return fn(cassette)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_function_name(function):
+        return function.__name__
+
+    def _build_args_getter_for_decorator(self, function):
+        def new_args_getter():
+            kwargs = self._args_getter()
+            if "path" not in kwargs:
+                name_generator = kwargs.get("func_path_generator") or self.get_function_name
+                path = name_generator(function)
+                kwargs["path"] = path
+            return kwargs
+
+        return new_args_getter
+
+
+class Cassette:
+    """A container for recorded requests and responses"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, **kwargs):
+        """Instantiate and load the cassette stored at the specified path."""
+        new_cassette = cls(**kwargs)
         new_cassette._load()
         return new_cassette
 
-    def __init__(self, path, serializer=yamlserializer):
+    @classmethod
+    def use_arg_getter(cls, arg_getter):
+        return CassetteContextDecorator(cls, arg_getter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def use(cls, **kwargs):
+        return CassetteContextDecorator.from_args(cls, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path,
+        serializer=None,
+        persister=None,
+        record_mode=RecordMode.ONCE,
+        match_on=(uri, method),
+        before_record_request=None,
+        before_record_response=None,
+        custom_patches=(),
+        inject=False,
+        allow_playback_repeats=False,
+    ):
+        self._persister = persister or FilesystemPersister
         self._path = path
-        self._serializer = serializer
-        self.data = OrderedDict()
-        self.play_counts = Counter()
+        self._serializer = serializer or yamlserializer
+        self._match_on = match_on
+        self._before_record_request = before_record_request or (lambda x: x)
+        log.info(self._before_record_request)
+        self._before_record_response = before_record_response or (lambda x: x)
+        self.inject = inject
+        self.record_mode = record_mode
+        self.custom_patches = custom_patches
+        self.allow_playback_repeats = allow_playback_repeats
+
+        # self.data is the list of (req, resp) tuples
+        self.data = []
+        self.play_counts = collections.Counter()
         self.dirty = False
+        self.rewound = False
 
     @property
     def play_count(self):
         return sum(self.play_counts.values())
 
+    @property
+    def all_played(self):
+        """Returns True if all responses have been played, False otherwise."""
+        return len(self.play_counts.values()) == len(self)
+
     @property
     def requests(self):
-        return self.data.keys()
+        return [request for (request, response) in self.data]
 
     @property
     def responses(self):
-        return self.data.values()
+        return [response for (request, response) in self.data]
 
-    def mark_played(self, request):
-        '''
-        Alert the cassette of a request that's been played
-        '''
-        self.play_counts[request] += 1
+    @property
+    def write_protected(self):
+        return self.rewound and self.record_mode == RecordMode.ONCE or self.record_mode == RecordMode.NONE
 
     def append(self, request, response):
-        '''Add a request, response pair to this cassette'''
-        self.data[request] = response
+        """Add a request, response pair to this cassette"""
+        log.info("Appending request %s and response %s", request, response)
+        request = self._before_record_request(request)
+        if not request:
+            return
+        # Deepcopy is here because mutation of `response` will corrupt the
+        # real response.
+        response = copy.deepcopy(response)
+        response = self._before_record_response(response)
+        if response is None:
+            return
+        self.data.append((request, response))
         self.dirty = True
 
-    def response_of(self, request):
-        '''Find the response corresponding to a request'''
-        return self.data[request]
+    def filter_request(self, request):
+        return self._before_record_request(request)
+
+    def _responses(self, request):
+        """
+        internal API, returns an iterator with all responses matching
+        the request.
+        """
+        request = self._before_record_request(request)
+        for index, (stored_request, response) in enumerate(self.data):
+            if requests_match(request, stored_request, self._match_on):
+                yield index, response
+
+    def can_play_response_for(self, request):
+        request = self._before_record_request(request)
+        return request and request in self and self.record_mode != RecordMode.ALL and self.rewound
+
+    def play_response(self, request):
+        """
+        Get the response corresponding to a request, but only if it
+        hasn't been played back before, and mark it as played
+        """
+        for index, response in self._responses(request):
+            if self.play_counts[index] == 0 or self.allow_playback_repeats:
+                self.play_counts[index] += 1
+                return response
+        # The cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
+        raise UnhandledHTTPRequestError(
+            f"The cassette ({self._path!r}) doesn't contain the request ({request!r}) asked for"
+        )
+
+    def responses_of(self, request):
+        """
+        Find the responses corresponding to a request.
+        This function isn't actually used by VCR internally, but is
+        provided as an external API.
+        """
+        responses = [response for index, response in self._responses(request)]
+
+        if responses:
+            return responses
+        # The cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
+        raise UnhandledHTTPRequestError(
+            f"The cassette ({self._path!r}) doesn't contain the request ({request!r}) asked for"
+        )
+
+    def rewind(self):
+        self.play_counts = collections.Counter()
+
+    def find_requests_with_most_matches(self, request):
+        """
+        Get the most similar request(s) stored in the cassette
+        of a given request as a list of tuples like this:
+        - the request object
+        - the successful matchers as string
+        - the failed matchers and the related assertion message with the difference details as strings tuple
+
+        This is useful when a request failed to be found,
+        we can get the similar request(s) in order to know what have changed in the request parts.
+        """
+        best_matches = []
+        request = self._before_record_request(request)
+        for index, (stored_request, response) in enumerate(self.data):
+            successes, fails = get_matchers_results(request, stored_request, self._match_on)
+            best_matches.append((len(successes), stored_request, successes, fails))
+        best_matches.sort(key=lambda t: t[0], reverse=True)
+        # Get the first best matches (multiple if equal matches)
+        final_best_matches = []
+
+        if not best_matches:
+            return final_best_matches
+
+        previous_nb_success = best_matches[0][0]
+        for best_match in best_matches:
+            nb_success = best_match[0]
+            # Do not keep matches that have 0 successes,
+            # it means that the request is totally different from
+            # the ones stored in the cassette
+            if nb_success < 1 or previous_nb_success != nb_success:
+                break
+            previous_nb_success = nb_success
+            final_best_matches.append(best_match[1:])
+
+        return final_best_matches
 
     def _as_dict(self):
         return {"requests": self.requests, "responses": self.responses}
 
     def _save(self, force=False):
         if force or self.dirty:
-            save_cassette(
-                self._path,
-                self._as_dict(),
-                serializer=self._serializer
-            )
+            self._persister.save_cassette(self._path, self._as_dict(), serializer=self._serializer)
             self.dirty = False
 
     def _load(self):
         try:
-            requests, responses = load_cassette(
-                self._path,
-                serializer=self._serializer
-            )
+            requests, responses = self._persister.load_cassette(self._path, serializer=self._serializer)
             for request, response in zip(requests, responses):
                 self.append(request, response)
             self.dirty = False
-        except IOError:
+            self.rewound = True
+        except (CassetteDecodeError, CassetteNotFoundError):
             pass
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "<Cassette containing {0} recorded response(s)>".format(
-            len(self)
-        )
+        return f"<Cassette containing {len(self)} recorded response(s)>"
 
     def __len__(self):
-        '''Return the number of request,response pairs stored in here'''
+        """Return the number of request,response pairs stored in here"""
         return len(self.data)
 
     def __contains__(self, request):
-        '''Return whether or not a request has been stored'''
-        return request in self.data
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        '''Patch the fetching libraries we know about'''
-        install(self)
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, typ, value, traceback):
-        self._save()
-        reset()
+        """Return whether or not a request has been stored"""
+        for index, response in self._responses(request):
+            if self.play_counts[index] == 0 or self.allow_playback_repeats:
+                return True
+        return False

