Update README.md

Add backwards-compatible cassette loading code that can load
the old style header dicts from response cassettes.

.travis.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ env:
 python:
   - 2.6
   - 2.7
-  - pypy
 install: 
   - pip install PyYAML pytest --use-mirrors
   - if [ $WITH_REQUESTS = "1.x" ] ; then pip install requests==1.2.3; fi

README.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ This should work with Python 2.6 and 2.7, and [pypy](http://pypy.org).
 
 Currently I've only tested this with urllib2, urllib3, and requests.  It's known to *NOT WORK* with urllib.
 
-##How to use it
+##Usage
 ```python
 import vcr
 import urllib2
@@ -40,6 +40,17 @@ pass, even if you are offline, or iana.org goes down for maintenance) and
 accurate (the response will contain the same headers and body you get from a
 real request).
 
+You can also use VCR.py as a decorator.  The same request above would look like this:
+
+```
+@vcr.use_cassette('fixtures/vcr_cassettes/synopsis.yaml'):
+def test_iana():
+    response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.iana.org/domains/reserved').read()
+    assert 'Example domains' in response
+```
+
+All of the parameters and configuration works the same for the decorator version.
+
 ## Configuration
 
 If you don't like VCR's defaults, you can set options by instantiating a
@@ -162,7 +173,7 @@ part of the API.  The fields are as follows:
 * `responses`: A list of the responses made.
 * `play_count`: The number of times this cassette has had a response
   played back
-* `response_of(request)`: Access the response for a given request.
+* `responses_of(request)`: Access the responses that match a given request
 
 The Request object has the following properties
 
@@ -257,6 +268,8 @@ This library is a work in progress, so the API might change on you.
 There are probably some [bugs](https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues?labels=bug&page=1&state=open) floating around too.
 
 ##Changelog
+* 0.6.0: Store response headers as a list since a HTTP response can have the same header twice (happens with set-cookie sometimes).  This has the added benefit of preserving the order of headers. Thanks @smallcode for the bug report leading to this change.  I have made an effort to ensure backwards compatibility with the old cassettes' header storage mechanism, but if you want to upgrade to the new header storage, you should delete your cassettes and re-record them.  Also this release adds better error messages (thanks @msabramo) and adds support for using VCR as a decorator (thanks @smallcode for the motivation)
+* 0.5.0: Change the `response_of` method to `responses_of` since cassettes can now contain more than one response for a request.  Since this changes the API, I'm bumping the version.  Also includes 2 bugfixes: a better error message when attempting to overwrite a cassette file, and a fix for a bug with requests sessions (thanks @msabramo)
 * 0.4.0: Change default request recording behavior for multiple requests.  If you make the same request multiple times to the same URL, the response might be different each time (maybe the response has a timestamp in it or something), so this will make the same request multiple times and save them all.  Then, when you are replaying the cassette, the responses will be played back in the same order in which they were received.  If you were making multiple requests to the same URL in a cassette before version 0.4.0, you might need to regenerate your cassette files.  Also, removes support for the cassette.play_count counter API, since individual requests aren't unique anymore.  A cassette might contain the same request several times.  Also removes secure overwrite feature since that was breaking overwriting files in Windows, and fixes a bug preventing request's automatic body decompression from working.
 * 0.3.5: Fix compatibility with requests 2.x
 * 0.3.4: Bugfix: close file before renaming it.  This fixes an issue on Windows.  Thanks @smallcode for the fix.