vcr/compat/counter.py

@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-from operator import itemgetter
-from heapq import nlargest
-from itertools import repeat, ifilter
-
-# From http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576611-counter-class/
-# Backported for python 2.6 support
-
-class Counter(dict):
-    '''Dict subclass for counting hashable objects.  Sometimes called a bag
-    or multiset.  Elements are stored as dictionary keys and their counts
-    are stored as dictionary values.
-
-    >>> Counter('zyzygy')
-    Counter({'y': 3, 'z': 2, 'g': 1})
-
-    '''
-
-    def __init__(self, iterable=None, **kwds):
-        '''Create a new, empty Counter object.  And if given, count elements
-        from an input iterable.  Or, initialize the count from another mapping
-        of elements to their counts.
-
-        >>> c = Counter()                           # a new, empty counter
-        >>> c = Counter('gallahad')                 # a new counter from an iterable
-        >>> c = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})           # a new counter from a mapping
-        >>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2)                   # a new counter from keyword args
-
-        '''        
-        self.update(iterable, **kwds)
-
-    def __missing__(self, key):
-        return 0
-
-    def most_common(self, n=None):
-        '''List the n most common elements and their counts from the most
-        common to the least.  If n is None, then list all element counts.
-
-        >>> Counter('abracadabra').most_common(3)
-        [('a', 5), ('r', 2), ('b', 2)]
-
-        '''        
-        if n is None:
-            return sorted(self.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
-        return nlargest(n, self.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1))
-
-    def elements(self):
-        '''Iterator over elements repeating each as many times as its count.
-
-        >>> c = Counter('ABCABC')
-        >>> sorted(c.elements())
-        ['A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C']
-
-        If an element's count has been set to zero or is a negative number,
-        elements() will ignore it.
-
-        '''
-        for elem, count in self.iteritems():
-            for _ in repeat(None, count):
-                yield elem
-
-    # Override dict methods where the meaning changes for Counter objects.
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, v=None):
-        raise NotImplementedError(
-            'Counter.fromkeys() is undefined.  Use Counter(iterable) instead.')
-
-    def update(self, iterable=None, **kwds):
-        '''Like dict.update() but add counts instead of replacing them.
-
-        Source can be an iterable, a dictionary, or another Counter instance.
-
-        >>> c = Counter('which')
-        >>> c.update('witch')           # add elements from another iterable
-        >>> d = Counter('watch')
-        >>> c.update(d)                 # add elements from another counter
-        >>> c['h']                      # four 'h' in which, witch, and watch
-        4
-
-        '''        
-        if iterable is not None:
-            if hasattr(iterable, 'iteritems'):
-                if self:
-                    self_get = self.get
-                    for elem, count in iterable.iteritems():
-                        self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) + count
-                else:
-                    dict.update(self, iterable) # fast path when counter is empty
-            else:
-                self_get = self.get
-                for elem in iterable:
-                    self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) + 1
-        if kwds:
-            self.update(kwds)
-
-    def copy(self):
-        'Like dict.copy() but returns a Counter instance instead of a dict.'
-        return Counter(self)
-
-    def __delitem__(self, elem):
-        'Like dict.__delitem__() but does not raise KeyError for missing values.'
-        if elem in self:
-            dict.__delitem__(self, elem)
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        if not self:
-            return '%s()' % self.__class__.__name__
-        items = ', '.join(map('%r: %r'.__mod__, self.most_common()))
-        return '%s({%s})' % (self.__class__.__name__, items)
-
-    # Multiset-style mathematical operations discussed in:
-    #       Knuth TAOCP Volume II section 4.6.3 exercise 19
-    #       and at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset
-    #
-    # Outputs guaranteed to only include positive counts.
-    #
-    # To strip negative and zero counts, add-in an empty counter:
-    #       c += Counter()
-
-    def __add__(self, other):
-        '''Add counts from two counters.
-
-        >>> Counter('abbb') + Counter('bcc')
-        Counter({'b': 4, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
-
-
-        '''
-        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
-            return NotImplemented
-        result = Counter()
-        for elem in set(self) | set(other):
-            newcount = self[elem] + other[elem]
-            if newcount > 0:
-                result[elem] = newcount
-        return result
-
-    def __sub__(self, other):
-        ''' Subtract count, but keep only results with positive counts.
-
-        >>> Counter('abbbc') - Counter('bccd')
-        Counter({'b': 2, 'a': 1})
-
-        '''
-        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
-            return NotImplemented
-        result = Counter()
-        for elem in set(self) | set(other):
-            newcount = self[elem] - other[elem]
-            if newcount > 0:
-                result[elem] = newcount
-        return result
-
-    def __or__(self, other):
-        '''Union is the maximum of value in either of the input counters.
-
-        >>> Counter('abbb') | Counter('bcc')
-        Counter({'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
-
-        '''
-        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
-            return NotImplemented
-        _max = max
-        result = Counter()
-        for elem in set(self) | set(other):
-            newcount = _max(self[elem], other[elem])
-            if newcount > 0:
-                result[elem] = newcount
-        return result
-
-    def __and__(self, other):
-        ''' Intersection is the minimum of corresponding counts.
-
-        >>> Counter('abbb') & Counter('bcc')
-        Counter({'b': 1})
-
-        '''
-        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
-            return NotImplemented
-        _min = min
-        result = Counter()
-        if len(self) < len(other):
-            self, other = other, self
-        for elem in ifilter(self.__contains__, other):
-            newcount = _min(self[elem], other[elem])
-            if newcount > 0:
-                result[elem] = newcount
-        return result
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import doctest
-    print doctest.testmod()
-

vcr/compat/ordereddict.py

@@ -1,258 +0,0 @@
-# Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
-# Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
-
-try:
-    from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
-except ImportError:
-    from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
-
-try:
-    from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-
-class OrderedDict(dict):
-    'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
-    # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
-    # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
-    # The remaining methods are order-aware.
-    # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
-
-    # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
-    # The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
-    # The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
-    # Each link is stored as a list of length three:  [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
-        '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  Signature is the same as for
-        regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
-        because their insertion order is arbitrary.
-
-        '''
-        if len(args) > 1:
-            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
-        try:
-            self.__root
-        except AttributeError:
-            self.__root = root = []                     # sentinel node
-            root[:] = [root, root, None]
-            self.__map = {}
-        self.__update(*args, **kwds)
-
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
-        'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
-        # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
-        # list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
-        if key not in self:
-            root = self.__root
-            last = root[0]
-            last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
-        dict_setitem(self, key, value)
-
-    def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
-        'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
-        # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
-        # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
-        dict_delitem(self, key)
-        link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
-        link_prev[1] = link_next
-        link_next[0] = link_prev
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
-        root = self.__root
-        curr = root[1]
-        while curr is not root:
-            yield curr[2]
-            curr = curr[1]
-
-    def __reversed__(self):
-        'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
-        root = self.__root
-        curr = root[0]
-        while curr is not root:
-            yield curr[2]
-            curr = curr[0]
-
-    def clear(self):
-        'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
-        try:
-            for node in self.__map.itervalues():
-                del node[:]
-            root = self.__root
-            root[:] = [root, root, None]
-            self.__map.clear()
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        dict.clear(self)
-
-    def popitem(self, last=True):
-        '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
-        Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
-
-        '''
-        if not self:
-            raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
-        root = self.__root
-        if last:
-            link = root[0]
-            link_prev = link[0]
-            link_prev[1] = root
-            root[0] = link_prev
-        else:
-            link = root[1]
-            link_next = link[1]
-            root[1] = link_next
-            link_next[0] = root
-        key = link[2]
-        del self.__map[key]
-        value = dict.pop(self, key)
-        return key, value
-
-    # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
-
-    def keys(self):
-        'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
-        return list(self)
-
-    def values(self):
-        'od.values() -> list of values in od'
-        return [self[key] for key in self]
-
-    def items(self):
-        'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
-        return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
-
-    def iterkeys(self):
-        'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
-        return iter(self)
-
-    def itervalues(self):
-        'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
-        for k in self:
-            yield self[k]
-
-    def iteritems(self):
-        'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
-        for k in self:
-            yield (k, self[k])
-
-    def update(*args, **kwds):
-        '''od.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
-
-        If E is a dict instance, does:           for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
-        If E has a .keys() method, does:         for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
-        Or if E is an iterable of items, does:   for k, v in E: od[k] = v
-        In either case, this is followed by:     for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
-
-        '''
-        if len(args) > 2:
-            raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
-                            'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args),))
-        elif not args:
-            raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
-        self = args[0]
-        # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
-        other = ()
-        if len(args) == 2:
-            other = args[1]
-        if isinstance(other, dict):
-            for key in other:
-                self[key] = other[key]
-        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
-            for key in other.keys():
-                self[key] = other[key]
-        else:
-            for key, value in other:
-                self[key] = value
-        for key, value in kwds.items():
-            self[key] = value
-
-    __update = update  # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
-
-    __marker = object()
-
-    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
-        '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
-        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
-
-        '''
-        if key in self:
-            result = self[key]
-            del self[key]
-            return result
-        if default is self.__marker:
-            raise KeyError(key)
-        return default
-
-    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
-        'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
-        if key in self:
-            return self[key]
-        self[key] = default
-        return default
-
-    def __repr__(self, _repr_running={}):
-        'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
-        call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
-        if call_key in _repr_running:
-            return '...'
-        _repr_running[call_key] = 1
-        try:
-            if not self:
-                return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
-            return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
-        finally:
-            del _repr_running[call_key]
-
-    def __reduce__(self):
-        'Return state information for pickling'
-        items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
-        inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
-        for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
-            inst_dict.pop(k, None)
-        if inst_dict:
-            return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict)
-        return self.__class__, (items,)
-
-    def copy(self):
-        'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
-        return self.__class__(self)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
-        '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
-        and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
-
-        '''
-        d = cls()
-        for key in iterable:
-            d[key] = value
-        return d
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
-        while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
-
-        '''
-        if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
-            return len(self)==len(other) and self.items() == other.items()
-        return dict.__eq__(self, other)
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        return not self == other
-
-    # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
-
-    def viewkeys(self):
-        "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
-        return KeysView(self)
-
-    def viewvalues(self):
-        "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
-        return ValuesView(self)
-
-    def viewitems(self):
-        "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
-        return ItemsView(self)

vcr/config.py

@@ -1,42 +1,257 @@
+import copy
+import functools
+import inspect
 import os
+import types
+from collections import abc as collections_abc
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import six
+
+from . import filters, matchers
 from .cassette import Cassette
-from .serializers import yamlserializer, jsonserializer
+from .persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
+from .record_mode import RecordMode
+from .serializers import jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+from .util import auto_decorate, compose
 
 
-class VCR(object):
-    def __init__(self, serializer='yaml', cassette_library_dir=None):
+class VCR:
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_test_method(method_name, function):
+        return method_name.startswith("test") and isinstance(function, types.FunctionType)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def ensure_suffix(suffix):
+        def ensure(path):
+            if not path.endswith(suffix):
+                return path + suffix
+            return path
+
+        return ensure
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path_transformer=None,
+        before_record_request=None,
+        custom_patches=(),
+        filter_query_parameters=(),
+        ignore_hosts=(),
+        record_mode=RecordMode.ONCE,
+        ignore_localhost=False,
+        filter_headers=(),
+        before_record_response=None,
+        filter_post_data_parameters=(),
+        match_on=("method", "scheme", "host", "port", "path", "query"),
+        before_record=None,
+        inject_cassette=False,
+        serializer="yaml",
+        cassette_library_dir=None,
+        func_path_generator=None,
+        decode_compressed_response=False,
+        record_on_exception=True,
+    ):
         self.serializer = serializer
+        self.match_on = match_on
         self.cassette_library_dir = cassette_library_dir
-        self.serializers = {
-            'yaml': yamlserializer,
-            'json': jsonserializer,
+        self.serializers = {"yaml": yamlserializer, "json": jsonserializer}
+        self.matchers = {
+            "method": matchers.method,
+            "uri": matchers.uri,
+            "url": matchers.uri,  # matcher for backwards compatibility
+            "scheme": matchers.scheme,
+            "host": matchers.host,
+            "port": matchers.port,
+            "path": matchers.path,
+            "query": matchers.query,
+            "headers": matchers.headers,
+            "raw_body": matchers.raw_body,
+            "body": matchers.body,
         }
+        self.persister = FilesystemPersister
+        self.record_mode = record_mode
+        self.filter_headers = filter_headers
+        self.filter_query_parameters = filter_query_parameters
+        self.filter_post_data_parameters = filter_post_data_parameters
+        self.before_record_request = before_record_request or before_record
+        self.before_record_response = before_record_response
+        self.ignore_hosts = ignore_hosts
+        self.ignore_localhost = ignore_localhost
+        self.inject_cassette = inject_cassette
+        self.path_transformer = path_transformer
+        self.func_path_generator = func_path_generator
+        self.decode_compressed_response = decode_compressed_response
+        self.record_on_exception = record_on_exception
+        self._custom_patches = tuple(custom_patches)
 
     def _get_serializer(self, serializer_name):
         try:
             serializer = self.serializers[serializer_name]
         except KeyError:
-            print "Serializer {0} doesn't exist or isn't registered".format(
-                serializer_name
-            )
-            raise KeyError
+            raise KeyError(f"Serializer {serializer_name} doesn't exist or isn't registered")
         return serializer
 
-    def use_cassette(self, path, **kwargs):
-        serializer_name = kwargs.get('serializer', self.serializer)
-        cassette_library_dir = kwargs.get(
-            'cassette_library_dir',
-            self.cassette_library_dir
-        )
+    def _get_matchers(self, matcher_names):
+        matchers = []
+        try:
+            for m in matcher_names:
+                matchers.append(self.matchers[m])
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(f"Matcher {m} doesn't exist or isn't registered")
+        return matchers
+
+    def use_cassette(self, path=None, **kwargs):
+        if path is not None and not isinstance(path, (str, Path)):
+            function = path
+            # Assume this is an attempt to decorate a function
+            return self._use_cassette(**kwargs)(function)
+        return self._use_cassette(path=path, **kwargs)
+
+    def _use_cassette(self, with_current_defaults=False, **kwargs):
+        if with_current_defaults:
+            config = self.get_merged_config(**kwargs)
+            return Cassette.use(**config)
+        # This is made a function that evaluates every time a cassette
+        # is made so that changes that are made to this VCR instance
+        # that occur AFTER the `use_cassette` decorator is applied
+        # still affect subsequent calls to the decorated function.
+        args_getter = functools.partial(self.get_merged_config, **kwargs)
+        return Cassette.use_arg_getter(args_getter)
+
+    def get_merged_config(self, **kwargs):
+        serializer_name = kwargs.get("serializer", self.serializer)
+        matcher_names = kwargs.get("match_on", self.match_on)
+        path_transformer = kwargs.get("path_transformer", self.path_transformer)
+        func_path_generator = kwargs.get("func_path_generator", self.func_path_generator)
+        cassette_library_dir = kwargs.get("cassette_library_dir", self.cassette_library_dir)
+        additional_matchers = kwargs.get("additional_matchers", ())
+        record_on_exception = kwargs.get("record_on_exception", self.record_on_exception)
 
         if cassette_library_dir:
-            path = os.path.join(cassette_library_dir, path)
+
+            def add_cassette_library_dir(path):
+                if not path.startswith(cassette_library_dir):
+                    return os.path.join(cassette_library_dir, path)
+                return path
+
+            path_transformer = compose(add_cassette_library_dir, path_transformer)
+        elif not func_path_generator:
+            # If we don't have a library dir, use the functions
+            # location to build a full path for cassettes.
+            func_path_generator = self._build_path_from_func_using_module
 
         merged_config = {
             "serializer": self._get_serializer(serializer_name),
+            "persister": self.persister,
+            "match_on": self._get_matchers(tuple(matcher_names) + tuple(additional_matchers)),
+            "record_mode": kwargs.get("record_mode", self.record_mode),
+            "before_record_request": self._build_before_record_request(kwargs),
+            "before_record_response": self._build_before_record_response(kwargs),
+            "custom_patches": self._custom_patches + kwargs.get("custom_patches", ()),
+            "inject": kwargs.get("inject_cassette", self.inject_cassette),
+            "path_transformer": path_transformer,
+            "func_path_generator": func_path_generator,
+            "allow_playback_repeats": kwargs.get("allow_playback_repeats", False),
+            "record_on_exception": record_on_exception,
         }
+        path = kwargs.get("path")
+        if path:
+            merged_config["path"] = path
+        return merged_config
 
-        return Cassette.load(path, **merged_config)
+    def _build_before_record_response(self, options):
+        before_record_response = options.get("before_record_response", self.before_record_response)
+        decode_compressed_response = options.get(
+            "decode_compressed_response", self.decode_compressed_response
+        )
+        filter_functions = []
+        if decode_compressed_response:
+            filter_functions.append(filters.decode_response)
+        if before_record_response:
+            if not isinstance(before_record_response, collections_abc.Iterable):
+                before_record_response = (before_record_response,)
+            filter_functions.extend(before_record_response)
+
+        def before_record_response(response):
+            for function in filter_functions:
+                if response is None:
+                    break
+                response = function(response)
+            return response
+
+        return before_record_response
+
+    def _build_before_record_request(self, options):
+        filter_functions = []
+        filter_headers = options.get("filter_headers", self.filter_headers)
+        filter_query_parameters = options.get("filter_query_parameters", self.filter_query_parameters)
+        filter_post_data_parameters = options.get(
+            "filter_post_data_parameters", self.filter_post_data_parameters
+        )
+        before_record_request = options.get(
+            "before_record_request", options.get("before_record", self.before_record_request)
+        )
+        ignore_hosts = options.get("ignore_hosts", self.ignore_hosts)
+        ignore_localhost = options.get("ignore_localhost", self.ignore_localhost)
+        if filter_headers:
+            replacements = [h if isinstance(h, tuple) else (h, None) for h in filter_headers]
+            filter_functions.append(functools.partial(filters.replace_headers, replacements=replacements))
+        if filter_query_parameters:
+            replacements = [p if isinstance(p, tuple) else (p, None) for p in filter_query_parameters]
+            filter_functions.append(
+                functools.partial(filters.replace_query_parameters, replacements=replacements)
+            )
+        if filter_post_data_parameters:
+            replacements = [p if isinstance(p, tuple) else (p, None) for p in filter_post_data_parameters]
+            filter_functions.append(
+                functools.partial(filters.replace_post_data_parameters, replacements=replacements)
+            )
+
+        hosts_to_ignore = set(ignore_hosts)
+        if ignore_localhost:
+            hosts_to_ignore.update(("localhost", "0.0.0.0", "127.0.0.1"))
+        if hosts_to_ignore:
+            filter_functions.append(self._build_ignore_hosts(hosts_to_ignore))
+
+        if before_record_request:
+            if not isinstance(before_record_request, collections_abc.Iterable):
+                before_record_request = (before_record_request,)
+            filter_functions.extend(before_record_request)
+
+        def before_record_request(request):
+            request = copy.deepcopy(request)
+            for function in filter_functions:
+                if request is None:
+                    break
+                request = function(request)
+            return request
+
+        return before_record_request
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_ignore_hosts(hosts_to_ignore):
+        def filter_ignored_hosts(request):
+            if hasattr(request, "host") and request.host in hosts_to_ignore:
+                return
+            return request
+
+        return filter_ignored_hosts
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_path_from_func_using_module(function):
+        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(function)), function.__name__)
 