setup.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class PyTest(TestCommand):
         sys.exit(errno)
 
 setup(name='vcrpy',
-      version='0.4.0',
+      version='0.6.0',
       description="Automatically mock your HTTP interactions to simplify and speed up testing",
       author='Kevin McCarthy',
       author_email='me@kevinmccarthy.org',
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ setup(name='vcrpy',
         'vcr.compat': 'vcr/compat',
         'vcr.persisters': 'vcr/persisters',
       },
-      install_requires=['PyYAML'],
+      install_requires=['PyYAML','contextdecorator'],
       license='MIT',
       tests_require=['pytest','mock'],
       cmdclass={'test': PyTest},

tests/fixtures/wild/domain_redirect.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+- request: !!python/object:vcr.request.Request
+    body: null
+    headers: !!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset
+    - - !!python/tuple [Accept-Encoding, 'gzip, deflate, compress']
+      - !!python/tuple [User-Agent, vcrpy-test]
+      - !!python/tuple [Accept, '*/*']
+    host: seomoz.org
+    method: GET
+    path: /
+    port: 80
+    protocol: http
+  response:
+    body: {string: ''}
+    headers: ["Location: http://moz.com/\r\n", "Server: BigIP\r\n", "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n",
+      "Content-Length: 0\r\n"]
+    status: {code: 301, message: Moved Permanently}
 - request: !!python/object:vcr.request.Request
     body: null
     headers: !!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset
@@ -12,120 +28,110 @@
   response:
     body:
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+        H/31Fxff7Ue851J+//Y3HMaNw24fv2LiZ+n5fxrT+T8T/YhcRkYAAA==
+    headers: ["Server: nginx\r\n", "Content-Type: text/html\r\n", "Vary: Accept-Encoding\r\n",
+      "Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate, s-maxage=3600\r\n", "Expires: Fri,
+        15 Oct 2004 12:00:00 GMT\r\n", "Server-Name: dalmozwww01.dal.moz.com\r\n",
+      "Content-Encoding: gzip\r\n", "Content-Length: 5683\r\n", "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n",
+      "Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 18:45:11 GMT\r\n", "X-Varnish: 918768771 918700396\r\n",
+      "Age: 3479\r\n", "Via: 1.1 varnish\r\n", "Connection: keep-alive\r\n"]
     status: {code: 200, message: OK}
-- request: !!python/object:vcr.request.Request
-    body: null
-    headers: !!python/object/apply:__builtin__.frozenset
-    - - !!python/tuple [Accept-Encoding, 'gzip, deflate, compress']
-      - !!python/tuple [User-Agent, vcrpy-test]
-      - !!python/tuple [Accept, '*/*']
-    host: seomoz.org
-    method: GET
-    path: /
-    port: 80
-    protocol: http
-  response:
-    body: {string: "<html>\r\n<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>\r\n<body
-        bgcolor=\"white\">\r\n<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>\r\n<hr><center>nginx</center>\r\n</body>\r\n</html>\r\n"}
-    headers: {accept-ranges: bytes, age: '0', connection: keep-alive, content-length: '178',
-      content-type: text/html, date: 'Sat, 10 Aug 2013 23:33:35 GMT', location: 'http://moz.com/',
-      server: nginx, server-name: dalmozwww01.dal.moz.com, via: 1.1 varnish, x-varnish: '2027569892'}
-    status: {code: 301, message: Moved Permanently}

tests/integration/test_requests.py

@@ -130,3 +130,18 @@ def test_gzip(tmpdir, scheme):
 
     with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('gzip.yaml'))) as cass:
         assert_is_json(response.content)
+
+
+def test_session_and_connection_close(tmpdir, scheme):
+    '''
+    This tests the issue in https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/issues/48
+
+    If you use a requests.session and the connection is closed, then an
+    exception is raised in the urllib3 module vendored into requests:
+    `AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'settimeout'`
+    '''
+    with vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('session_connection_closed.yaml'))):
+        session = requests.session()
+
+        resp = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get', headers={'Connection': 'close'})
+        resp = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get', headers={'Connection': 'close'})

tests/integration/test_urllib2.py

@@ -114,3 +114,17 @@ def test_cross_scheme(tmpdir):
         urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/')
         assert len(cass) == 2
         assert cass.play_count == 0
+
+def test_decorator(scheme, tmpdir):
+    '''Test the decorator version of VCR.py'''
+    url = scheme + '://httpbin.org/'
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml')))
+    def inner1():
+        return urllib2.urlopen(url).getcode()
+
+    @vcr.use_cassette(str(tmpdir.join('atts.yaml')))
+    def inner2():
+        return urllib2.urlopen(url).getcode()
+
+    assert inner1() == inner2()

tests/integration/test_wild.py

@@ -52,3 +52,20 @@ def test_flickr_should_respond_with_200(tmpdir):
     with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
         r = requests.post("http://api.flickr.com/services/upload")
         assert r.status_code == 200
+
+def x_test_zip_file(tmpdir):
+    # TODO: How do I make this pass?