     def register_serializer(self, name, serializer):
         self.serializers[name] = serializer
+
+    def register_matcher(self, name, matcher):
+        self.matchers[name] = matcher
+
+    def register_persister(self, persister):
+        # Singleton, no name required
+        self.persister = persister
+
+    def test_case(self, predicate=None):
+        predicate = predicate or self.is_test_method
+        # TODO: Remove this reference to `six` in favor of the Python3 equivalent
+        return six.with_metaclass(auto_decorate(self.use_cassette, predicate))

vcr/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+class CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.cassette = kwargs["cassette"]
+        self.failed_request = kwargs["failed_request"]
+        message = self._get_message(kwargs["cassette"], kwargs["failed_request"])
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_message(cassette, failed_request):
+        """Get the final message related to the exception"""
+        # Get the similar requests in the cassette that
+        # have match the most with the request.
+        best_matches = cassette.find_requests_with_most_matches(failed_request)
+        if best_matches:
+            # Build a comprehensible message to put in the exception.
+            best_matches_msg = "Found {} similar requests with {} different matcher(s) :\n".format(
+                len(best_matches), len(best_matches[0][2])
+            )
+
+            for idx, best_match in enumerate(best_matches, start=1):
+                request, succeeded_matchers, failed_matchers_assertion_msgs = best_match
+                best_matches_msg += (
+                    "\n%s - (%r).\n"
+                    "Matchers succeeded : %s\n"
+                    "Matchers failed :\n" % (idx, request, succeeded_matchers)
+                )
+                for failed_matcher, assertion_msg in failed_matchers_assertion_msgs:
+                    best_matches_msg += "%s - assertion failure :\n" "%s\n" % (failed_matcher, assertion_msg)
+        else:
+            best_matches_msg = "No similar requests, that have not been played, found."
+        return (
+            "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in "
+            "your current record mode (%r).\n"
+            "No match for the request (%r) was found.\n"
+            "%s" % (cassette._path, cassette.record_mode, failed_request, best_matches_msg)
+        )
+
+
+class UnhandledHTTPRequestError(KeyError):
+    """Raised when a cassette does not contain the request we want."""
+
+    pass

vcr/filters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import copy
+import json
+import zlib
+from io import BytesIO
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, urlunparse
+
+from .util import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+
+def replace_headers(request, replacements):
+    """Replace headers in request according to replacements.
+    The replacements should be a list of (key, value) pairs where the value can be any of:
+    1. A simple replacement string value.
+    2. None to remove the given header.
+    3. A callable which accepts (key, value, request) and returns a string value or None.
+    """
+    new_headers = request.headers.copy()
+    for k, rv in replacements:
+        if k in new_headers:
+            ov = new_headers.pop(k)
+            if callable(rv):
+                rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
+            if rv is not None:
+                new_headers[k] = rv
+    request.headers = new_headers
+    return request
+
+
+def remove_headers(request, headers_to_remove):
+    """
+    Wrap replace_headers() for API backward compatibility.
+    """
+    replacements = [(k, None) for k in headers_to_remove]
+    return replace_headers(request, replacements)
+
+
+def replace_query_parameters(request, replacements):
+    """Replace query parameters in request according to replacements.
+
+    The replacements should be a list of (key, value) pairs where the value can be any of:
+      1. A simple replacement string value.
+      2. None to remove the given header.
+      3. A callable which accepts (key, value, request) and returns a string
+         value or None.
+    """
+    query = request.query
+    new_query = []
+    replacements = dict(replacements)
+    for k, ov in query:
+        if k not in replacements:
+            new_query.append((k, ov))
+        else:
+            rv = replacements[k]
+            if callable(rv):
+                rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
+            if rv is not None:
+                new_query.append((k, rv))
+    uri_parts = list(urlparse(request.uri))
+    uri_parts[4] = urlencode(new_query)
+    request.uri = urlunparse(uri_parts)
+    return request
+
+
+def remove_query_parameters(request, query_parameters_to_remove):
+    """
+    Wrap replace_query_parameters() for API backward compatibility.
+    """
+    replacements = [(k, None) for k in query_parameters_to_remove]
+    return replace_query_parameters(request, replacements)
+
+
+def replace_post_data_parameters(request, replacements):
+    """Replace post data in request--either form data or json--according to replacements.
+
+    The replacements should be a list of (key, value) pairs where the value can be any of:
+      1. A simple replacement string value.
+      2. None to remove the given header.
+      3. A callable which accepts (key, value, request) and returns a string
+         value or None.
+    """
+    if not request.body:
+        # Nothing to replace
+        return request
+
+    replacements = dict(replacements)
+    if request.method == "POST" and not isinstance(request.body, BytesIO):
+        if isinstance(request.body, dict):
+            new_body = request.body.copy()
+            for k, rv in replacements.items():
+                if k in new_body:
+                    ov = new_body.pop(k)
+                    if callable(rv):
+                        rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
+                    if rv is not None:
+                        new_body[k] = rv
+            request.body = new_body
+        elif request.headers.get("Content-Type") == "application/json":
+            json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
+            for k, rv in replacements.items():
+                if k in json_data:
+                    ov = json_data.pop(k)
+                    if callable(rv):
+                        rv = rv(key=k, value=ov, request=request)
+                    if rv is not None:
+                        json_data[k] = rv
+            request.body = json.dumps(json_data).encode("utf-8")
+        else:
+            if isinstance(request.body, str):
+                request.body = request.body.encode("utf-8")
+            splits = [p.partition(b"=") for p in request.body.split(b"&")]
+            new_splits = []
+            for k, sep, ov in splits:
+                if sep is None:
+                    new_splits.append((k, sep, ov))
+                else:
+                    rk = k.decode("utf-8")
+                    if rk not in replacements:
+                        new_splits.append((k, sep, ov))
+                    else:
+                        rv = replacements[rk]
+                        if callable(rv):
+                            rv = rv(key=rk, value=ov.decode("utf-8"), request=request)
+                        if rv is not None:
+                            new_splits.append((k, sep, rv.encode("utf-8")))
+            request.body = b"&".join(k if sep is None else b"".join([k, sep, v]) for k, sep, v in new_splits)
+    return request
+
+
+def remove_post_data_parameters(request, post_data_parameters_to_remove):
+    """
+    Wrap replace_post_data_parameters() for API backward compatibility.
+    """
+    replacements = [(k, None) for k in post_data_parameters_to_remove]
+    return replace_post_data_parameters(request, replacements)
+
+
+def decode_response(response):
+    """
+    If the response is compressed with gzip or deflate:
+      1. decompress the response body
+      2. delete the content-encoding header
+      3. update content-length header to decompressed length
+    """
+
+    def is_compressed(headers):
+        encoding = headers.get("content-encoding", [])
+        return encoding and encoding[0] in ("gzip", "deflate")
+
+    def decompress_body(body, encoding):
+        """Returns decompressed body according to encoding using zlib.
+        to (de-)compress gzip format, use wbits = zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16
+        """
+        if not body:
+            return ""
+        if encoding == "gzip":
+            try:
+                return zlib.decompress(body, zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
+            except zlib.error:
+                return body  # assumes that the data was already decompressed
+        else:  # encoding == 'deflate'
+            try:
+                return zlib.decompress(body)
+            except zlib.error:
+                return body  # assumes that the data was already decompressed
+
+    # Deepcopy here in case `headers` contain objects that could
+    # be mutated by a shallow copy and corrupt the real response.
+    response = copy.deepcopy(response)
+    headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(response["headers"])
+    if is_compressed(headers):
+        encoding = headers["content-encoding"][0]
+        headers["content-encoding"].remove(encoding)
+        if not headers["content-encoding"]:
+            del headers["content-encoding"]
+
+        new_body = decompress_body(response["body"]["string"], encoding)
+        response["body"]["string"] = new_body
+        headers["content-length"] = [str(len(new_body))]
+        response["headers"] = dict(headers)
+    return response