+    zipfile = "http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/download/peace_example.ZIP"
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('test.json'))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile, serializer='json'):
+        r = requests.post(zipfile)
+
+def test_cookies(tmpdir):
+    testfile = str(tmpdir.join('cookies.yml'))
+    with vcr.use_cassette(testfile):
+        s = requests.Session()
+        r1 = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/set?k1=v1&k2=v2")
+        r2 = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")
+        assert len(r2.json()['cookies']) == 2
+
+

tests/unit/test_cassettes.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import pytest
 import yaml
 import mock
 from vcr.cassette import Cassette
+from vcr.errors import UnhandledHTTPRequestError
 
 
 def test_cassette_load(tmpdir):
@@ -44,14 +45,22 @@ def test_cassette_contains():
 
 
 @mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
-def test_cassette_response_of():
+def test_cassette_responses_of():
     a = Cassette('test')
     a.append('foo', 'bar')
-    assert a.response_of('foo') == 'bar'
+    assert a.responses_of('foo') == ['bar']
 
 
 @mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
 def test_cassette_get_missing_response():
     a = Cassette('test')
-    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        a.response_of('foo')
+    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError):
+        a.responses_of('foo')
+
+@mock.patch('vcr.cassette.requests_match', _mock_requests_match)
+def test_cassette_cant_read_same_request_twice():
+    a = Cassette('test')
+    a.append('foo','bar')
+    a.play_response('foo')
+    with pytest.raises(UnhandledHTTPRequestError):
+        a.play_response('foo')

vcr/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ from config import VCR
 default_vcr = VCR()
 
 
-# Also, make a 'load' function available
 def use_cassette(path, **kwargs):
     return default_vcr.use_cassette(path, **kwargs)

vcr/cassette.py

@@ -6,14 +6,17 @@ except ImportError:
     from .compat.counter import Counter
     from .compat.ordereddict import OrderedDict
 
+from contextdecorator import ContextDecorator
+
 # Internal imports
 from .patch import install, reset
 from .persist import load_cassette, save_cassette
 from .serializers import yamlserializer
 from .matchers import requests_match, url, method
+from .errors import UnhandledHTTPRequestError
 
 
-class Cassette(object):
+class Cassette(ContextDecorator):
     '''A container for recorded requests and responses'''
 
     @classmethod
@@ -61,19 +64,39 @@ class Cassette(object):
         self.data.append((request, response))
         self.dirty = True
 
-    def response_of(self, request):
+    def play_response(self, request):
         '''
-        Find the response corresponding to a request
-
+        Get the response corresponding to a request, but only if it
+        hasn't been played back before, and mark it as playe.d
         '''
         for index, (stored_request, response) in enumerate(self.data):
             if requests_match(request, stored_request, self._match_on):
                 if self.play_counts[index] == 0:
                     self.play_counts[index] += 1
                     return response
-        # I decided that a KeyError is the best exception to raise
-        # if the cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
-        raise KeyError
+        # The cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
+        raise UnhandledHTTPRequestError(
+            "The cassette (%r) doesn't contain the request (%r) asked for"
+            % (self._path, request)
+        )
+
+    def responses_of(self, request):
+        '''
+        Find the responses corresponding to a request.
+        This function isn't actually used by VCR internally, but is
+        provided as an external API.
+        '''
+        responses = \
+            [resp for req, resp in self.data if
+                requests_match(req, request, self._match_on)]
+
+        if responses:
+            return responses
+        # The cassette doesn't contain the request asked for.
+        raise UnhandledHTTPRequestError(
+            "The cassette (%r) doesn't contain the request (%r) asked for"
+            % (self._path, request)
+        )
 
     def _as_dict(self):
         return {"requests": self.requests, "responses": self.responses}

vcr/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class UnhandledHTTPRequestError(KeyError):
+    '''
+    Raised when a cassette does not c
+    ontain the request we want
+    '''
+    pass

vcr/persisters/filesystem.py

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ class FilesystemPersister(object):
         dirname, filename = os.path.split(cassette_path)
         if dirname and not os.path.exists(dirname):
             os.makedirs(dirname)
-	with open(cassette_path, 'w') as f:
-	    f.write(data)
+        with open(cassette_path, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(data)

vcr/stubs/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,31 @@ from httplib import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection, HTTPMessage
 from cStringIO import StringIO
 
 from vcr.request import Request
+from vcr.errors import CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException
+
+
+def parse_headers_backwards_compat(header_dict):
+    """
+    In vcr 0.6.0, I changed the cassettes to store
+    headers as a list instead of a dict.  This method
+    parses the old dictionary-style headers for
+    backwards-compatability reasons.
+    """
+    msg = HTTPMessage(StringIO(""))
+    for key, val in header_dict.iteritems():
+        msg.addheader(key, val)
+        msg.headers.append("{0}:{1}".format(key, val))
+    return msg
+
+
+def parse_headers(header_list):
+    if isinstance(header_list, dict):
+        return parse_headers_backwards_compat(header_list)
+    headers = "".join(header_list) + "\r\n"
+    msg = HTTPMessage(StringIO(headers))
+    msg.fp.seek(0)
+    msg.readheaders()
+    return msg
 
 
 class VCRHTTPResponse(object):
@@ -18,17 +43,8 @@ class VCRHTTPResponse(object):
         self._content = StringIO(self.recorded_response['body']['string'])
         self.closed = False
 
-        # We are skipping the header parsing (they have already been parsed
-        # at this point) and directly  adding the headers to the header
-        # container, so just pass an empty StringIO.
-        self.msg = HTTPMessage(StringIO(''))
-
-        for key, val in self.recorded_response['headers'].iteritems():
-            self.msg.addheader(key, val)
-            # msg.addheaders adds the headers to msg.dict, but not to
-            # the msg.headers list representation of headers, so
-            # I have to add it to both.
-            self.msg.headers.append("{0}:{1}".format(key, val))
+        headers = self.recorded_response['headers']
+        self.msg = parse_headers(headers)
 
         self.length = self.msg.getheader('content-length') or None
 
@@ -47,7 +63,8 @@ class VCRHTTPResponse(object):
         return self.closed
 
     def getheaders(self):
-        return self.recorded_response['headers'].iteritems()
+        headers = parse_headers(self.recorded_response['headers'])
+        return headers.dict.iteritems()
 
 
 class VCRConnectionMixin:
@@ -56,6 +73,10 @@ class VCRConnectionMixin:
 
     def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
         '''Persist the request metadata in self._vcr_request'''
+        # see VCRConnectionMixin._restore_socket for the motivation here
+        if hasattr(self, 'sock'):
+            del self.sock
+
         self._vcr_request = Request(
             protocol=self._protocol,
             host=self.host,
@@ -161,12 +182,18 @@ class VCRConnectionMixin:
         '''Retrieve a the response'''
         # Check to see if the cassette has a response for this request. If so,
         # then return it
-        if self._vcr_request in self.cassette and  self.cassette.record_mode != "all" and self.cassette.rewound:
-            response = self.cassette.response_of(self._vcr_request)
+        if self._vcr_request in self.cassette and \
+                self.cassette.record_mode != "all" and \
+                self.cassette.rewound:
+            response = self.cassette.play_response(self._vcr_request)
             return VCRHTTPResponse(response)
         else:
             if self.cassette.write_protected:
-                raise Exception("cassette is write protected")
+                raise CannotOverwriteExistingCassetteException(
+                    "Can't overwrite existing cassette (%r) in "
+                    "your current record mode (%r)."
+                    % (self.cassette._path, self.cassette.record_mode)
+                )
 
             # Otherwise, we should send the request, then get the response
             # and return it.
@@ -192,7 +219,7 @@ class VCRConnectionMixin:
                     'code': response.status,
                     'message': response.reason
                 },
-                'headers': dict(response.getheaders()),
+                'headers': response.msg.headers,
                 'body': {'string': response.read()},
             }
             self.cassette.append(self._vcr_request, response)
@@ -205,11 +232,6 @@ class VCRHTTPConnection(VCRConnectionMixin, HTTPConnection):
     _baseclass = HTTPConnection
     _protocol = 'http'
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        # see VCRConnectionMixin._restore_socket for the motivation here
-        del self.sock
-
 
 class VCRHTTPSConnection(VCRConnectionMixin, HTTPSConnection):
     '''A Mocked class for HTTPS requests'''
@@ -223,5 +245,3 @@ class VCRHTTPSConnection(VCRConnectionMixin, HTTPSConnection):
         HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
         self.key_file = kwargs.pop('key_file', None)
         self.cert_file = kwargs.pop('cert_file', None)
-        # see VCRConnectionMixin._restore_socket for the motivation here
-        del self.sock