vcr/matchers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import json
+import logging
+import urllib
+import xmlrpc.client
+
+from .util import read_body
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def method(r1, r2):
+    if r1.method != r2.method:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.method} != {r2.method}")
+
+
+def uri(r1, r2):
+    if r1.uri != r2.uri:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.uri} != {r2.uri}")
+
+
+def host(r1, r2):
+    if r1.host != r2.host:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.host} != {r2.host}")
+
+
+def scheme(r1, r2):
+    if r1.scheme != r2.scheme:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.scheme} != {r2.scheme}")
+
+
+def port(r1, r2):
+    if r1.port != r2.port:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.port} != {r2.port}")
+
+
+def path(r1, r2):
+    if r1.path != r2.path:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.path} != {r2.path}")
+
+
+def query(r1, r2):
+    if r1.query != r2.query:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.query} != {r2.query}")
+
+
+def raw_body(r1, r2):
+    if read_body(r1) != read_body(r2):
+        raise AssertionError
+
+
+def body(r1, r2):
+    transformer = _get_transformer(r1)
+    r2_transformer = _get_transformer(r2)
+    if transformer != r2_transformer:
+        transformer = _identity
+    if transformer(read_body(r1)) != transformer(read_body(r2)):
+        raise AssertionError
+
+
+def headers(r1, r2):
+    if r1.headers != r2.headers:
+        raise AssertionError(f"{r1.headers} != {r2.headers}")
+
+
+def _header_checker(value, header="Content-Type"):
+    def checker(headers):
+        _header = headers.get(header, "")
+        if isinstance(_header, bytes):
+            _header = _header.decode("utf-8")
+        return value in _header.lower()
+
+    return checker
+
+
+def _transform_json(body):
+    # Request body is always a byte string, but json.loads() wants a text
+    # string. RFC 7159 says the default encoding is UTF-8 (although UTF-16
+    # and UTF-32 are also allowed: hmmmmm).
+    if body:
+        return json.loads(body.decode("utf-8"))
+
+
+_xml_header_checker = _header_checker("text/xml")
+_xmlrpc_header_checker = _header_checker("xmlrpc", header="User-Agent")
+_checker_transformer_pairs = (
+    (
+        _header_checker("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),
+        lambda body: urllib.parse.parse_qs(body.decode("ascii")),
+    ),
+    (_header_checker("application/json"), _transform_json),
+    (lambda request: _xml_header_checker(request) and _xmlrpc_header_checker(request), xmlrpc.client.loads),
+)
+
+
+def _identity(x):
+    return x
+
+
+def _get_transformer(request):
+    for checker, transformer in _checker_transformer_pairs:
+        if checker(request.headers):
+            return transformer
+    else:
+        return _identity
+
+
+def requests_match(r1, r2, matchers):
+    successes, failures = get_matchers_results(r1, r2, matchers)
+    if failures:
+        log.debug(f"Requests {r1} and {r2} differ.\nFailure details:\n{failures}")
+    return len(failures) == 0
+
+
+def _evaluate_matcher(matcher_function, *args):
+    """
+    Evaluate the result of a given matcher as a boolean with an assertion error message if any.
+    It handles two types of matcher :
+    - a matcher returning a boolean value.
+    - a matcher that only makes an assert, returning None or raises an assertion error.
+    """
+    assertion_message = None
+    try:
+        match = matcher_function(*args)
+        match = True if match is None else match
+    except AssertionError as e:
+        match = False
+        assertion_message = str(e)
+    return match, assertion_message
+
+
+def get_matchers_results(r1, r2, matchers):
+    """
+    Get the comparison results of two requests as two list.
+    The first returned list represents the matchers names that passed.
+    The second list is the failed matchers as a string with failed assertion details if any.
+    """
+    matches_success, matches_fails = [], []
+    for m in matchers:
+        matcher_name = m.__name__
+        match, assertion_message = _evaluate_matcher(m, r1, r2)
+        if match:
+            matches_success.append(matcher_name)
+        else:
+            assertion_message = get_assertion_message(assertion_message)
+            matches_fails.append((matcher_name, assertion_message))
+    return matches_success, matches_fails
+
+
+def get_assertion_message(assertion_details):
+    """
+    Get a detailed message about the failing matcher.
+    """
+    return assertion_details

vcr/migration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""
+Migration script for old 'yaml' and 'json' cassettes
+
+.. warning:: Backup your cassettes files before migration.
+
+It merges and deletes the request obsolete keys (protocol, host, port, path)
+into new 'uri' key.
+Usage::
+
+    python3 -m vcr.migration PATH
+
+The PATH can be path to the directory with cassettes or cassette itself
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+import yaml
+
+from . import request
+from .serialize import serialize
+from .serializers import jsonserializer, yamlserializer
+from .stubs.compat import get_httpmessage
+
+# Use the libYAML versions if possible
+try:
+    from yaml import CLoader as Loader
+except ImportError:
+    from yaml import Loader
+
+
+def preprocess_yaml(cassette):
+    # this is the hack that makes the whole thing work.  The old version used
+    # to deserialize to Request objects automatically using pyYaml's !!python
+    # tag system.  This made it difficult to deserialize old cassettes on new
+    # versions.  So this just strips the tags before deserializing.
+
+    STRINGS_TO_NUKE = [
+        "!!python/object:vcr.request.Request",
+        "!!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset",
+        "!!python/object/apply:builtins.frozenset",
+    ]
+    for s in STRINGS_TO_NUKE:
+        cassette = cassette.replace(s, "")
+    return cassette
+
+
+PARTS = ["protocol", "host", "port", "path"]
+
+
+def build_uri(**parts):
+    port = parts["port"]
+    scheme = parts["protocol"]
+    default_port = {"https": 443, "http": 80}[scheme]
+    parts["port"] = f":{port}" if port != default_port else ""
+    return "{protocol}://{host}{port}{path}".format(**parts)
+
+
+def _migrate(data):
+    interactions = []
+    for item in data:
+        req = item["request"]
+        res = item["response"]
+        uri = {k: req.pop(k) for k in PARTS}
+        req["uri"] = build_uri(**uri)
+        # convert headers to dict of lists
+        headers = req["headers"]
+        for k in headers:
+            headers[k] = [headers[k]]
+        response_headers = {}
+        for k, v in get_httpmessage(b"".join(h.encode("utf-8") for h in res["headers"])).items():
+            response_headers.setdefault(k, [])
+            response_headers[k].append(v)
+        res["headers"] = response_headers
+        interactions.append({"request": req, "response": res})
+    return {
+        "requests": [request.Request._from_dict(i["request"]) for i in interactions],
+        "responses": [i["response"] for i in interactions],
+    }
+
+
+def migrate_json(in_fp, out_fp):
+    data = json.load(in_fp)
+    if _already_migrated(data):
+        return False
+    interactions = _migrate(data)
+    out_fp.write(serialize(interactions, jsonserializer))
+    return True
+
+
+def _list_of_tuples_to_dict(fs):
+    return {k: v for k, v in fs[0]}
+
+
+def _already_migrated(data):
+    try:
+        if data.get("version") == 1:
+            return True
+    except AttributeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def migrate_yml(in_fp, out_fp):
+    data = yaml.load(preprocess_yaml(in_fp.read()), Loader=Loader)
+    if _already_migrated(data):
+        return False
+    for i in range(len(data)):
+        data[i]["request"]["headers"] = _list_of_tuples_to_dict(data[i]["request"]["headers"])
+    interactions = _migrate(data)
+    out_fp.write(serialize(interactions, yamlserializer))
+    return True
+
+
+def migrate(file_path, migration_fn):
+    # because we assume that original files can be reverted
+    # we will try to copy the content. (os.rename not needed)
+    with tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode="w+") as out_fp:
+        with open(file_path) as in_fp:
+            if not migration_fn(in_fp, out_fp):
+                return False
+        with open(file_path, "w") as in_fp:
+            out_fp.seek(0)
+            shutil.copyfileobj(out_fp, in_fp)
+        return True
+
+
+def try_migrate(path):
+    if path.endswith(".json"):
+        return migrate(path, migrate_json)
+    elif path.endswith(".yaml") or path.endswith(".yml"):
+        return migrate(path, migrate_yml)
+    return False
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        raise SystemExit(
+            "Please provide path to cassettes directory or file. " "Usage: python3 -m vcr.migration PATH"
+        )
+
+    path = sys.argv[1]
+    if not os.path.isabs(path):
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+    files = [path]
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        files = (os.path.join(root, name) for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(path) for name in files)
+    for file_path in files:
+        migrated = try_migrate(file_path)
+        status = "OK" if migrated else "FAIL"
+        sys.stderr.write(f"[{status}] {file_path}\n")
+    sys.stderr.write("Done.\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

vcr/patch.py

@@ -1,75 +1,474 @@
-'''Utilities for patching in cassettes'''
+"""Utilities for patching in cassettes"""
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import http.client as httplib
+import itertools
+import logging
+from unittest import mock
 
-import httplib
 from .stubs import VCRHTTPConnection, VCRHTTPSConnection
 
-
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Save some of the original types for the purposes of unpatching
 _HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTPConnection
 _HTTPSConnection = httplib.HTTPSConnection
 
+# Try to save the original types for boto3
 try:
-    # Try to save the original types for requests
-    import requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
-    _VerifiedHTTPSConnection = cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
-    _HTTPConnection = cpool.HTTPConnection
+    from botocore.awsrequest import AWSHTTPConnection, AWSHTTPSConnection
+except ImportError as e:
+    try:
+        import botocore.vendored.requests  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "vcrpy >=4.2.2 and botocore <1.11.0 are not compatible"
+            "; please upgrade botocore (or downgrade vcrpy)"
+        ) from e
+else:
+    _Boto3VerifiedHTTPSConnection = AWSHTTPSConnection
+    _cpoolBoto3HTTPConnection = AWSHTTPConnection
+    _cpoolBoto3HTTPSConnection = AWSHTTPSConnection
+
+cpool = None
+conn = None
+# Try to save the original types for urllib3
+try:
+    import urllib3.connection as conn
+    import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
     pass
+else:
+    _VerifiedHTTPSConnection = conn.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
+    _connHTTPConnection = conn.HTTPConnection
+    _connHTTPSConnection = conn.HTTPSConnection
 
+# Try to save the original types for requests
 try:
-    # Try to save the original types for urllib3
-    import urllib3
-    _VerifiedHTTPSConnection = urllib3.connectionpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection
+    import requests
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
     pass
+else:
+    if requests.__build__ < 0x021602:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "vcrpy >=4.2.2 and requests <2.16.2 are not compatible"
+            "; please upgrade requests (or downgrade vcrpy)"
+        )
 
 
-def install(cassette):
-    '''Install a cassette in lieu of actuall fetching'''
-    httplib.HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTP._connection_class = VCRHTTPConnection
-    httplib.HTTPSConnection = httplib.HTTPS._connection_class = (
-        VCRHTTPSConnection)
-    httplib.HTTPConnection.cassette = cassette
-    httplib.HTTPSConnection.cassette = cassette
+# Try to save the original types for httplib2
+try:
+    import httplib2
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+    _HTTPConnectionWithTimeout = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout
+    _HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout = httplib2.HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
+    _SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION = httplib2.SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION
+
+# Try to save the original types for boto
+try:
+    import boto.https_connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+    _CertValidatingHTTPSConnection = boto.https_connection.CertValidatingHTTPSConnection
+
+# Try to save the original types for Tornado
+try:
+    import tornado.simple_httpclient
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+    _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl = tornado.simple_httpclient.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient.fetch_impl
+
+try:
+    import tornado.curl_httpclient
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+    _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl = tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient.fetch_impl
+
+try:
+    import aiohttp.client
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+    _AiohttpClientSessionRequest = aiohttp.client.ClientSession._request
+
+
+try:
+    import httpx
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+    _HttpxSyncClient_send = httpx.Client.send
+    _HttpxAsyncClient_send = httpx.AsyncClient.send
+
+
+class CassettePatcherBuilder:
+    def _build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator(function):
+        @functools.wraps(function)
+        def wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            return self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(function(self, *args, **kwargs))
+
+        return wrapped
+
+    def __init__(self, cassette):
+        self._cassette = cassette
+        self._class_to_cassette_subclass = {}
+
+    def build(self):
+        return itertools.chain(
+            self._httplib(),
+            self._requests(),
+            self._boto3(),
+            self._urllib3(),
+            self._httplib2(),
+            self._boto(),
+            self._tornado(),
+            self._aiohttp(),
+            self._httpx(),
+            self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(self._cassette.custom_patches),
+        )
+
+    def _build_patchers_from_mock_triples(self, mock_triples):
+        for args in mock_triples:
+            patcher = self._build_patcher(*args)
+            if patcher:
+                yield patcher
+
+    def _build_patcher(self, obj, patched_attribute, replacement_class):
+        if not hasattr(obj, patched_attribute):
+            return
+
+        return mock.patch.object(
+            obj, patched_attribute, self._recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(replacement_class)
+        )
+
+    def _recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(self, replacement_dict_or_obj):
+        """One of the subtleties of this class is that it does not directly
+        replace HTTPSConnection with `VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection`, but a
+        subclass of the aforementioned class that has the `cassette`
+        class attribute assigned to `self._cassette`. This behavior is
+        necessary to properly support nested cassette contexts.
+
+        This function exists to ensure that we use the same class
+        object (reference) to patch everything that replaces
+        VCRRequestHTTP[S]Connection, but that we can talk about
+        patching them with the raw references instead, and without
+        worrying about exactly where the subclass with the relevant
+        value for `cassette` is first created.
+
+        The function is recursive because it looks in to dictionaries
+        and replaces class values at any depth with the subclass
+        described in the previous paragraph.
+        """
+        if isinstance(replacement_dict_or_obj, dict):
+            for key, replacement_obj in replacement_dict_or_obj.items():
+                replacement_obj = self._recursively_apply_get_cassette_subclass(replacement_obj)
+                replacement_dict_or_obj[key] = replacement_obj
+            return replacement_dict_or_obj
+        if hasattr(replacement_dict_or_obj, "cassette"):
+            replacement_dict_or_obj = self._get_cassette_subclass(replacement_dict_or_obj)
+        return replacement_dict_or_obj
+
+    def _get_cassette_subclass(self, klass):
+        if klass.cassette is not None:
+            return klass
+        if klass not in self._class_to_cassette_subclass:
+            subclass = self._build_cassette_subclass(klass)
+            self._class_to_cassette_subclass[klass] = subclass
+        return self._class_to_cassette_subclass[klass]
+
+    def _build_cassette_subclass(self, base_class):
+        bases = (base_class,)
+        if not issubclass(base_class, object):  # Check for old style class
+            bases += (object,)
+        return type(f"{base_class.__name__}{self._cassette._path}", bases, dict(cassette=self._cassette))
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _httplib(self):
+        yield httplib, "HTTPConnection", VCRHTTPConnection
+        yield httplib, "HTTPSConnection", VCRHTTPSConnection
+
+    def _requests(self):
+        try:
+            from .stubs import requests_stubs
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return ()
+        return self._urllib3_patchers(cpool, conn, requests_stubs)
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _boto3(self):
+        try:
+            # botocore using awsrequest
+            import botocore.awsrequest as cpool
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        else:
+            from .stubs import boto3_stubs
+
+            log.debug("Patching boto3 cpool with %s", cpool)
+            yield cpool.AWSHTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", boto3_stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection
+            yield cpool.AWSHTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", boto3_stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection
+
+    def _patched_get_conn(self, connection_pool_class, connection_class_getter):
+        get_conn = connection_pool_class._get_conn
+
+        @functools.wraps(get_conn)
+        def patched_get_conn(pool, timeout=None):
+            connection = get_conn(pool, timeout)
+            connection_class = (
+                pool.ConnectionCls if hasattr(pool, "ConnectionCls") else connection_class_getter()
+            )
+            # We need to make sure that we are actually providing a
+            # patched version of the connection class. This might not
+            # always be the case because the pool keeps previously
+            # used connections (which might actually be of a different
+            # class) around. This while loop will terminate because
+            # eventually the pool will run out of connections.
+            while not isinstance(connection, connection_class):
+                connection = get_conn(pool, timeout)
+            return connection
+
+        return patched_get_conn
+
+    def _patched_new_conn(self, connection_pool_class, connection_remover):
+        new_conn = connection_pool_class._new_conn
+
+        @functools.wraps(new_conn)
+        def patched_new_conn(pool):
+            new_connection = new_conn(pool)
+            connection_remover.add_connection_to_pool_entry(pool, new_connection)
+            return new_connection
+
+        return patched_new_conn
+
+    def _urllib3(self):
+        try:
+            import urllib3.connection as conn
+            import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return ()
+        from .stubs import urllib3_stubs
+
+        return self._urllib3_patchers(cpool, conn, urllib3_stubs)
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _httplib2(self):
+        try:
+            import httplib2 as cpool
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        else:
+            from .stubs.httplib2_stubs import VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout, VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
+
+            yield cpool, "HTTPConnectionWithTimeout", VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout
+            yield cpool, "HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout", VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout
+            yield cpool, "SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION", {
+                "http": VCRHTTPConnectionWithTimeout,
+                "https": VCRHTTPSConnectionWithTimeout,
+            }
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _boto(self):
+        try:
+            import boto.https_connection as cpool
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        else:
+            from .stubs.boto_stubs import VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
+
+            yield cpool, "CertValidatingHTTPSConnection", VCRCertValidatingHTTPSConnection
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _tornado(self):
+        try:
+            import tornado.simple_httpclient as simple
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        else:
+            from .stubs.tornado_stubs import vcr_fetch_impl
+
+            new_fetch_impl = vcr_fetch_impl(self._cassette, _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+            yield simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", new_fetch_impl
+        try:
+            import tornado.curl_httpclient as curl
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        else:
+            from .stubs.tornado_stubs import vcr_fetch_impl
+
+            new_fetch_impl = vcr_fetch_impl(self._cassette, _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+            yield curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", new_fetch_impl
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _aiohttp(self):
+        try:
+            import aiohttp.client as client
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        else:
+            from .stubs.aiohttp_stubs import vcr_request
+
+            new_request = vcr_request(self._cassette, _AiohttpClientSessionRequest)
+            yield client.ClientSession, "_request", new_request
+
+    @_build_patchers_from_mock_triples_decorator
+    def _httpx(self):
+        try:
+            import httpx
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        else:
+            from .stubs.httpx_stubs import async_vcr_send, sync_vcr_send
+
+            new_async_client_send = async_vcr_send(self._cassette, _HttpxAsyncClient_send)
+            yield httpx.AsyncClient, "send", new_async_client_send
+
+            new_sync_client_send = sync_vcr_send(self._cassette, _HttpxSyncClient_send)
+            yield httpx.Client, "send", new_sync_client_send
+
+    def _urllib3_patchers(self, cpool, conn, stubs):
+        http_connection_remover = ConnectionRemover(
+            self._get_cassette_subclass(stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection)
+        )
+        https_connection_remover = ConnectionRemover(
+            self._get_cassette_subclass(stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection)
+        )
+        mock_triples = (
+            (conn, "VerifiedHTTPSConnection", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
+            (conn, "HTTPConnection", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection),
+            (conn, "HTTPSConnection", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
+            (cpool, "is_connection_dropped", mock.Mock(return_value=False)),  # Needed on Windows only
+            (cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPConnection),
+            (cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", stubs.VCRRequestsHTTPSConnection),
+        )
+        # These handle making sure that sessions only use the
+        # connections of the appropriate type.
+        mock_triples += (
+            (
+                cpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
+                "_get_conn",
+                self._patched_get_conn(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, lambda: cpool.HTTPConnection),
+            ),
+            (
+                cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool,
+                "_get_conn",
+                self._patched_get_conn(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, lambda: cpool.HTTPSConnection),
+            ),
+            (
+                cpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
+                "_new_conn",
+                self._patched_new_conn(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, http_connection_remover),
+            ),
+            (
+                cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool,
+                "_new_conn",
+                self._patched_new_conn(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, https_connection_remover),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        return itertools.chain(
+            self._build_patchers_from_mock_triples(mock_triples),
+            (http_connection_remover, https_connection_remover),
+        )
+
+
+class ConnectionRemover:
+    def __init__(self, connection_class):
+        self._connection_class = connection_class
+        self._connection_pool_to_connections = {}
+
+    def add_connection_to_pool_entry(self, pool, connection):
+        if isinstance(connection, self._connection_class):
+            self._connection_pool_to_connections.setdefault(pool, set()).add(connection)
+
+    def remove_connection_to_pool_entry(self, pool, connection):
+        if isinstance(connection, self._connection_class):
+            self._connection_pool_to_connections[self._connection_class].remove(connection)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        for pool, connections in self._connection_pool_to_connections.items():
+            readd_connections = []
+            while pool.pool and not pool.pool.empty() and connections:
+                connection = pool.pool.get()
+                if isinstance(connection, self._connection_class):
+                    connections.remove(connection)
+                else:
+                    readd_connections.append(connection)
+            for connection in readd_connections:
+                pool._put_conn(connection)
+
+
+def reset_patchers():
+    yield mock.patch.object(httplib, "HTTPConnection", _HTTPConnection)
+    yield mock.patch.object(httplib, "HTTPSConnection", _HTTPSConnection)
 
-    # patch requests
-    try:
-        import requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
-        from .stubs.requests_stubs import VCRVerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection = VCRVerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection.cassette = cassette
-        cpool.HTTPConnection = VCRHTTPConnection
-        cpool.HTTPConnection.cassette = cassette
-    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-        pass
-
-    # patch urllib3
     try:
+        import urllib3.connection as conn
         import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
-        from .stubs.urllib3_stubs import VCRVerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection = VCRVerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection.cassette = cassette
-        cpool.HTTPConnection = VCRHTTPConnection
-        cpool.HTTPConnection.cassette = cassette
-    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-        pass
-
-
-def reset():
-    '''Undo all the patching'''
-    httplib.HTTPConnection = httplib.HTTP._connection_class = _HTTPConnection
-    httplib.HTTPSConnection = httplib.HTTPS._connection_class = \
-        _HTTPSConnection
-    try:
-        import requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
-        cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection = _VerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        cpool.HTTPConnection = _HTTPConnection
     except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
         pass
+    else:
+        yield mock.patch.object(conn, "VerifiedHTTPSConnection", _VerifiedHTTPSConnection)
+        yield mock.patch.object(conn, "HTTPConnection", _connHTTPConnection)
+        yield mock.patch.object(conn, "HTTPSConnection", _connHTTPSConnection)
+        if hasattr(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls"):
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _connHTTPConnection)
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.HTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _connHTTPSConnection)
 
     try:
-        import urllib3.connectionpool as cpool
-        cpool.VerifiedHTTPSConnection = _VerifiedHTTPSConnection
-        cpool.HTTPConnection = _HTTPConnection
+        # unpatch botocore with awsrequest
+        import botocore.awsrequest as cpool
     except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
         pass
+    else:
+        if hasattr(cpool.AWSHTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls"):
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.AWSHTTPConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _cpoolBoto3HTTPConnection)
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool.AWSHTTPSConnectionPool, "ConnectionCls", _cpoolBoto3HTTPSConnection)
+
+        if hasattr(cpool, "AWSHTTPSConnection"):
+            yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "AWSHTTPSConnection", _cpoolBoto3HTTPSConnection)
+
+    try:
+        import httplib2 as cpool
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    else:
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "HTTPConnectionWithTimeout", _HTTPConnectionWithTimeout)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout", _HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout)
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION", _SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION)
+
+    try:
+        import boto.https_connection as cpool
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    else:
+        yield mock.patch.object(cpool, "CertValidatingHTTPSConnection", _CertValidatingHTTPSConnection)
+
+    try:
+        import tornado.simple_httpclient as simple
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    else:
+        yield mock.patch.object(simple.SimpleAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", _SimpleAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+    try:
+        import tornado.curl_httpclient as curl
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    else:
+        yield mock.patch.object(curl.CurlAsyncHTTPClient, "fetch_impl", _CurlAsyncHTTPClient_fetch_impl)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def force_reset():
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+        for patcher in reset_patchers():
+            exit_stack.enter_context(patcher)
+        yield

vcr/persist.py

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-from .persisters.filesystem import FilesystemPersister
-
-
-def load_cassette(cassette_path, serializer):
-    with open(cassette_path) as f:
-        return serializer.deserialize(f.read())
-
-
-def save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer):
-    data = serializer.serialize(cassette_dict)
-    FilesystemPersister.write(cassette_path, data)

vcr/persisters/filesystem.py

@@ -1,23 +1,40 @@
-import tempfile
-import os
+# .. _persister_example:
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ..serialize import deserialize, serialize
 
 
-class FilesystemPersister(object):
+class CassetteNotFoundError(FileNotFoundError):
+    pass
+
+
+class CassetteDecodeError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class FilesystemPersister:
     @classmethod
-    def _secure_write(cls, path, contents):
-        """
-        We'll overwrite the old version securely by writing out a temporary
-        version and then moving it to replace the old version
-        """
-        dirname, filename = os.path.split(path)
-        fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=dirname, prefix=filename)
-        with os.fdopen(fd, 'w') as fout:
-            fout.write(contents)
-            os.rename(name, path)
+    def load_cassette(cls, cassette_path, serializer):
+        cassette_path = Path(cassette_path)  # if cassette path is already Path this is no operation
+        if not cassette_path.is_file():
+            raise CassetteNotFoundError()
+        try:
+            with cassette_path.open() as f:
+                data = f.read()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as err:
+            raise CassetteDecodeError("Can't read Cassette, Encoding is broken") from err
 
-    @classmethod
-    def write(cls, cassette_path, data):
-        dirname, filename = os.path.split(cassette_path)
-        if dirname and not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-        cls._secure_write(cassette_path, data)
+        return deserialize(data, serializer)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def save_cassette(cassette_path, cassette_dict, serializer):
+        data = serialize(cassette_dict, serializer)
+        cassette_path = Path(cassette_path)  # if cassette path is already Path this is no operation
+
+        cassette_folder = cassette_path.parent
+        if not cassette_folder.exists():
+            cassette_folder.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+        with cassette_path.open("w") as f:
+            f.write(data)

vcr/record_mode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class RecordMode(str, Enum):
+    """
+    Configures when VCR will record to the cassette.
+
+    Can be declared by either using the enumerated value (`vcr.mode.ONCE`)
+    or by simply using the defined string (`once`).
+
+    `ALL`: Every request is recorded.
+    `ANY`: ?
+    `NEW_EPISODES`: Any request not found in the cassette is recorded.
+    `NONE`: No requests are recorded.
+    `ONCE`:  First set of requests is recorded, all others are replayed.
+    Attempting to add a new episode fails.
+    """
+
+    ALL = "all"
+    ANY = "any"
+    NEW_EPISODES = "new_episodes"
+    NONE = "none"
+    ONCE = "once"

vcr/request.py

@@ -1,52 +1,140 @@
-class Request(object):
+import logging
+import warnings
+from io import BytesIO
+from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urlparse
 
-    def __init__(self, protocol, host, port, method, path, body, headers):
-        self.protocol = protocol
-        self.host = host
-        self.port = port
+from .util import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Request:
+    """
+    VCR's representation of a request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, method, uri, body, headers):
         self.method = method
-        self.path = path
-        self.body = body
-        # make headers a frozenset so it will be hashable
-        self.headers = frozenset(headers.items())
+        self.uri = uri
+        self._was_file = hasattr(body, "read")
+        if self._was_file:
+            self.body = body.read()
+        else:
+            self.body = body
+        self.headers = headers
+        log.debug("Invoking Request %s", self.uri)
 
     @property
-    def url(self):
-        return "{0}://{1}{2}".format(self.protocol, self.host, self.path)
+    def headers(self):
+        return self._headers
 
-    def __key(self):
-        return (
-            self.host,
-            self.port,
-            self.method,
-            self.path,
-            self.body,
-            self.headers
+    @headers.setter
+    def headers(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, HeadersDict):
+            value = HeadersDict(value)
+        self._headers = value
+
+    @property
+    def body(self):
+        return BytesIO(self._body) if self._was_file else self._body
+
+    @body.setter
+    def body(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = value.encode("utf-8")
+        self._body = value
+
+    def add_header(self, key, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Request.add_header is deprecated. " "Please assign to request.headers instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
         )
+        self.headers[key] = value
 
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(self.__key())
+    @property
+    def scheme(self):
+        return urlparse(self.uri).scheme
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return hash(self) == hash(other)
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        return urlparse(self.uri).hostname
+
+    @property
+    def port(self):
+        parse_uri = urlparse(self.uri)
+        port = parse_uri.port
+        if port is None:
+            try:
+                port = {"https": 443, "http": 80}[parse_uri.scheme]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        return port
+
+    @property
+    def path(self):
+        return urlparse(self.uri).path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self):
+        q = urlparse(self.uri).query
+        return sorted(parse_qsl(q))
+
+    # alias for backwards compatibility
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        return self.uri
+
+    # alias for backwards compatibility
+    @property
+    def protocol(self):
+        return self.scheme
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "<Request ({0}) {1}>".format(self.method, self.url)
+        return f"<Request ({self.method}) {self.uri}>"
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return self.__str__()
 
     def _to_dict(self):
         return {
-            'protocol': self.protocol,
-            'host': self.host,
-            'port': self.port,
-            'method': self.method,
-            'path': self.path,
-            'body': self.body,
-            'headers': self.headers,
+            "method": self.method,
+            "uri": self.uri,
+            "body": self.body,
+            "headers": {k: [v] for k, v in self.headers.items()},
         }
 
     @classmethod
     def _from_dict(cls, dct):
         return Request(**dct)
+
+
+class HeadersDict(CaseInsensitiveDict):
+    """
+    There is a weird quirk in HTTP.  You can send the same header twice.  For
+    this reason, headers are represented by a dict, with lists as the values.
+    However, it appears that HTTPlib is completely incapable of sending the
+    same header twice.  This puts me in a weird position: I want to be able to
+    accurately represent HTTP headers in cassettes, but I don't want the extra
+    step of always having to do [0] in the general case, i.e.
+    request.headers['key'][0]
+
+    In addition, some servers sometimes send the same header more than once,
+    and httplib *can* deal with this situation.
+
+    Furthermore, I wanted to keep the request and response cassette format as
+    similar as possible.
+
+    For this reason, in cassettes I keep a dict with lists as keys, but once
+    deserialized into VCR, I keep them as plain, naked dicts.
+    """
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+            value = value[0]
+
+        # Preserve the case from the first time this key was set.
+        old = self._store.get(key.lower())
+        if old:
+            key = old[0]
+
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)

vcr/serialize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import yaml
+
+from vcr.request import Request
+from vcr.serializers import compat
+
+# version 1 cassettes started with VCR 1.0.x.
+# Before 1.0.x, there was no versioning.
+CASSETTE_FORMAT_VERSION = 1
+
+"""
+Just a general note on the serialization philosophy here:
+I prefer cassettes to be human-readable if possible.  Yaml serializes
+bytestrings to !!binary, which isn't readable, so I would like to serialize to
+strings and from strings, which yaml will encode as utf-8 automatically.
+All the internal HTTP stuff expects bytestrings, so this whole serialization
+process feels backwards.
+
+Serializing: bytestring -> string (yaml persists to utf-8)
+Deserializing: string (yaml converts from utf-8) -> bytestring
+"""
+
+
+def _looks_like_an_old_cassette(data):
+    return isinstance(data, list) and len(data) and "request" in data[0]
+
+
+def _warn_about_old_cassette_format():
+    raise ValueError(
+        "Your cassette files were generated in an older version "
+        "of VCR. Delete your cassettes or run the migration script."
+        "See http://git.io/mHhLBg for more details."
+    )
+
+
+def deserialize(cassette_string, serializer):
+    try:
+        data = serializer.deserialize(cassette_string)
+    # Old cassettes used to use yaml object thingy so I have to
+    # check for some fairly stupid exceptions here
+    except (ImportError, yaml.constructor.ConstructorError):
+        _warn_about_old_cassette_format()
+    if _looks_like_an_old_cassette(data):
+        _warn_about_old_cassette_format()
+
+    requests = [Request._from_dict(r["request"]) for r in data["interactions"]]
+    responses = [compat.convert_to_bytes(r["response"]) for r in data["interactions"]]
+    return requests, responses
+
+
+def serialize(cassette_dict, serializer):
+    interactions = [
+        {
+            "request": compat.convert_to_unicode(request._to_dict()),
+            "response": compat.convert_to_unicode(response),
+        }
+        for request, response in zip(cassette_dict["requests"], cassette_dict["responses"])
+    ]
+    data = {"version": CASSETTE_FORMAT_VERSION, "interactions": interactions}
+    return serializer.serialize(data)

vcr/serializers/compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+def convert_to_bytes(resp):
+    resp = convert_body_to_bytes(resp)
+    return resp
+
+
+def convert_to_unicode(resp):
+    resp = convert_body_to_unicode(resp)
+    return resp
+
+
+def convert_body_to_bytes(resp):
+    """
+    If the request body is a string, encode it to bytes (for python3 support)
+
+    By default yaml serializes to utf-8 encoded bytestrings.
+    When this cassette is loaded by python3, it's automatically decoded
+    into unicode strings. This makes sure that it stays a bytestring, since
+    that's what all the internal httplib machinery is expecting.
+
+    For more info on py3 yaml:
+    http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation#Python3support
+    """
+    try:
+        if resp["body"]["string"] is not None and not isinstance(resp["body"]["string"], bytes):
+            resp["body"]["string"] = resp["body"]["string"].encode("utf-8")
+    except (KeyError, TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError):
+        # The thing we were converting either wasn't a dictionary or didn't
+        # have the keys we were expecting.  Some of the tests just serialize
+        # and deserialize a string.
+
+        # Also, sometimes the thing actually is binary, so if you can't encode
+        # it, just give up.
+        pass
+    return resp
+
+
+def _convert_string_to_unicode(string):
+    """
+    If the string is bytes, decode it to a string (for python3 support)
+    """
+    result = string
+
+    try:
+        if string is not None and not isinstance(string, str):
+            result = string.decode("utf-8")
+    except (TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError, AttributeError):
+        # Sometimes the string actually is binary or StringIO object,
+        # so if you can't decode it, just give up.
+        pass
+
+    return result
+
+
+def convert_body_to_unicode(resp):
+    """
+    If the request or responses body is bytes, decode it to a string
+    (for python3 support)
+    """
+    if type(resp) is not dict:
+        # Some of the tests just serialize and deserialize a string.
+        return _convert_string_to_unicode(resp)
+    else:
+        body = resp.get("body")
+
+        if body is not None:
+            try:
+                body["string"] = _convert_string_to_unicode(body["string"])
+            except (KeyError, TypeError, AttributeError):
+                # The thing we were converting either wasn't a dictionary or
+                # didn't have the keys we were expecting.
+                # For example request object has no 'string' key.
+                resp["body"] = _convert_string_to_unicode(body)
+
+    return resp

vcr/serializers/jsonserializer.py

@@ -1,34 +1,29 @@
-from vcr.request import Request
 try:
     import simplejson as json
 except ImportError:
     import json
 
 
-def _json_default(obj):
-    if isinstance(obj, frozenset):
-        return dict(obj)
-    return obj
-
-
-def _fix_response_unicode(d):
-    d['body']['string'] = d['body']['string'].encode('utf-8')
-    return d
-
-
 def deserialize(cassette_string):
-    data = json.loads(cassette_string)
-    requests = [Request._from_dict(r['request']) for r in data]
-    responses = [_fix_response_unicode(r['response']) for r in data]
-    return requests, responses
+    return json.loads(cassette_string)
 
 
 def serialize(cassette_dict):
-    data = ([{
-        'request': request._to_dict(),
-        'response': response,
-    } for request, response in zip(
-        cassette_dict['requests'],
-        cassette_dict['responses']
-    )])
-    return json.dumps(data, indent=4, default=_json_default)
+    error_message = (
+        "Does this HTTP interaction contain binary data? "
+        "If so, use a different serializer (like the yaml serializer) "
+        "for this request?"
+    )
+
+    try:
+        return json.dumps(cassette_dict, indent=4) + "\n"
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as original:  # py2
+        raise UnicodeDecodeError(
+            original.encoding,
+            b"Error serializing cassette to JSON",
+            original.start,
+            original.end,
+            original.args[-1] + error_message,
+        )
+    except TypeError:  # py3
+        raise TypeError(error_message)

vcr/serializers/yamlserializer.py

@@ -2,24 +2,15 @@ import yaml
 
 # Use the libYAML versions if possible
 try:
-    from yaml import CLoader as Loader, CDumper as Dumper
+    from yaml import CDumper as Dumper
+    from yaml import CLoader as Loader
 except ImportError:
-    from yaml import Loader, Dumper
+    from yaml import Dumper, Loader
 
 
 def deserialize(cassette_string):
-    data = yaml.load(cassette_string, Loader=Loader)
-    requests = [r['request'] for r in data]
-    responses = [r['response'] for r in data]
-    return requests, responses
+    return yaml.load(cassette_string, Loader=Loader)
 
 
 def serialize(cassette_dict):
-    data = ([{
-        'request': request,
-        'response': response,
-    } for request, response in zip(
-        cassette_dict['requests'],
-        cassette_dict['responses']
-    )])
-    return yaml.dump(data, Dumper=Dumper)
+    return yaml.dump(cassette_dict, Dumper=Dumper)